The EU for Brazil: A partner towards a 'fairer' globalization?

European Foreign Affairs Review

Volumn 12, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 271-285

  Poletti, Arlo ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BOLOGNA   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 51249147926     PISSN: 13846299     EISSN: 18758223     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.54648/eerr2007026     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. B. Ferrero-Waldner, Steering the EU/Brazil-Mercosul Relationship for the Challenges Ahead (2005), Instituto Roberto Simonsen and the Federation of the Industries of the State of Sao Paulo, available at .
2. M.F. Biato, 'Brazil-The European Union: A Rising Global Power?' in M. Ortega (ed.), 'Global Views of the European Union' (2004) Chaillot Paper, No. 72, EU Institute for Security Studies, Paris.
3. A. Ribeiro Hoffmann, 'The Foreign Policy of the European Union towards Mercosur in Historical Perspective' (2002) 4/2 Cena Internacional, pp. 68-86.
4. P.R. de Almeida, 'A política internacional do Partido dos Trabalhadores: da fundação do partido à diplomacia do governo Lula' (2003) 20 Revista de Sociologia e Política, pp. 87-102
5. See also A.C. Vaz, 'Brazilian Foreign Policy under Lula, Change or Continuity?', Briefing Papers, Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, April 2004, available under .
6. A. Klom, 'Mercosur and Brazil: A European Perspective' (2003) 79/2 International Affairs, pp. 351-368.
7. The EU is Brazil's biggest trade, investment and cooperation partner, with total bilateral trade of around EUR35 billion in 2004, absorbing around a quarter of Brazil's exports. Brazil is an important destination of EU investment, whose total stock in the country is close to EUR80 billion. See European Commission, The EU's Relations with Brazil, November 2005, available at .
8. European Commission, The EU's Relations with Mercosur (2005b), available at .
9. On this issue, see, for instance, P. Da Motta Veiga, 'Scenarios for Mercosur's Trade Negotiations' (2002) in P. Giordano (ed.), An Integrated Approach to the European Union-Mercosur Association, Chaire Mercosur de Sciences Po, available at
10. Chaire Mercosur, No Doha Round, No EU-Mercosur Negotiations?, Annual Report 2005-2006, Working Group on the European Union-Mercosur Negotiations
11. A. Valladao and P. Guerrieri, EU-Mercosur Relations and the WTO Doha Round: Common Sectorial Interests and Conflicts (2005), Working Group on EU-Mercosur Negotiations, Chaire Mercosur de Science Po, available at .
12. I. Maag, Brazil's Foreign Economic Policy: South-South, North-South or Both, Briefing Paper, Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, March 2005, available at .
13. P.R. de Almeida, 'Um exercício comparativo de política externa; FHC e Lula em perspectiva', 2004, available at .
14. The data is drawn from M. Lagos (ed.), América Latina & Unión Europea, percepción ciudadana (Focus Eurolatino-Latinobarometro, Chile, 2004). These numbers should be considered as an average result for the 1995-2000 period. The 'level of knowledge of the EU' is measured by asking individuals whether they have heard or read something about the EC/EU.
15. A. Poletti, 'Country Report on Brazil' in Sonia Lucarelli (ed.), The External Image of the European Union. A Preliminary Survey on the Existing Sources, manuscript developed in the framework of the Network of Excellence Global Governance, Regionalisation and Regulation: The Role of the EU - GARNET, November 2006. The study attempted to carry out a quantitative analysis of different EU representations within the Brazilian political community. References to the EU's image from each source (government, political parties, business and labour organizations) have been inserted in one or more of the five categories identified that express different potential articulations of how the EU's image is perceived. In addition, within each category a distinction has been made between positive and negative perceptions. This allowed the researcher to draw some conclusions as to what were relatively the most important fields in which the EU was perceived as a relevant actor. In 51% of cases, the EU's image was perceived as that of a global trade and financial player.
