Imperialism, domination, culture: The continued relevance of critical geopolitics

Geopolitics

Volumn 13, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 413-436

  Dalby, Simon ^a  

^a CARLETON UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CRITICAL ANALYSIS; CULTURE; FOREIGN POLICY; GEOPOLITICS; GLOBALIZATION; IMPERIALISM; INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS; POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY; POLITICAL POWER; POST-COLD WAR; TERRORISM;

ASIA; EURASIA; IRAQ; MIDDLE EAST; NORTH AMERICA; UNITED STATES;

EID: 51249098705     PISSN: 14650045     EISSN: 15573028     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/14650040802203679     Document Type: Article

References (137)

1. Derek Gregory, The Colonial Present: Afghanistan, Palestine, Iraq (Oxford: Blackwell 2004) p. 262.
2. Slogan on placards used by demonstrators in many places at protests against the imminent American invasion of Iraq early in 2003.
3. Yves Lacoste, http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yves_Lacoste.
4. Gearóid Ó Tuathail, 'The Language and Nature of the "New Geopolitics" - The Case of US-El Salvador Relations' Political Geography Quarterly 5/1 (1986) p. 73.
5. As in David Pepper and Alan Jenkins (eds.), The Geography of Peace and War (Oxford: Basil Blackwell 1985)
6. R. J. Johnston and P. J. Taylor (eds.), A World in Crisis? Geographical Perspectives (Oxford: Basil Blackwell 1986, 1989)
7. Nurit Kliot and Stanley Waterman (eds.), The Political Geography of Conflict and Peace (London: Belhaven 1991).
8. Stanley D. Brunn (ed.), 11 September and its Aftermath: The Geopolitics of Terror (London: Frank Cass 2004)
9. Stephen Graham (ed.), Cities, War and Terrorism: Towards and Urban Geopolitics (Oxford: Blackwell 2004)
10. Colin Flint (ed.), The Geography of War and Peace: From Death Camps to Diplomats (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2005)
11. Derek Gregory and Allan Pred (eds.), Violent Geographies: Fear, Terror and Political Violence (New York: Routledge 2007).
12. See in detail James Mann, Rise of the Vulcans: The History of Bush's War Cabinet (New York: Viking 2004)
13. Stefan Halper and Jonathon Clarke, America Alone: The Neo-Conservatives and the Global Order (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2004)
14. Gary Dorrien, Imperial Designs: Neoconservatism and the New Pax Americana (New York: Routledge 2004).
15. See for instance the breadth of contributions in Gearóid Ó Tuathail and Simon Dalby (eds.), Rethinking Geopolitics (London: Routledge, 1998)
16. Klaus Dodds and David Atkinson (eds.), Geopolitical Traditions: A Century of Geopolitical Thought (London: Routledge 2000).
17. Matthew Sparke, 'Geopolitical Fears, Geoeconomic Hope and the Responsibilities of Geography', Annals of the Association of American Geographers 97/2 (2007) pp. 338-349.
18. John Agnew, Hegemony: The New Shape of Global Power (Philadelphia: Temple University Press 2005).
19. Mary Kaldor, New and Old Wars 2nd ed. (Stanford: Stanford University Press 2007).
20. See Simon Dalby, 'Warrior Geopolitics: Gladiator, Black Hawk Down and The Kingdom of Heaven,' Political Geography 27/4 (2008) pp. 439-455.
21. Matt Sparke, 'Geopolitical Fears' (note 9)
22. Matthew Sparke, In the Space of Theory: Post-Foundational Theories of the Nation State (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press 2005)
23. Simon Dalby, 'Regions, Strategies, and Empire in the Global War on Terror', Geopolitics 12/4 (2007) pp. 586-606.
24. On the first decade see Klaus Dodds, 'Political Geography III: Critical Geopolitics after Ten Years', Progress in Human Geography 25/3 (2001) pp. 469-484.
