A comparison of 3 radiographic scales for the prediction of delayed ischemia and prognosis following subarachnoid hemorrhage

Journal of Neurosurgery

Volumn 109, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 199-207

  Kramer, Andreas H ^a   Hehir, Michael ^b   Nathan, Bart ^b   Gress, Darryl ^b   Dumont, Aaron S ^b   Kassell, Neal F ^b   Bleck, Thomas P ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA HEALTH SYSTEM   (United States)

^c NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Delayed cerebral ischemia; Fisher scale; Intraventricular hemorrhage; Prognosis; Subarachnoid hemorrhage; Vasospasm

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; BRAIN ARTERY ANEURYSM RUPTURE; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; COHORT ANALYSIS; COMPARATIVE STUDY; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; FEMALE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; SCORING SYSTEM; SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE; ANEURYSM RUPTURE; BRAIN VASOSPASM; DISEASE COURSE; MIDDLE AGED; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; OBSERVER VARIATION; PREDICTION AND FORECASTING; RADIOGRAPHY; REPRODUCIBILITY; RISK FACTOR; STANDARD; STATISTICS; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VALIDATION STUDY;

ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; ANEURYSM, RUPTURED; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; DISEASE PROGRESSION; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; OBSERVER VARIATION; PREDICTIVE VALUE OF TESTS; PROGNOSIS; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RISK FACTORS; SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE; TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY COMPUTED; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VASOSPASM, INTRACRANIAL;