16. L.F. Lampreia, 'Palestra efetuada pelo Ministro de Estado das Relações Exteriores', Embaixador Luiz Felipe Lampreia, por ocasião do Seminário de Informação e Reflexão a propósito da Reunião de Chefes de Estado e de Governo da América Latina e Caribe - União Européia, realizado pelo Ministério das Relações Exteriores e pelo Governo do Estado de São Paulo - 'Diálogo para o Milênio', São Paulo, 9-10 June 1999, São Paulo, available at .
17. L.I. Lula da Silva, 'Encerramento da IV Reunião Plenária do Fórum Empresarial Mercosul União Européia', Hotel Blue Tree, Brasília, DF, 29 October 2003, available at .
18. Confederação Nacional da Indústria, Barreiras externas as exportacoes brasileiras para Estados Unidos, Japao e Uniao Européia (2001), available at .
19. L.F. De Seixas Correia, 'Cúpula América Latina e Caribe-União Européia: uma diplomacia ativa na busca de equilíbrios estratégicos', Globo, 1 June 1999, available at .
20. P. R. de Almeida, 'Uma política externa engajada: a diplomacia do governo Lula' (2004) 47/1 Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional, pp. 163-184.
21. C. Amorim, 'Prioridades são OMC e UE, afirma Amorim', interview with the senior minister of state, Ambassador Celso Amorim, for the newspaper O Estado de S. Paulo, São Paulo, 20 June 2004, available at .
22. Partodos dos Trabalhadores, 'Mercadante: parceira do Mercosul com UE pode se conrapor aos EUA', Noticias, 11 October, website of the Partido dos Trabalhadores, available at .
23. Partodis dos Trabalhadores, 'Queremos uma integracao soberana e digna, diz Lula em Havana', (2001a) Noticias, website of the Partido dos Trabalhadores, available at .
24. J. Genoino, 'A nova politica externa', Oestado do S. Paulo Guadalajara, Mexico, 28 May 2004, available at .
25. F.H. Cardoso, Declaração à Imprensa proferida pelo Senhor Presidente da República, Fernando Henrique Cardoso, e pelo Primeiro-Ministro de Portugal, António Guterres, Brasília, Palácio do Planalto, 5 September 2001, available at .
26. C. Amorim, Discurso proferido pelo Embaixador Celso Amorim por ocasião da Transmissão do Cargo de Ministro de Estado das Relações Exteriores, Brasília, Brasil, 1 January 2003, available at .
27. PMDB, Integra do Proposta de um programma de governo 'Para Mudar o Brasil', 2005 available at .
28. L.F. De Seixas Correia, 'A agenda européia do Brasil e a sua importância', Valor Econômico, 27 June 2000, available at .
29. Frente Trabalhista, Programma de Governo 2002 'O Brasil no mundo: integracao ativa', available at .
30. L.I. Lula da Silva, Discurso do Senhor Presidente da República na Assembléia da República de Portugal, Lisboa, Assembléia da República de Portugal, 11 July 2003, at .
31. C. Amorim, Palestra proferida pelo Ministro Celso Amorim, na London School of Economics, 17 March 2004, at .
32. L.I. Lula da Silva, 'Declaração à imprensa do Presidente da República', por ocasião da visita ao Brasil do Presidente da França, Jacques Chirac Palácio Alvorada, Brasília - DF, 25 May 2006, available at .
33. CUT, 'A politica internacional da CUT', Secretariat of External Relations, 2003, available at .
34. P. Delgado, Secretary for External Relations of PT at the Conference 'A forca progressista na Europa e na America Latina: a agenda da esquerda democratica', 2004, Italy, available at .
35. For an example of this argument, see J.A. Guilhon Albuquerque, 'O Brasil e os chamados blocos regionais' (2002) 16/1 Sau Paulo em Perspectiva, pp. 30-36.
36. For an accurate analysis of the social/solidaristic dimension of European identity, see S. Lucarelli and I. Manners (eds), Values and Principles in European Foreign Policy (Routledge, London and New York, 2006).
37. M. Telò, 'Regional Integration in Europe and in the Americas' in A União Europeia, o Mercosul e os seus parceiros regionais, Cadernos do Forum Euro-Latino-Americano, Instituto de Estudos Estratégicos e Internacionais (IEEI), 2000, p. 29.
38. C. Lafer, 'Discurso do Senhor Embaixador Celso Lafer ', Ministro das Relações Exteriores do Brasil - 'As relações Brasil/União Européia e o novo multilateralismo', Brussels, 15 May 2001, available at .