The configuration of symbolic boundaries against immigrants in Europe

American Sociological Review

Volumn 73, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 37-59

  Bail, Christopher A ^a  

^a HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EUROPEAN IMMIGRANT; FUZZY MATHEMATICS; HYPOTHESIS TESTING; IMMIGRATION;

EURASIA; EUROPE;

EID: 51249129040     PISSN: 00031224     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/000312240807300103     Document Type: Article

References (91)

1. Abbott, Andrew. 1995. "Things of Boundaries." Social Research 62:857-82.
2. Alba, Richard. 2005. "Bright vs. Blurred Boundaries: Second-Generation Assimilation and Exclusion in France, Germany, and the United States." Ethnic and Racial Studies 28:20-49.
3. Allport, Gordon. 1958. The Nature of Prejudice. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
4. Apap, Joanna. 1997. "Citizenship Rights and Migration Policies: The Case of Maghredbi Migrants in Italy and Spain." Pp. 138-57 in Southern Europe and the New Immigrations, edited by R. King and R. Black. Portland, OR: Sussex Academic Publishers.
5. Baganha, Maria Ioannis, ed. 1997. Immigration in Southern Europe. Oeiras, Portugal: Celta Editora Lda.
6. Barth, Fredrik. 1969. Ethnic Groups and Boundaries: The Social Organization of Cultural Difference. London, UK: George Allen and Unwin.
7. Bauböck, Rainer and John Rundell, eds. 1998. Blurred Boundaries: Migration, Ethnicity, and Citizenship. Brookfield, CT: Ashgate.
8. Beaud, Stéphane and Michel Pialoux. 2003. Violences Urbaines, Violence Sociale. Paris: Fayard.
9. Bezdek, J. C. and N. R. Pal. 1995. "On Cluster Validity for the Fuzzy C-means Model." IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems 3:370-79.
10. Bleich, Erik. 2003. Race Politics in Britain and France. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
11. Blumer, Herbert. 1958. "Race Prejudice as a Sense of Group Position." Pacific Sociological Review 1:3-7.
12. Bovenkerk, Frank, Robert Miles, and Gilles Verbunt. 1990. "Racism, Migration and the State in Western Europe: A Case for Comparative Analysis." International Sociology 5:475-90.
13. Brochmann, Grete. 1996. European Integration and Immigration from Third Countries. Oslo: Scandinavian University Press.
14. Brubaker, Rogers. 1992. Citizenship and Nationhood in France and Germany. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
15. Brubaker, Rogers. 1996. Nationalism Reframed: Nationhood and the National Question in the New Europe. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
16. Brubaker, Rogers. 2001. "The Return of Assimilation? Changing Perspectives on Immigration and its Sequels in France, Germany, and the United States." Ethnic and Racial Studies 24:531-48.
17. Brubaker, Rogers, Margit Feischmidt, Jon Fox, and Liana Grancea. 2006. Nationalist Politics and Everyday Ethnicity in a Transylvanian Town. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
18. Bryson, Bethany. 2006. Making Multiculturalism: Boundaries and Meaning in U.S. English Departments. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
19. Calhoun, Craig. 1993. "Nationalism and Ethnicity." Annual Review of Sociology 19:211-39.
20. Carrera, Sergio. 2006. "A Comparison of Integration Programmes in the EU: Trends and Weaknesses." Challenge Papers, Sixth EU Framework Programme.
21. Castles, Stephen and Mark Miller. 2003. The Age of Migrations: International Population Movement in the Modern World. 3rd ed. London, UK: MacMillan.
22. Cesari, Jocelyne and Sean McLoughlin, eds. 2005. European Muslims and the Secular State. London, UK: Ashgate.
23. Crul, Maurice and Hans Vermeulen. 2003. "The Second Generation in Europe." International Migration Review 4:956-86.
24. Diehl, Claudia and Rainer Schnell. 2006. "'Reactive Ethnicity' or 'Assimilation'? Statements, Arguments, and First Empirical Evidence for Labor Migrants in Germany." International Migration Review 40:786-816.
25. Dimitriadou, Evgenia, Kurt Hornik, Friedrich Leisch, David Meyer, and Andreas Weingessel. 2006. "Miscellaneous Functions of the Department of Statistics for the R Software (e1071), TU Wien." Retrieved September 24, 2007 (http://cran.r-project.org/src/contrib/ Descriptions/e1071.html).
26. Douglas, Mary. 1966. Purity and Danger: An Analysis of the Concepts of Pollution and Taboo. London, UK: Routledge.
27. Eliasoph, Nina and Paul Lichterman. 2003. "Culture in Interaction." American Journal of Sociology 108:735-94.
28. European Parliament. 2005. "A Common Agenda for Integration: Framework for the Integration of Third-Country Nationals in the European Union." Edited by European Parliament Communication from the Commission to the Council: The Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions.