25. R. B. J. Walker, 'Contemporary Militarism and the Discourse of Dissent', Alternatives 9/3 (Winter 1983-1984) pp. 303-322,
26. reprinted in R. B. J. Walker (ed.), Culture, Ideology, and World Order (Boulder: Westview 1984) pp. 302-322.
27. Ó Tuathail, 'The Language and Nature of the "New Geopolitics"' (note 4) p. 83
28. Ibid., p. 84,
29. citing Halford J. Mackinder, 'The Geographical Pivot of History', The Geographical Journal 23 (1904).
30. Gearóid Ó Tuathail, Critical Geopolitics: The Politics of Writing Global Space (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press 1996).
31. Gearóid Ó Tuathail, 'Geopolitical Structures and Cultures: Towards Conceptual Clarity in the Critical Study of Geopolitics', in Lasha Tchantouridze (ed.), Geopolitics: Global Problems and Regional Concerns (Winnipeg: Centre for Defence and Security Studies 2004) pp. 75-102;
32. Gearóid Ó Tuathail, 'General Introduction: Thinking Critically about Geopolitics', in Gearóid Ó Tuathail, Simon Dalby, and Paul Routledge (eds.), The Geopolitics Reader, 2nd ed. (London: Routledge 2006) pp. 1-14;
33. See also Simon Dalby, 'Geopolitics and Global Security: Culture, Identity and the "Pogo Syndrome"', in Gearóid Ó Tuathail and Simon Dalby (eds.), Rethinking Geopolitics (London: Routledge 1998) pp. 295-313.
34. Ó Tuathail, Critical Geopolitics (note 18)
35. J. Sharp, Condensing the Cold War: Reader's Digest and American Identity (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press 2000)
36. J. Sharp, 'Remasculinizing Geo-Politics? Comments on Gearóid Ó Tuathail's Critical Geopolitics', Political Geography 19/3 (2000) pp. 361-364;
37. M. Sparke, 'Graphing the Geo in Geo-Political: Critical Geopolitics and the Revisioning of Responsibility', Political Geography 19/3 (2000) pp. 373-380
38. G. Ó Tuathail, 'Dis/placing the Geo-Politics Which One Cannot Not Want', Political Geography 19/3 (2000) pp. 385-396;
39. G. Ó Tuathail, 'Condensing Critical Geopolitics: Reflections on Joanne Sharp's Condensing the Cold War: Reader's Digest and American Identity', Geopolitics 8/2 (2003) pp. 159-165;
40. J. Sharp, 'Indigestible Geopolitics: The Many Readings of the Digest', Geopolitics 8/2 (2003) pp. 197-206.
41. James Der Derian and M. J. Shapiro (eds.), International/Intertextual Relations: Post Modern Readings of World Politics (Toronto: Lexington Books 1989)
42. David Campbell, Writing Security: United States Foreign Policy and the Politics of Identity (Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press 1992)
43. R. B. J. Walker, Inside/Outside: International Relations as Political Theory (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1993).
44. Gearóid Ó Tuathail and John Agnew, 'Geopolitics and Discourse: Practical Geopolitical Reasoning in American Foreign Policy', Political Geography 11/2 (1992) pp. 190-204.
45. Edward Said, Orientalism (New York: Vintage 1979).
46. Simon Dalby, 'Geopolitical Discourse: The Soviet Union as Other', Alternatives: Social Transformation and Humane Governance 13/4 (1988) pp. 415-442;
47. Simon Dalby, Creating the Second Cold War: The Discourse of Politics (London: Pinter, and New York: Guilford 1990).
48. Gregory, The Colonial Present (note 1).
49. Hugh Gusterson, 'Realism and the International Order After the Cold War', Social Research 60 (1993) pp. 279-300, at 279.
