Identity motives underlying desired and feared possible future selves

Journal of Personality

Volumn 76, Issue 5, 2008, Pages 1165-1200

  Vignoles, Vivian L ^a   Manzi, Claudia ^b   Regalia, Camillo ^b   Jemmolo, Simone ^c   Scabini, Eugenia ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SUSSEX   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITÀ CATTOLICA DEL SACRO CUORE   (Italy)

^c UNIVERSITY OF BOLOGNA   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY; DECISION MAKING; EGO DEVELOPMENT; FEAR; FEMALE; FORECASTING; FRUSTRATION; HUMAN; HUMAN RELATION; IDENTITY; INDIVIDUALITY; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MOTIVATION; QUESTIONNAIRE; SATISFACTION; SELF CONCEPT; SELF EVALUATION; SOCIAL DESIRABILITY;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; CHOICE BEHAVIOR; CULTURE; FEAR; FEMALE; FORECASTING; FRUSTRATION; HUMANS; IDENTIFICATION (PSYCHOLOGY); INDIVIDUALITY; INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MOTIVATION; PERSONAL SATISFACTION; PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT; QUESTIONNAIRES; SELF ASSESSMENT (PSYCHOLOGY); SELF CONCEPT; SOCIAL DESIRABILITY; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 51749089533     PISSN: 00223506     EISSN: 14676494     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2008.00518.x     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. Aloise-Young, P. A., Hennigan, K. M. Leong, C. W. (2001). Possible selves and negative health behaviors during early adolescence. Journal of Early Adolescence, 21, 158 181.
2. Baumeister, R. F. (1991). Meanings of life. New York : Guilford.
3. Breakwell, G. M. (1988). Strategies adopted when identity is threatened. Revue Internationale de Psychologie Sociale, 1, 189 203.
4. Burack, J. H., Irby, D. M., Caline, J. D., Ambrozy, D. M., Ellsbury, K. E. Stritter, F. T. (1997). A study of medical students' specialty-choice pathways: Trying on possible selves. Academic Medicine, 72, 534 541.
5. Capozza, D., R. Brown Aharpour, S. Falvo, R. (2006). A comparison of motivational theories of identification. In R. Brown D. Capozza (Eds.), Social identities: Motivational, emotional and cultural influences (pp. 51 72). Hove, UK : Psychology Press.
6. Carson, A. D., Madison, T. Santrock, J. W. (1987). Relationships between possible selves and self-reported problems of divorced and intact family adolescents. Journal of Early Adolescence, 7, 191 204.
7. Carver, C. S. Scheier, M. F. (1982). Control theory: A useful conceptual framework for personality-social, clinical, and health psychology. Psychological Bulletin, 92, 111 135.
8. Chandler, M. J., Lalonde, C. E., Sokol, B. Hallett, D. (2003). Personal persistence, identity development, and suicide: A study of Native and Non-Native North American adolescents. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 68(2, Serial No. 273).
9. Cinnirella, M. (1998). Exploring temporal aspects of social identity: The concept of possible social identities. European Journal of Social Psychology, 28, 227 248.
10. Cross, S. Markus, H. (1991). Possible selves across the life span. Human Development, 34, 230 255.
11. Deci, E. L. Ryan, R. M. (2000). The "what" and "why" of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11, 227 268.
12. Dunkel, C. S. (2000). Possible selves as a mechanism for identity exploration. Journal of Adolescence, 23, 519 529.
13. Dunkel, C. S. Anthis, K. S. (2001). The role of possible selves in identity formation: A short-term longitudinal study. Journal of Adolescence, 24, 765 776.
14. Emmons, R. A. (1997). Motives and life goals. In R. Hogan, J. Johnson S. Briggs (Eds.), Handbook of personality psychology (pp. 485 512). San Diego, CA : Academic Press.
15. Englis, B. G. Solomon, M. R. (1995). To be and not to be: Lifestyle imagery, reference groups, and the clustering of America. Journal of Advertising, 24, 13 28.