EID: 51449089041     PISSN: 00223085     EISSN: 19330693     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3171/JNS/2008/109/8/0199     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Adams HP, Kassell NF, Torner JC, Haley EC: Predicting cerebral ischemia after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: influences of clinical condition, CT results, and antifibrinolytic therapy. A report of the Cooperative Aneurysm Study. Neurology 37:1586-1591, 1987
2. Binaghi S, Colleoni ML, Maeder P, Uské A, Regli L, Dehdashti AR, et al: CT angiography and perfusion CT in cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 28:750-758, 2007 (Pubitemid 46608619)
3. Brouwers PJ, Dippel DW, Vermeulen M, Lindsay KW, Hasan D, van Gijn J: Amount of blood on computed tomography as an independent predictor after aneurysm rupture. Stroke 24:809-814, 1993 (Pubitemid 23163554)
4. Claassen J, Bernardini GL, Kreiter K, Bates J, Du YE, Copeland D, et al: Effect of cisternal and ventricular blood on risk of delayed cerebral ischemia after subarachnoid hemorrhage: the Fisher Scale revisited. Stroke 32:2012-2020, 2001 (Pubitemid 32868089)
5. Davis JM, Davis KR, Crowell RM: Subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary to ruptured intracranial aneurysm: prognostic significance of cranial CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol 134:711-715, 1980
6. Dorsch NW, King MT: A review of cerebral vasospasm in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Part 1: Incidence and effects. J Clin Neurosci 1:19-26, 1994
7. Fisher CM, Kistler JP, Davis JM: Relation of cerebral vasospasm to subarachnoid hemorrhage visualized by computerized tomographic scanning. Neurosurgery 6:1-9, 1980
8. Frontera JA, Claassen J, Schmidt JM, Wartenberg KE, Temes R, Connolly ES, et al: Prediction of symptomatic vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage: the modified Fisher scale. Neurosurgery 59:21-27, 2006 (Pubitemid 44024334)
9. Fujita S: Computed tomographic grading with Hounsfield num ber related to delayed vasospasm in cases of ruptured cerebral aneurysm. Neurosurgery 17:609-612, 1985
10. Grandin CB, Cosnard G, Hammer F, Duprez TP, Stroobandt G, Mathurin P: Vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage: diagnosis with MR angiography. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 21:1611-1617, 2000
11. Hijdra A, van Gijn J, Nagelkerke NJ, Vermeulen M, van Crevel H: Prediction of delayed cerebral ischemia, rebleeding, and outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke 19:1250-1256, 1988 (Pubitemid 18244449)
12. Jakobsson U, Westergren A: Statistical methods for assessing agreement for ordinal data. Scand J Caring Sci 19:427-431, 2005 (Pubitemid 43943217)
13. Jennett B, Bond M: Assessment of outcome after severe brain damage. Lancet 1:480-484, 1975
14. Kassell NF, Torner JC, Haley EC Jr, Jane JA, Adams HP, Kongable GL: The International Cooperative Study on the Timing of Aneurysm Surgery. Part 1: Overall management results. J Neurosurg 73:18-36, 1990
15. Kistler JP, Crowell RM, Davis KR, Heros R, Ojemann RG, Zervas T, et al: The relation of cerebral vasospasm to the extent and location of subarachnoid blood visualized by CT scan: a prospective study. Neurology 33:424-436, 1983
16. Klimo P Jr, Schmidt RH: Computed tomography grading schemes used to predict cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a historical review. Neurosurg Focus 21(3):E5, 2006
17. Lanzino G, Kassell NF: Double-blind randomized, vehicle controlled study of high-dose tirilizad mesylate in women with aneurismal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Part II. A cooperative study in North America. J Neurosurg 90:1018-1024, 1999 (Pubitemid 29241167)
18. Lysakowski C, Walder B, Costanza MC, Tramer MR: Transcranial Doppler versus angiography in patients with vasospasm due to a ruptured cerebral aneurysm: a systematic review. Stroke 32:2292-2298, 2001 (Pubitemid 32954797)
19. Macdonald RL: Management of cerebral vasospasm. Neurosurg Rev 29:179-193, 2006
20. Macdonald RL, Rosengart A, Huo D, Karrison T: Factors associated with the development of vasospasm after planned surgical treatment of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 99:644-652, 2003 (Pubitemid 37159040)
21. Mayberg MR, Batjer HH, Dacey R, Diringer M, Haley EC, Heros RC, et al: Guidelines for the management of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. A statement for healthcare professionals from a special writing group of the Stroke Council, American Heart Association. Circulation 90:2592-2605, 1994 (Pubitemid 24354363)
22. Mayer SA, Kreiter KT, Copeland D, Bernardinini GL, Bates JE, Peery S, et al: Global and domain-specific cognitive impairment and outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurology 59:1750-1758, 2002 (Pubitemid 35424458)
23. Ogilvy CS, Carter BS: A proposed comprehensive grading system to predict outcome for surgical management of intracranial aneurysms. Neurosurgery 42:959-968, 1998
24. Otawara Y, Ogaswara K, Ogawa A, Sasaki M, Takahashi K: Evaluation of vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage by use of multislice computed tomographic angiography. Neurosurgery 51:939-942, 2002 (Pubitemid 36331029)
25. Qureshi AI, Sung GY, Razumovsky AY, Lane K, Straw RN, Ulatowski JA: Early identification of patients at risk for symptomatic vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Crit Care Med 28:984-990, 2000 (Pubitemid 30262066)
26. Rabinstein AA, Weigand S, Atkinson JL, Wijdicks EF: Patterns of cerebral infarction in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke 36:992-997, 2005 (Pubitemid 40629290)
27. Reilly C, Amidei C, Tolentino J, Jahromi BS, Macdonald RL: Clot volume and clearance rate as independent predictors of vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 101:255-261, 2004 (Pubitemid 38971001)
28. Rosen DS, Macdonald RL: Subarachnoid hemorrhage grading scales: a systematic review. Neurocrit Care 2:110-118, 2005
29. Rosengart AJ, Schultheiss KE, Tolentino J, Macdonald RL: Prog nostic factors for outcome in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke 38:2315-2321, 2007 (Pubitemid 47457575)
30. Schaller C, Rohde V, Meyer B, Hassler W: Amount of subarachnoid blood and vasospasm: current aspects. A transcranial Doppler study. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 136:67-71, 1995
31. Schmid-Elsaesser R, Kunz M, Zausinger S, Prueckner S, Briegel J, Steiger HJ: Intravenous magnesium versus nimodipine in the treatment of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a randomized study. Neurosurgery 58:1054-1065, 2006 (Pubitemid 43879539)
32. Smith ML, Abrahams JM, Chandela S, Smith MJ, Hurst RW, Le Roux PD: Subarachnoid hemorrhage on computed tomography scanning and the development of cerebral vasospasm: the Fisher grade revisited. Surg Neurol 63:229-234, 2005 (Pubitemid 40278998)
33. Suarez JL, Tarr RW, Selman WR: Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. N Engl J Med 354:387-396, 2006
34. Svensson E, Starmark JE, Ekholm S, von Essen C, Johansson A: Analysis of interobserver disagreement in the assessment of subarachnoid blood and acute hydrocephalus on CT scans. Neurol Res 18:487-494, 1996 (Pubitemid 27009382)
35. Vajkoczy P, Meyer B, Weidauer S, Raabe A, Thome C, Ringel F, et al: Clazosentan (AXV034343), a selective endothelin A receptor antagonist, in the prevention of cerebral vasospasm following severe aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter phase IIa study. J Neurosurg 103:9-17, 2005 (Pubitemid 43193928)
36. van Gijn J, Kerr RS, Rinkel GJ: Subarachnoid hemorrhage. Lancet 369:306-318, 2007
37. van Norden AG, van Dijk GW, van Huizen MD, Algra A, Rinkel GJ: Interobserver agreement and predictive value for outcome of two rating scales for the amount of extravasated blood after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. J Neurol 253:1217-1220, 2006 (Pubitemid 44511481)
38. Yoon DY, Choi CS, Kim KH, Cho BM: Multidetector-row CT angiography of cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: comparison of volume-rendered images and digital subtraction angiography. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 27:370-377, 2006
39. World Federation of Neurological Surgeons Committee: Report of World Federation of Neurological Surgeons committee on a universal subarachnoid hemorrhage grading scale. J Neurosurg 68:985-986, 1988