50. Francis Fukuyama, 'The End of History', The National Interest 16 (1989) pp. 3-18;
51. Edward Luttwak, 'From Geopolitics to Geo-Economics: Logic of Conflict, Grammar of Commerce', The National Interest 20 (1990) pp. 17-23;
52. Samuel Huntington, 'The Clash of Civilizations', Foreign Affairs 72 (1993) pp. 22-49.
53. J. O'Loughlin and H. Heske, 'From "Geopolitik" to "Geopolitique": Converting a Discipline for War to a Discipline for Peace', in N. Kliot and S. Waterman (eds.), The Political Geography of War and Peace (London: Pinter 1991) pp. 37-59.
54. J. S. Nye, Jr., Bound to Lead: The Changing Nature of American Power (New York: Basic 1990)
55. N. X. Rizopoulos (ed.), Sea Changes: American Foreign Policy in a World Transformed (New York: Council on Foreign Relations 1990).
56. Simon Dalby, 'Reading Rio, Writing the World: The New York Times and the "Earth Summit"', Political Geography 15/6&7 (1996) pp. 593-614.
57. T. L. Deibel, 'Strategies Before Containment: Patterns of the Future', International Security 16/4 (1992) pp. 79-108.
58. C. Krauthammer, 'The Unipolar Moment', in G. Allison and G. F. Treverton (eds.), Rethinking America's Security: Beyond the Cold War to a New World Order (New York: Norton 1992) pp. 295-306.
59. Ken Booth (ed.), New Thinking About Strategy and International Security (London: Harper and Collins 1991)
60. M. T. Klare and D. C. Thomas (eds.), World Security: Trends and Challenges at Century's End (New York: St. Martins 1991).
61. J. Agnew and S. Corbridge, 'The New Geopolitics: The Dynamics of Geopolitical Disorder', in R. J. Johnston and P. J. Taylor (eds.), A World in Crisis? Geographical Perspectives (London: Basil Blackwell 1989).
62. Gearóid Ó Tuathail, 'Japan as Threat: Geo-Economic Discourses on the U.S. Japan Relationship in U.S. Civil Society, 1987-1991', in C. Williams (ed.), The Political Geography of the New World Order (London: Belhaven 1993) pp. 181-209.
63. Stephen van Evera, 'Why Europe Matters, Why the Third World Doesn't: American Grand Strategy after the Cold War', Journal of Strategic Studies 13/2 (1990) pp. 1-51.
64. V. M. Hudson, R. E. Ford, D. Pack with E. R. Giordano, 'Why the Third World Matters, Why Europe Probably Won't: The Geoeconomics of Circumscribed Engagement', Journal of Strategic Studies 14/3 (1991) pp. 255-298.
65. Paul Kennedy, The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers (New York: Random House 1987).
66. Tom Clancy, The Hunt for Red October (Annapolis: Naval Institute Press 1984)
67. Red Storm Rising (New York: Putnam 1986)
68. Patriot Games (New York: Putnam 1987)
69. The Cardinal in the Kremlin (New York: Putnam 1988)
70. Clear and Present Danger (New York: Putnam 1989)
71. The Sum of All Fears (New York: Putnam, 1991).
72. Cynthia Enloe, The Morning After: Sexual Politics at the End of the Cold War (Berkeley: University of California Press 1993).
73. Department of Defense, Defense Planning Guidance for the Fiscal Years 1994-1999, (Washington: Department of Defense 1992).
74. The history of these themes and their subsequent re-emergence in the Bush doctrine is recounted in Simon Dalby, 'The Geopolitical and Strategic Dimensions of U.S. Hegemony under George W. Bush', in Charles Philippe David and David Grondin (eds.), Hegemony or Empire?: The Redefinition of American Power under George W. Bush (Aldershot: Ashgate 2006) pp. 33-49.