16. Escalas, J. E. Bettman, J. R. (2003). You are what they eat: The influence of reference groups on consumers' connectiont to brands. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 13, 339 348.
17. Fryberg, S. A. Markus, H. R. (2003). On being American Indian: Current and possible selves. Self and Identity, 2, 325 344.
18. Gillespie, R. J. (2007). Exploring the impact of reminders of mortality and terrorist events on intergroup relations: A TMT perspective. Unpublished doctoral thesis, University of Sussex, UK.
19. Hogg, M. A. (2000). Subjective uncertainty reduction through self-categorization: A motivational theory of social identity processes. European Review of Social Psychology, 11, 223 255.
20. Hooker, K., Fiese, B., Jenkins, L., Morfei, M. Z. Schwagler, J. (1996). Possible selves among parents of infants and preschoolers. Developmental Psychology, 32, 542 550.
21. Hox, J. (2002). Multilevel analysis: Techniques and applications. Mahwah, NJ : Erlbaum.
22. Hoyle, R. H. Sherrill, M. R. (2006). Future orientation in the self-system: Possible selves, self-regulation, and behavior. Journal of Personality, 74, 1673 1696.
23. Jetten, J., Postmes, T. McAuliffe, B. J. (2002). "We're all individuals": Group norms of individualism and collectivism, levels of identification and identity threat. European Journal of Social Psychology, 32, 189 207.
24. Kao, G. (2000). Group images and possible selves among adolescents: Linking stereotypes to expectations by race and ethnicity. Sociological Forum, 15, 407 430.
25. Kirkpatrick, L. A. Ellis, B. J. (2004). An evolutionary-psychological approach to self-esteem: Multiple domains and multiple functions. In M. B. Brewer M. Hewstone (Eds.), Self and social identity (pp. 52 77). Malden, MA : Blackwell.
26. Knox, M., Funk, J., Elliott, R. Bush, E. G. (1998). Adolescents' possible selves and their relationship to global self-esteem. Sex Roles, 39, 61 80.
27. Koole, S. L., Dijksterhuis, A. van Knippenberg, A. (2001). What's in a name: Implicit self-esteem and the automatic self. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80, 669 685.
28. Kuhn, M. H. McPartland, T. S. (1954). An empirical investigation of self-attitudes. American Sociological Review, 19, 68 76.
29. Leary, M. R. Baumeister, R. F. (2000). The nature and function of self-esteem: Sociometer theory. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 32, 1 62.
30. MacKinnon, D. P., Lockwood, C. M., Hoffman, J. M., West, S. G. Sheets, V. (2002). A comparison of methods to test mediation and other intervening variable effects. Psychological Methods, 7, 83 104.
31. Manzi, C., Vignoles, V. L. Regalia, C. (2007). Accommodating a new identity: Possible selves, identity change and well-being across two life-transitions. Manuscript submitted for publication.
32. Manzi, C., Vignoles, V. L., Regalia, C. Scabini, E. (2006). Cohesion and enmeshment revisited: Differentiation, identity, and well-being in two European cultures. Journal of Marriage and Family, 68, 673 689.
33. Markus, H. R. Nurius, P. (1986). Possible selves. American Psychologist, 41, 954 969.
34. Marshall, S. K., Young, R. A. Domene, J. F. (2006). Possible selves as joint projects. In C. Dunkel J. Kerpelman (Eds.), Possible selves: Theory, research and applications (pp. 141 161). Hauppauge, NY : Nova.
35. Ouellette, J. A., Hessling, R., Gibbons, F. X., Reis-Bergan, M. Gerrard, M. (2005). Using images to increase exercise behavior: Prototypes versus possible selves. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31, 610 620.
36. Oyserman, D., Bybee, D. Terry, K. (2006). Possible selves and academic outcomes: How and when possible selves impel action. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91, 188 204.
37. Oyserman, D. Fryberg, S. (2006). The possible selves of diverse adolescents: Content and function across gender, race and national origin. In C. Dunkel J. Kerpelman (Eds.), Possible selves: Theory, research and applications (pp. 17 39). Hauppauge, NY : Nova.
