'Only through enlargement': The new European myth?

European Foreign Affairs Review

Volumn 12, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 183-202

  Giamouridis, Anastasios ^a  

^a House of Commons   (United Kingdom)

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EID: 51249145708     PISSN: 13846299     EISSN: 18758223     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.54648/eerr2007017     Document Type: Review

References (40)

1. European Union, 'Enlargement', available at , accessed 1 August 2006.
2. For example, North African Morocco applied formally to join the European Union in 1987 and, even though rejected, has consistently pursued EU membership since; see W. Wallace, 'From the Atlantic to the Bug, from the Arctic to Tigris? The Transformation of the EU and NATO' (2000) 76/3 International Affairs, pp. 475-493.
3. See H. Grabbe, 'The Effects of EU Enlargement on the Countries Left Outside', The Economist Intelligence Unit Country Forecast: Economies in Transition [2001] pp. 5-14.
4. W. Wallace, 'Looking after the Neighbourhood: Responsibilities for the EU-25', available under , accessed 12 January 2007.
5. See, for example, C. Nas, 'The Current Enlargement Process of the EU and Turkey's Position' (2003) 1/3 FORNET: CFSP Forum, pp. 13-14
6. S. White, I. McAllister and M. Light, 'Enlargement and the New Outsiders' (2002) 40/1 Journal of Common Market Studies, pp. 135-153.
7. See J.H. Weiler, 'A Constitution for Europe? Some Hard Choices' (2002) 40/4 Journal of Common Market Studies, pp. 563-580.
8. For more on these aspects of the enlargement process, see for example C. Hill, 'The Geopolitical Implications of Enlargement' in J. Zielonka (ed.), Europe Unbound: Enlarging and Reshaping the boundaries of the European Union (Routledge, London 2002), pp. 95-116.
9. G. Evans and J. Newham, The Penguin Dictionary of International Relations (Penguin Books, London, 1998), p. 490.
10. K. Waltz, Theory of International Politics (Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1979), p. 126.
11. Only indicatively, Greek investments in the region had surpassed USD6 billion by early 2002, i.e. when the wars in Bosnia and Kosovo were over, relations with FYROM had considerably improved, and Balkan stability had stopped sounding like a contradiction in terms (for more such figures, see 'Survey on Greece', The Economist, 12 October 2002).
12. H. Grabbe, 'The Sharp Edges of Europe: Extending Schengen Eastwards' (2000) 76/3 International Affairs, pp. 519-536.
13. See E. Phillipart and G. Edwards 'The Provisions of Closer Co-operation in the Treaty of Amsterdam: The Politics of Flexibility in the European Union' (1999) 37/1 Journal of Common Market Studies, pp. 87-108.
14. European Commission, Agenda 2000: For a Stronger and Wider EU (Volume 1, CB-CO-97-379-EN-C).
15. European Union, 'European Neighbourhood Policy', available at
16. European Union, 'Kazakhstan', available at , both accessed 1 August 2006.
17. Ibid. On the geopolitical aspects of the ENP, see R. Aliboni 'The Geopolitical Implications of the European Neighbourhood Policy' (2005) 10 EFA Rev., pp. 1-16.
18. European Union, 'The Stabilisation and Association Process', , accessed 1 August 2006.
19. See V. Bilcik, 'Slovakia' in A. Missiroli (ed.), Bigger EU, Wider CFSP, Stronger ESDP: The View from Central Europe, ISS Occasional Paper, No. 34, Paris, pp. 31-35.
20. For a more detailed description of this process, see J. Rollo and A. Smith 'The Political Economy of Eastern European Trade with the European Community: Why So Sensitive' (1993) 16 Economic Policy, pp. 140-181.
21. See P. Bofinger, 'The Political Economy of the Eastern Enlargement of the EU', CEPR Discussion Paper, No. 1234, 1995, pp. 1-50.
22. See R.E. Baldwin, J.F. Francois and R. Portes 'The Costs and Benefits of Eastern Enlargement: The Impact on the EU and Central Europe' (1997) 12, 24 Economic Policy, pp. 127-175.
23. For more details, see G. Evans and J. Newham, The Penguin Dictionary of International Relations (Penguin Books, London, 1998), p. 498.
24. See for example C. Daugbjerk and A. Swinbank, 'The CAP and EU Enlargement: Prospects for an Alternative Strategy to Avoid the Lock-In of CAP Support' (2004) 42/1 Journal of Common Market Studies, pp. 99-119
25. J. Keeler, 'Agricultural Power in the European Community: Explaining the Fate of CAP and GATT Negotiations' (1996) 28/2 Comparative Politics, pp. 127-149.
26. See T. Boeri and H. Brucker, The Impact of Eastern Enlargement on Employment and Labour Markets in the EU Member States (European Integration Consortium, Berlin and Milano, 2000).
27. R. Kagan, Paradise and Power: America and Europe in the New World Order (Atlantic, London, 2003), p. 46.
28. A. Treacher, 'From Civilian Power to Military Actor: The EU's Resistable Transformation' (2004) 9/1 EFA Rev., pp. 49-66.
29. On the normative power of the EU, see I. Manners 'Normative Power Europe: A Contradiction in Terms?' (2002) 40/2 Journal of Common Market Studies, pp. 235-258.
30. European Union, 'Common Foreign and Security Policy', , accessed 1 August 2006.
31. For more details on the Nice Treaty provisions on security and defence cooperation, see R.A. Wessel 'The State of Affairs in EU Security and Defence Policy: The Breakthrough in the Treaty of Nice' (2003) 8/2 Journal of Conflict and Security Law, pp. 265-288.
32. See R. Keane 'European Security and Defence Policy: From Cologne to Sarajevo' (2005) 19/1 Global Society, pp. 89-103.
33. C. Hill 'The Capability-Expectations Gap, or Conceptualising Europe's Foreign Policy' (1993) 31/3 Journal of Common Market Studies, pp. 305-328.
34. The Council of the European Union, 'European Security and Defence Policy', available under , accessed 1 August 2006.
35. For more details on the progress made in this framework, see F. Cameron, 'An Assessment of the Draft European Constitution: CFSP/ESDP Provisions' (2003) 1/3 FORNET: CFSP Forum, pp. 15-17
36. D. Thym, 'Reforming Europe's Common Foreign and Security Policy' (2004) 10/1 European Law Journal, pp. 5-22.
37. On the importance of the provisions concerning the proposed 'European External Action Service' and the 'EU Foreign Affairs Minister', see S. Duke 'The European External Action Service: A Diplomatic Service in the Making' and Sir Brian Crowe 'The Significance of the New European Foreign Minister' respectively, both at (2004) 2/4 CFSP Forum.
38. See S. Economides, 'Enlargement and Southeastern Europe: Will There Be a "Next Round"?' (2003) 1/3 FORNET: CFSP Forum, pp. 11-12
39. Commission of the European Communities, Turkey 2006 Progress Report, SEC (2006) 1390 respectively.
40. See N. Nugent 'EU Enlargement and the "Cyprus Problem"' (2000) 38/1 Journal of Common Market Studies, pp. 131-150.