75. H. G. Summers, On Strategy II: A Critical Analysis of the Gulf War (New York: Dell 1992).
76. H. K. Ullman and J. P. Wade, Shock and Awe: Achieving Rapid Dominance (National Defence University Press 1996)
77. Wesley Clark, Waging Modern War: Bosnia, Kosovo and the Future of Combat (New York: Public Affairs 2001).
78. Douglas A. Macgregor, Breaking the Phalanx: A New Design for Landpower in the 21st Century (Westport, CT: Praeger 1997).
79. Robert Chase, Emily Hill, and Paul Kennedy, 'Pivotal States and U.S. Strategy', Foreign Affairs 75/1 (1996) pp. 33-35;
80. Robert Chase, Emily Hill, and Paul Kennedy (eds.), The Pivotal States: A New Framework for U.S. Policy in the Developing World (New York: Norton 1999)
81. Daniel Esty et al., 'State Failure Task Force Report: Phase II Findings', Woodrow Wilson Center Environmental Change and Security Project Report 5 (1999) pp. 49-72.
82. Gearóid Ó Tuathail and T. W. Luke, 'Present at the (Dis)integration: Deterritorialization and Reterritorialization in the New Wor(l)d Order', Annals of the Association of American Geographers 84/3 (1994) pp. 381-398.
83. William Kristol and Robert Kagan, 'Toward a neo-Reaganite Foreign Policy', Foreign Affairs 75/4 (1996) pp. 18-32.
84. Rebuilding America's Defenses: Strategy, Forces and Resources For a New Century (Washington: The Project for the New American Century 2000).
85. Robert Kagan and William Kristol (eds.), Present Dangers: Crisis and Opportunity in American Foreign and Defense Policy (San Francisco: Encounter Books 2000).
86. Niall Ferguson, Empire (New York: Basic 2003)
87. Andrew Bacevich, American Empire (Harvard University Press 2002)
88. Chalmers Johnston, Sorrows of Empire (New York: Holt 2004).
89. M. T. Klare, Blood and Oil: The Dangers and Consequences of America's Growing Dependency on Imported Petroleum (New York: Metropolitan Books 2004)
90. Andrew Bacevich, The New American Militarism: How Americans are Seduced by War (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2005).
91. Dalby, 'Regions, Strategies, and Empire' (note 13).
92. G. Falah (ed.), 'Forum on the War on Iraq', Arab World Geographer 6/1 (2003) pp. 1-60.
93. Mary Kaldor, The Imaginary War: Understanding East-West Conflict (Oxford: Blackwell 1990).
94. Thomas P. M. Barnett, 'The Pentagon's New Map', Esquire (March 2003) pp. 174-179, available at .
95. The theme of Robert Fisk's book The Great War for Civilisation: The Conquest of the Middle East (London: Harper Perennial 2006).
96. Dalby, 'Regions, Strategies, and Empire' (note 13)
97. Quadrennial Defense Review Report (Washington: Department of Defense, Feb. 2006).
98. Edward Luttwak, The Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire From the First Century AD to the Third (Baltimore MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press 1976).
99. Arthur Herman, To Rule the Waves: How the British Navy Shaped the Modern World (New York: Harper Collins 2004).
100. See Tim Kane, Global U.S. Troop Deployment, 1950-2003 (Washington: Heritage Foundation Center for Data Analysis Report #04-11, 2004), available at .
101. See Tim Bunnell, Hamzah Muzaini, and James Sidaway, 'Global City Frontiers: Singapore's Hinterland and the Contested Socio-political Geographies of Bintan, Indonesia', International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 30/1 (2006) pp. 3-22.
102. Chalmers Johnston, Nemesis: The Last Days of the American Republic (New York: Metropolitan 2007)
103. See William Langewiesche, 'Peace is Hell', Atlantic Monthly (Oct. 2001) pp. 51-80.
104. Mark Gillem, America Town: Building the Outposts of Empire (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press 2007).