29. Favell, Adrian. 2001. Philosophies of Integration: Immigration and the Idea of Citizenship in France and Britain. 2nd ed. New York: Palgrave.
30. Fetzer, Joel S. 2000. Public Attitudes toward Immigration in the United States, France, and Germany. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
31. Fetzer, Joel S. and J. Christopher Soper. 2004. Muslims and the State in Britain, France, and Germany. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
32. Garner, Steve. 2003. Racism in the Irish Experience. London, UK: Pluto Press.
33. Geddes, Andrew and Adrian Favell, eds. 1999. The Politics of Belonging: Migrants and Minorities in Contemporary Europe. Brookfield, CT: Ashgate.
34. Geddes, Andrew, Jan Niessen, Alex Balch, Claire Bullen, and María José Peiro. 2005. European Civic Citizenship and Inclusion Index. Brussels, Belgium: British Council Brussels.
35. Gellner, Ernest. 1983. Nations and Nationalism. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
36. Goldberg, David Theo. 2006. "Racial Europeanization." Ethnic and Racial Studies 29:331-64.
37. Greenfeld, Liah. 1992. Nationalism: Five Roads to Modernity. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
38. Ireland, Patrick R. 1994. The Policy Challenge of Ethnic Diversity: Immigrant Politics in France and Switzerland. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
39. Janmaat, Jan Germen. 2006. "Popular Conceptions of Nationhood in Old and New European Member States: Partial Support for the Ethnic-Civic Framework." Ethnic and Racial Studies 29:50-78.
40. Jenkins, Richard. 1996. Social Identity. London, UK: Routledge.
41. Joppke, Christian. 2005. "Exclusion in the Liberal State: The Case of Immigration and Citizenship Policy." European Journal of Social Theory 8:43-61.
42. Kastoryano, Riva. 2002. Negotiating Identities: States and Immigrants in France and Germany. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
43. Kastoryano, Riva. 2004. "Religion and Incorporation: Islam in France and Germany." International Migration Review 38:1234-55.
44. Kiprianos, Pandelis, Stathis Balias, and Vaggelis Passas. 2003. "Greek Policy towards Immigration and Immigrants." Social Policy & Administration 37:148-64.
45. Koenig, Matthias. 2004. "Offentliche Konflikte um die Inkorporation muslimischer Minderheiten in Westeuropa: Analytische und komparative Perspektiven." Journal fur Konflikt und Gewaltforschung 6:85-101.
46. Kuzio, Taras. 2002. "The Myth of the Civic State: A Critical Survey of Hans Kohn's Framework for Understanding Nationalism." Ethnic and Racial Studies 25:20-39.
47. Kymlicka, Will. 1999. "Misunderstanding Nationalism." Pp. 131-40 in Theorizing Nationalism, edited by R. Beiner. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
48. Lamont, Michèle. 1992. Money, Morals, & Manners: The Culture of the French and American Upper-Middle Class. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.
49. Lamont, Michèle. 2000. The Dignity of Working Men: Morality and the Boundaries of Race, Class, and Immigration. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
50. Lamont, Michèle and Virág Molnár. 2002. "The Study of Boundaries in the Social Sciences." Annual Review of Sociology 28:167-95.
51. Lapeyronnie, Didier. 1993. L'Individu et les minorités: La France et la Grande-Bretagne face à leurs immigrés. Paris: PUF.
52. Lazaridis, Gabriella and Iordanis Psimmenos. 2000. "Migrant Flows from Albania to Greece: Economic, Social, and Spatial Exclusion." Pp. 170-85 in Eldorado or Fortress? Migration in Southern Europe, edited by R. King, G. Lazaridis, and C. Tsardanidis. London, UK: MacMillan.
53. Lentin, Alana. 2004. Racism and Anti-Racism in Europe. Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Press.
54. Medrano, Juan Diez. 2005. "Nation, Citizenship and Immigration in Contemporary Spain." International Journal on Multicultural Societies 7:133-56.
55. Mendoza, Cristóbal. 2001. "Cultural Dimensions of African Immigrants in Iberian Labour Markets: A Comparative Approach." Pp. 41-65 in The Mediterranean Passage: Migration and New Cultural Encounters in Southern Europe, edited by R. King. Liverpool, UK: Liverpool University Press.
56. Muro, Diego and Alejandro Quiroga. 2005. "Spanish Nationalism: Ethnic or Civic?" Ethnicities 5:9-29.
57. Nowicka, Ewa. 2006. "Identity and Socio-cultural Capital: Duality of Transnational People in Poland." Ethnic and Racial Studies 29:1072-86.
58. Nyíri, Pál. 2003. Xenophobia in Hungary: A Regional Comparison. Budapest: Center for Policy Studies, Central European University.
59. Nyíri, Pál. 2005. "Global Modernisers or Local Subalterns? Parallel Perceptions of Chinese Transnationals in Hungary." Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 31:659-74.
60. Phalet, Karen and Antal Örkény, eds. 2001. Ethnic Minorities and Inter-Ethnic Relations in Context. Utrecht: ERCOMER.
