A systematic review into the efficacy of static stretching as part of a warm-up for the prevention of exercise-related injury

Research in Sports Medicine

Volumn 16, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 213-231

  Small, Katie ^a   Mc Naughton, Lars ^a,c   Matthews, Martyn ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HULL   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SALFORD   (United Kingdom)

^c Department of Sport Health and Exercise Science ^*  (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Injury prevention; Review; Sport; Static stretching

Indexed keywords

ACCIDENT PREVENTION; CLINICAL TRIAL; EXERCISE RELATED INJURY; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; INJURY; KINESIOTHERAPY; LIGAMENT INJURY; METHODOLOGY; MUSCLE INJURY; MUSCULOTENDINOUS INJURY; REVIEW; STATIC EXERCISE; STRETCHING EXERCISE; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; TENDON INJURY;

ATHLETIC INJURIES; EXERCISE; HUMANS; MUSCLE STRETCHING EXERCISES; MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS AS TOPIC; RANGE OF MOTION, ARTICULAR;

EID: 51649110144     PISSN: 15438627     EISSN: 15438635     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/15438620802310784     Document Type: Review

References (44)

1. Agre JC (1985) Hamstring injuries. Proposed aetiological factors, prevention and treatment. Journal of Sports Medicine 2: 21-33.
2. Amako M, Oda T, Masuoka K, Yokoi H, Campisi P (2003) Effect of static stretching on prevention of injuries for military recruits. Journal of Military Medicine 168(6): 442-446.
3. Ball D, Herrington L (1998) Training and overload: Adaptation and failure in the musculoskeletal system. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies 2(3): 161-167.
4. Batterham AM, Atkinson G (2005) How big does my sample size need to be? A primer on the murky world of sample size estimation. Journal of Physical Therapy in Sport 6: 153-163.
5. Bixler BA, Jones RL (1992) High-school football injuries: Effects of post-half time warm-up and stretching routine. Family Practice Research Journal 12(2): 131-139.
6. Cornelius WL, Hinson MM (1980) The relationship between isometric contractions of hip extensors and subsequent flexibility in males. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness 20: 75-80.
7. Cross KM, Worrell TW (1999) Effects of a static stretching program on the incidence of lower extremity musculotendinous strains. Journal of Athletic Training 34(1): 11-14.
8. Ekstrand J, Gillquist J (1983) The avoidability of soccer injuries. International Journal of Sports Medicine 4: 124-128.
9. Ekstrand J, Gillquist J, Liljedahl S-O (1983) Prevention of soccer injuries: Supervision by doctor and physiotherapist. American Journal of Sports Medicine 11: 116-120.
10. Finestone A, Shlamkovitch N, Eldad A, Wosk J (1991) Risk factors for stress fractures among Israeli infantry recruits. Journal of Military Medicine 156: 528-530.
11. Godges JJ, MacRae H, Longdon C, Tinberg C, MacRae P (1989) The effects of two stretching procedures on hip range of motion and gait economy. Journal of Orthopedic Sports Physical Therapy 1: 350-357.
12. Greenhalgh T (1997) Papers that summarise other papers (systematic reviews and meta-analysis). British Medical Journal (Clinical research ed.) 13;315(7109): 672-675.
13. Hägglund M, Waldén M, Balu R, Ekstrand J (2005) Methods for epidemiological study of injuries to professional players: Developing the UEFA model. British Journal of Sports Medicine 39: 340-346.
14. Hartig DE, Henderson JM (1999) Increasing hamstring flexibility decreases lower extremity overuse injuries in military basic trainees. American Journal of Sport Medicine 27(2): 173-176.
15. Herbert RD, Gabriel M (2002) Effects of stretching before and after exercising on muscle soreness and risk of injury: Systematic review. British Medical Journal 325: 468.
16. Hess GP, Cappiello WL, Pole RM (1987) Prevention and treatment of overuse tendon injuries. Journal of Sports Medicine 8: 371-384.
17. Ingraham SJ (2003) The role of flexibility in injury prevention and athletic performance: Have we stretched the truth? Journal of Minnesota Medicine 86(5): 58-61.
18. Jones DC, Cowan DL, Tomlinson JP (1993) Epidemiology of injuries associated with physical training among young men in the army. Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 25: 197-203.