105. Chalmers Johnston, 'America's Empire of Bases', TomDispatch.com (15 Jan. 2004).
106. See also 'U.S. Military Bases and Empire', Monthly Review 53/10 (2002) pp. 1-14.
107. Michael Ignatieff, Empire Lite: Nation-Building in Bosnia, Kosovo and Afghanistan (New York: Viking 2003).
108. The National Security Strategy of the United States of America 2006 (Washington: The White House, Feb. 2006)
109. Quadrennial Defense Review (note 57).
110. See Simon Dalby, 'Geopolitics after the Cold War: Rethinking the Theme of Empire', in Lasha Tchantouridze (ed.), Geopolitics: Global Problems and Regional Concerns (Winnipeg: Centre for Defence and Security Studies 2004) pp. 103-119.
111. Alain Joxe, Empire of Disorder (New York: Semiotexte 2002).
112. Ibid., p. 81.
113. Barnett, The Pentagon's New Map (note 55)
114. Thomas P. M. Barnett, Blueprint for Action: A Future Worth Creating (New York: Putnam's 2005).
115. Barnett, The Pentagon's New Map (note 55) p. 355.
116. For a detailed critique see Simon Dalby, 'The Pentagon's New Imperial Cartography: Tabloid Realism and the War on Terror', in Derek Gregory and Allan Pred (eds.), Violent Geographies: Fear, Terror and Political Violence (New York: Routledge 2007) pp. 295-308.
117. See Susan Roberts, Anna Secor, and Matthew Sparke, 'Neoliberal Geopolitics', Antipode 35. (2003) pp. 886-897.
118. Philippe le Billon, 'The Geopolitical Economy of Resource Wars', Geopolitics 9/1 (2004) pp. 1-28.
119. Ian Bannon and Paul Collier (eds.), Natural Resources and Violent Conflict: Options and Actions (Washington: The World Bank 2003).
120. Michael Watts, 'Antinomies of Community: Some Thoughts on Geography, Resources and Empire', Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers NS 29 (2004) pp. 195-216.
121. Agnew, Hegemony (note 10).
122. John O'Loughlin, 'The Political Geography of Conflict: Civil Wars in the Hegemonic Shadow', in Colin Flint (ed.), The Geography of War and Peace (Oxford: Blackwell 2005) pp. 85-110.
123. These connections which are especially clear to environmental critics of the commodity flows that keep globalised consumption moving; see Richard Tucker, Insatiable Appetite: The United States and the Degradation of the Tropical World (Rowman and Littlefield 2007).
124. David Harvey, The New Imperialism (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2003) p. 19.
125. Shimshon Bichler and Jonathan Nitzan, 'Dominant Capital and New Wars', Journal of World Systems Research 10/2 (2004) pp. 255-327.
126. Kennedy, The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers (note 38).
127. Thomas E. Ricks, Fiasco: The American Military Adventure in Iraq (New York: Penguin 2006).
128. Walker, 'Discourse of Dissent' (note 15).
129. A case made in detail prior to 9/11 in Simon Dalby, Environmental Security (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press 2002).
130. Gregory, The Colonial Present (note 1).
131. Tom Clancy, The Teeth of the Tiger (New York: Putnam 2003).
132. Tristan Sturm, 'Prophetic Eyes: The Theatricality of Mark Hitchcock's Premillennial Geopolitics', Geopolitics 11 (2006) pp. 231-255.
133. More generally on the importance of religion in scripting current foreign policy see Nick Megoran, 'God On Our Side? The Church of England and the Geopolitics of Mourning 9/11', Geopolitics 11 (2006) pp. 561-579.
134. Joel C. Rosenberg, The Ezekiel Option (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale 2005).
135. Michael Northcott, An Angel Directs the Storm; Apocalyptic Religion and American Empire (London: I.B. Tauris 2004).
136. Miguel deLarrinaga, Alterity, Social Order, and the Meaning(s) of Security, unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Ottawa, Canada, 2002.
137. John Dart, 'Up against Caesar: Jesus and Paul versus the Empire', Christian Century (8 Feb. 2005) pp. 20-24.