38. Packard, B. W.-L. Conway, P. F. (2006). Methodological choice and its consequences for possible selves research. Identity, 6, 251 271.
39. Preacher, K. J. Leonardelli, G. J. (2001, March). Calculation for the Sobel test: An interactive calculation tool for mediation tests [Computer software]. Available from.
40. Pyszczynsski, T., Greenberg, J., Solomon, S., Arndt, J. Schimel, J. (2004). Why do people need self-esteem? A theoretical and empirical review. Psychological Bulletin, 130, 435 468.
41. Raudenbush, S., Bryk, A., Cheong, Y. F. Congdon, R. (2001). HLM 5: Hierarchical linear and nonlinear modeling. Lincolnwood, IL : Scientific Software International.
42. Reis, H. T., Sheldon, K M., Gable, S. L., Roscoe, J. Ryan, R. M. (2000). Daily well-being: The role of autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 419 435.
43. Sedikides, C. Gaertner, L. (2001). The social self: The quest for identity and the motivational primacy of the individual self. In J. P. Forgas, K. D. Williams L. Wheeler (Eds.), The social mind: Cognitive and motivational aspects of interpersonal behavior. New York : Cambridge University Press.
44. Sedikides, C. Gregg, A. (2003). Portraits of the self. In M. A. Hogg J. Cooper (Eds.), Sage handbook of social psychology (pp. 110 138). London : Sage Publications.
45. Sedikides, C. Strube, M. J. (1995). The multiply motivated self. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21, 1330 1335.
46. Seligman, M. E. P. (1975). Helplessness: On development, depression and death. New York : W. H. Freeman & Co.
47. Sheldon, K. M., Elliot, A. J., Ryan, R. M., Chirkov, V., Kim, Y. Wu, C., et al 2004). Self-concordance and subjective well-being in four cultures. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 35, 209 223.
48. Snijders, T. A. B. Bosker, R. J. (1994). Modeled variance in two-level models. Sociological Methods & Research, 22, 342 363.
49. Snyder, C. R. Fromkin, H. L. (1980). Uniqueness: The human pursuit of difference. New York : Plenum Press.
50. Srivastava, S. Beer, J. S. (2005). How self-evaluations relate to being liked by others: Integrating sociometer and attachment perspectives. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89, 966 977.
51. Steger, M. F. (in press). Meaning in life. In C. R. Snyder S. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology (2nd ed.). New York : Oxford University Press.
52. Strauss, R. Goldberg, W. A. (1999). Self and possible selves during the transition to fatherhood. Journal of Family Psychology, 13, 244 259.
53. Swann, W. B. Jr. (1987). Identity negotiation: Where two roads meet. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 1038 1051.
54. Unemori, P., Omoregie, H. Markus, H. R. (2004). Self-portraits: Possible selves in European-American, Chilean, Japanese and Japanese American cultural contexts. Self and Identity, 3, 321 328.
55. Vignoles, V. L. (in press). The motive for distinctiveness: Identity construction in cultural context. In C. R. Snyder S. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology (2nd ed.). New York : Oxford University Press.
56. Vignoles, V. L., Chryssochoou, X. Breakwell, G. M. (2002). Sources of distinctiveness Position, difference and separateness in the identities of Anglican parish priests. European Journal of Social Psychology, 32, 761 780.
57. Vignoles, V. L. Moncaster, N. (2007). Identity motives and ingroup favouritism: A new approach to individual differences in intergroup discrimination. British Journal of Social Psychology, 46, 91 113.
58. Vignoles, V. L., Regalia, C., Manzi, C., Golledge, J. Scabini, E. (2006). Beyond self-esteem: Influence of multiple motives on identity construction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90, 308 333.
59. Waid, L. D. Frazier, L. D. (2003). Cultural differences in possible selves during later life. Journal of Aging Studies, 17, 251 268.