19. Koes BW, Assendelft WJJ, van der Heijden GJMG, Bouter LM, Knipschild PG (1991) Spinal manipulation and mobilization for back and neck pain: a blinded review. British Medical Journal 303: 1289-1303.
20. Lysens RJ, Ostyn MS, Auweele YV, Lefevre J, Vuylsteke M, Renson L (1989) The accident-prone and overuse-prone profiles of the young athlete. American Journal of Sports Medicine 17: 612-619.
21. McCullough C (1990) Stretching for injury prevention. Journal of Patient Management 14(6): 79-85.
22. Moher D, Cook DJ, Eastwood S, Olkin I, Rennie D, Stroup D (1999) Improving the quality of reports of meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials: The QUOROM statement. The Lancet 354: 1896-1900.
23. Mora J (1990) Dynamic stretching. Triathlete 84: 28-31.
24. Murphy DR (1991) A critical look at static stretching: are we doing our patient harm? Journal of Chiropratic Sports Medicine 5: 67-70
25. Orchard JW (2001) Intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors for muscle strains in Australian football. American Journal of Sports Medicine 29: 300-303.
26. Osternig LR, Robertson RN, Troxel RK, Hansen P (1990) Differential response to proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretch techniques. Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 22(1): 106-111.
27. Pope RP, Herbert RD, Kirwan JD (1998) Effects of ankle dorsiflexion and pre-exercise calf-muscle stretching on injury risk in army military recruits. Australian Journal of Physiotherapy 44(3): 165-172.
28. Pope RP, Herbert RD, Kirwan JD, Graham BJ (2000) A randomised trial of pre-exercise stretching for prevention of lower-limb injury. Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 32(2): 271-277.
29. Safran MC, Seaber AV, Garret WE (1989) Warm-up and muscular injury prevention: An update. Journal of Sports Medicine 2: 21-33.
30. Shellock FG, Prentice WE (1985) Warming-up and stretching for improved physical performance and prevention of sports-related injuries. Journal of Sports Medicine 2(4): 267-278.
31. Shrier I (1999) Stretching before exercise does not reduce the risk of local muscle injury: A critical review of the clinical and basic science literature. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine 9(4): 221-227.
32. Shrier I (2000) Stretching before exercise: an evidence based approach. British Journal of Sports Medicine 34: 324-325.
33. Shrier I (2005) When and whom to stretch? Gauging the benefits and drawbacks for individual patients. The Physician and Sports Medicine 33(3): 22-26.
34. Smith CA (1994) The warm-up procedure: To stretch or not to stretch. A brief review. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy 19: 12-17.
35. Taimela S, Kujala UM, Osterman K (1990) Intrinsic risk factors and athletic injuries. Journal of Sports Medicine 9: 205-215.
36. Ter Riet G, Kleijnen J, Knipschild P (1990) Acupuncture and chronic pain: A criteria-based meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 43: 1191-1199.
37. Thacker SB, Gilchrist J, Stroup DF, Kimsey CD, Jr. (2004) The impact of stretching on sports injury risk: A systematic review of the literature. Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 36(3): 271-378.
38. Van Mechelen W, Hlobil H, Kemper HCG, Voorn WJ, De Jongh HR (1993) Prevention of running injuries by warm-up, cool-down and stretching exercises. American Journal of Sports Medicine 21(5): 711-719.
39. Van Tulder MW, Assendelft WJJ, Koes BW, Bouter LM, The Editorial Board of the Cochrane Collaboration Back Review Group (1997) Method guidelines for systematic reviews in the Cochrane Collaboration Back Review Group for spinal disorders. Spine 22(20): 2323-2330.
40. Wallin D, Ekbolm B, Grahn R, Nordenborg T (1985) Improvement of muscle flexibility: A comparison of two techniques. American Journal of Sports Medicine 13(4): 263-268.
41. Weldon SM, Hill RH (2003) The efficacy of stretching for prevention of exercise-related injury: A systematic review of the literature. Journal of Manual Therapy 8(3): 141-150.
42. Wiktorsson-Moller M, Oberg B, Ekstrand J, Gillquist J (1983) Effects of warming up, massage, and stretching on range of motion and muscle strength in the lower extremity. American Journal of Sports Medicine 11(4): 249-252.
43. Worrell TW (1994) Factors associated with hamstring injuries: An approach to treatment and preventative measures. Journal of Sports Medicine 17: 338-345.
44. Zarins B, Ciullo JV (1983) Acute muscle and tendon injuries in athletes. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine 2: 167-182.