The Solomon Effect in Learning Disabilities Diagnosis: Can We Learn from History?

School Psychology Quarterly

Volumn 21, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 359-374

  Dombrowski, Stefan C ^a   Kamphaus, Randy W ^b   Barry, Melissa ^b   Brueggeman, Amber ^b   Cavanagh, Sarah ^b   Devine, Katie ^b   Hekimoglu, Linda ^b   Vess, Sarah ^b  

^a RIDER UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 51449095571     PISSN: 10453830     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/h0084128     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Aaron P.G. The impending demise of the discrepancy formula. Review of Educational Research 67 4 (1997) 461-502
2. Adelman H.S. LD: The next 25 years. Journal of Learning Disabilities 25 (1992) 17-22
3. Adelman H.S., and Taylor L. The problems of definition and differentiation and the need for a classification schema. Journal of Learning Disabilities 19 (1986) 514-520
4. American Educational Research Association (AERA), American Psychological Association (APA), and National Council on Measurement in Education (NCME). Standards for educational and psychological testing (1999), American Educational Research Association, Washington, DC
5. American Psychiatric Association (APA). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4th ed. (1994), Author, Washington, DC
6. Bateman B. Learning disabilities: An overview. Journal of School Psychology 3 3 (1965) 1-12
7. Blashfield R.K. Models of classification as related to a taxonomy of learning disabilities. In: Lyon G.R., Gray D.B., Kavanagh J.F., and Krasnegor N.A. (Eds). Better understanding learning disabilities: New views from research and their implications for education and public policies (1993), Paul H. Brooks, Baltimore 17-26
8. Blashfield R.K., and Draguns J.G. Toward a taxonomy of psychopathology: The purpose of psychiatric classification. British Journal of Psychiatry 129 (1976) 574-583
9. Bocian K.M., Beebe M.E., McMillan D., and Gresham F.M. Competing paradigms in learning disabilities classification by schools and the variations in the meaning of discrepant achievement. Learning Disabilities Research & Practice 14 (1999) 1-14
10. Chambers J., Shkolnik J., and Perez M. Total expenditures for students with disabilities, 1999-2000: Spending variation by disability; Report of special education expenditure project (SEEP. American Institutes for Research in the Behavioral Sciences, Palo Alto, CA. Center for Special Education Finance (2003). http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICDocs/data/ericdocs2/content_storage_01/0000000b/80/23/be/49.pdf Retrieved December 8, 2004, from www.eric.ed.gov/ERICDocs/data/ericdocs2/content_storage_01/0000000b/80/23/be/49.pdf
11. Dombrowski S.C., Kamphaus R.W., and Reynolds C.R. After the demise of the discrepancy: Proposed learning disabilities diagnostic criteria. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice 35 4 (2004) 364-372
12. Fletcher T., and Navarrete L. Learning disabilities or difference: A critical look at the issues associated with the misidentification and placement of Hispanic students in special education programs. Rural Special Education Quarterly 22 4 (2003) 37-46
13. Harris J.D., Gray B.A., Davis J.E., Zaremba E.T., and Argulewicz E.N. The exclusionary clause and the disadvantaged: Do we try to comply with the law?. Journal of Learning Disabilities 21 (1997) 581-583
14. Hinshelwood J. Congenital word blindness (1917), HK Lewis, London
15. Hocutt A. Effectiveness of special education: Is placement the critical factor?. The Future of Children 6 1 (1996) 77-102
16. Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (2004). Retrieved August 31, 2005 from www.ed.gov/about/offices/list/osers/osep/index.html
17. Kamphaus R.W. Clinical assessment of child and adolescent intelligence. 2nd ed. (2001), Allyn & Bacon, Boston
18. Keogh B.K. Classification, compliance, and confusion. Journal of Learning Disabilities 16 (1983) 25
19. Kirk S.A. Educating exceptional children (1962), Houghton Mifflin, Boston
20. Kirk S.A., and Bateman B. Diagnosis and remediation of learning disabilities. Exceptional Children 29 2 (1962) 73-78
21. Lyon G.R. Learning disabilities. The Future of Children 6 1 (1996) 54-76
22. Lyon G.R., Fletcher J.M., and Barnes M.C. Learning disabilities. In: Mash E.J., and Barkley R.A. (Eds). Child psychopathology. 2nd ed. (2003), TheGuilford Press, New York
23. Mercer C.D., Forgnone C., and Wolking W.D. Definitions of learning disabilities used in the United States. Journal of Learning Disabilities 9 (1976) 376-386
24. Messick S. Validity. In: Linn R.L. (Ed). Educational Measurement. 3rd ed. (1989), Macmillan Publishing Company, New York 13-103
25. National Center for Education Statistics, Statistics of Public Elementary and Secondary School Systems. 2003 (data 1989-90 through 2001-02). Retrieved December 8, 2004, from http://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d03/tables/dt052.asp.
26. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Equity in education: Students with learning disabilities, learning difficulties, and disadvantages, statistics and indication (2004), OECD, Danvers, MA
27. Orton S. Word blindness in school children. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry 14 (1925) 581-613
28. Overton T., Fielding C., and Simonsson M. Decision making in determining eligibility of culturally and linguistically diverse learners: Reasons given by assessment personnel. Journal of Learning Disabilities 37 4 (2004) 319-330
29. Parrish T., and Chambers J. Financing special education. The Future of Children 6 1 (1996) 121-138
30. Reschly D. Identification and assessment of students with disabilities. The Future of Children 6 1 (1996) 40-53
31. Rutter M., and Yule W. The concept of specific reading retardation. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 16 (1975) 181-197
32. Shepard L. The role of measurement in educational policy: Lessons from the identification of learning disabilities. Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice 2 (1983) 4-8
33. Shepard, L. (1989). Identification of mild handicaps. In R.L. Linn (Ed.) Educational measurement (3rd ed., pp. 545-572). New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
34. Shepard L., Smith M., and Vojir C. Characteristics of pupils identified as learning disabled. American Educational Research Journal 20 (1983) 309-331
35. Siegel L.S. Issues in the definition and diagnosis of learning disabilities: A perspective on Guckenberger v. Boston University. Journal of Learning Disabilities 32 4 (1999) 304-319
36. Stanovich K.E. Matthew Effects in reading: Some consequences of individual differences in the acquisition of literacy. Reading Research Quarterly 21 (1986) 360-407
37. Stanovich K.E. The future of a mistake: Will discrepancy measurement continue to make the learning disabilities field a pseudoscience?. Learning Disability Quarterly 28 2 (2005) 103-106
38. Terman D., Larner M., Stevenson C., and Behrman R. Special education for students with disabilities: Analysis and recommendations. The Future of Children 6 1 (1996) 4-24
39. Tucker J., Stevens L.J., and Ysseldyke J.E. Learning disabilities: The experts speak out. Journal of Learning Disabilities 16 (1983) 6-14
40. U.S. Department of Education, Office of Educational Research and Assessment. Digest of education statistics (1996), U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC
41. U.S. Department of Education, Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services. (2003). 24th Annual Report to Congress on the Implementation of The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (data 1976-77 through 2001-02). Retrieved December 8, 2004, from http://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d03/tables/dt052.asp.
42. U.S. Department of Education, Office of Special Education Programs, Data Analysis System (DANS). Student characteristics (table data 1991-92 through 2000-01) (2002). http://www.ed.gov/about/reports/annual/osep/2002/section-ii.pdf Retrieved December 8, 2004, from www.ed.gov/about/reports/annual/osep/2002/section-ii.pdf
43. U.S. Department of Education, President's Commission on Excellence in Special Education. A new era: Revitalizing special education for children and their families (2005). http://www.ed.gov/inits/commissionsboards/whspecialeducation/reports/images/Pres_Rep.pdf Retrieved September 10, 2005, from www.ed.gov/inits/commissionsboards/whspecialeducation/reports/images/Pres_Rep.pdf
44. United States Department of Justice. Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (1996, July 26). http://www.usdoj.gov/crt/ada/pubs/ada.txt Retrieved December 3, 2004, from www.usdoj.gov/crt/ada/pubs/ada.txt
45. U.S. Office of Special Education Programs, National Joint Committee on Learning Disabilities. Specific learning disabilities: Finding common ground (2002, July 25). http://www.ldonline.org/news/commonground.html Retrieved September 11, 2005, from www.ldonline.org/news/commonground.html
46. van der Wissel A., and Zegers F.E. Reading retardation revisited. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 3 (1985) 3-9
47. Wiggins O.P., and Schwartz M.A. The limits of psychiatric knowledge and the problems of classification. In: Sadler J.Z., Wiggins O.P., and Schwartz M.A. (Eds). Philosophical perspectives on psychiatric diagnostic classification (1994), Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore 89-103
48. Wolinsky S., and Whelan A. Federal law and the accommodation of students with LD: The lawyer's look at the BU decision. Journal of Learning Disabilities 32 (1999) 286-291
49. Yule W. Differential prognosis of reading backwardness and specific reading retardation. British Journal of Educational Psychology 43 (1973) 244-248