61. Quillian, Lincoln. 1995. "Prejudice as a Response to Perceived Group Threat: Population Composition and Anti-Immigrant and Racial Prejudice in Europe." American Sociological Review 60:586-611.
62. Ragin, Charles C. 2000. Fuzzy-Set Social Science. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
63. Ragin, Charles C. 2006. "Set Relations in Social Research: Evaluating Their Consistency and Coverage." Political Analysis 14:291-310.
64. Ragin, Charles C. Forthcoming. "Calibration Versus Measurement." Methodology: Oxford Handbooks of Political Science, edited by D. Collier, H. Brady, and J. M. Box-Steffensmeier. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
65. Rath, Jan, Rinus Penninx, Kees Groenendijk, and Astrid Meyer. 2001. Western Europe and its Islam: The Social Reaction to the Institutionalization of a 'New' Religion in the Netherlands, Belgium, and the United Kingdom. Boston, MA: Brill.
66. Runbolm, Harald. 1994. "Swedish Multiculturalism in a Comparative European Perspective." Sociological Forum 9:623-40.
67. Rydgren, Jens. 2003. "Meso-level Reasons for Racism and Xenophobia: Some Converging and Diverging Effects of Radical Right Populism in France and Sweden." European Journal of Social Theory 6:45-68.
68. Sackmann, Rosemarie, Bernhard Peters, and Thomas Faist. 2003. Identity and Integration: Migrants in Western Europe. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate.
69. Silberman, Roxanne, Richard Alba, and Irène Fournier. 2007. "Segmented Assimilation in France? Discrimination in the Labour Market against the Second Generation." Ethnic and Racial Studies 30:1-27.
70. Sniderman, Paul M., Pierangelo Peri, Rui de Figuerido, and Thomas Piazza. 2000. The Outsider: Prejudice and Politics in Italy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
71. Soysal, Yasemin. 1994. Limits of Citizenship: Migrants and Postnational Membership in Europe. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
72. Stolcke, Verena. 1995. "Talking Culture: New Boundaries, New Rhetorics of Exclusion in Europe." Current Anthropology 36:1-24.
73. Szoke, Laszlo. 1992. "Hungarian Perspectives on Emigration and Immigration in the New European Architecture." International Migration Review 26:305-23.
74. Tägil, Sven. 1995. Ethnicity and Nation Building in the Nordic World. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press.
75. Taguieff, P. A. 1991. Face au Racisme. Paris: La Decouverte.
76. Tajfel, Henri. 1981. Human Groups and Social Categories: Studies in Social Psychology. New York: Cambridge University Press.
77. Tissot, Sylvie. 2007. L'Etat et les quartiers: Genèse d'une catégorie de l'action publique. Paris: Seuil.
78. Todd, Emmanuel. 1994. Le Destin des immigrés: Assimilation et segregation dans les démocraties occidentales. Paris: Editions du seuil.
79. Triandafyllidou, Anna. 2001. Immigrants and National Identity in Europe. New York: Routledge.
80. Vasta, Ellie. 1993. "Rights and Racism in a New Country of Immigration: The Italian Case." Pp. 83-98 in Racism and Migration in Western Europe, edited by J. Solomos and J. Wrench. Oxford, UK: Berg.
81. Wallace, Claire. 2002. "Opening and Closing Borders: Migration and Mobility in East-Central Europe." Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 28:603-25.
82. Weil, Patrick. 2002. Qu'est-ce qu'un Français? Histoire de la nationalité française depuis la Révolution. Paris: Grasset.
83. Weldon, Steven A. 2006. "The Institutional Context of Tolerance for Ethnic Minorities: A Comparative, Multilevel Analysis of Western Europe." American Journal of Political Science 50:331-49
84. Wieviorka, Michel, ed. 1994. Racisme et xénophobie en Europe: Une comparaison internationale. Paris: Editions La Découverte.
85. Wieviorka, M., P. Bataille, D. Jacquin, D. Martucelli, A. Peralva, and P. Zawadski. 1992. La France Raciste. Paris: Le Seuil.
86. Wimmer, Andreas. 2002. Nationalist Exclusion and Ethnic Conflicts: Shadows of Modernity. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
87. Wimmer, Andreas. 2005. "Elementary Forms of Ethnic Boundary Making: A Processual and Interactionist Approach." Department of Sociology, University of California-Los Angeles. Unpublished manuscript.
88. Wrench, John and John Solomos, eds. 1993. Racism and Migration in Western Europe. Oxford, UK: Berg.
89. Zapata-Barrero, Ricard. 2003. "Spanish Challenges and European Dilemma: Socialising the Debate on the Integration of Immigrants." Perspectives on European Politics and Society 4:243-64
90. Zolberg, Aristide R. and Woon Litt Long. 1999. "Why Islam is Like Spanish: Cultural Incorporation in Europe and the United States." Politics and Society 27:5-38.
91. Zølner, Mette. 2000. Re-Imaging the Nation: Debates on Immigrants, Identities and Memories. Brussels: Peter Lang.