The risk of stroke within a week of minor stroke or transient ischemic attack

Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy

Volumn 9, Issue 12, 2008, Pages 2069-2076

  Sanossian, Nerses ^a   Ovbiagele, Bruce ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Prevention; Recurrence; Stroke; Transient ischemic attack

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID PLUS DIPYRIDAMOLE; ANTICOAGULANT AGENT; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT; ANTITHROMBOCYTIC AGENT; CLOPIDOGREL; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; HEPARIN; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; INDAPAMIDE; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; PERINDOPRIL; SIMVASTATIN; THIAZIDE DIURETIC AGENT;

AGE; BRAIN DAMAGE; CAROTID ARTERY OBSTRUCTION; CAROTID ENDARTERECTOMY; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; CLINICAL TRIAL; COMBINATION CHEMOTHERAPY; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; DRUG EFFICACY; ECHOGRAPHY; HEART ATRIUM FIBRILLATION; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; INCIDENCE; LOADING DRUG DOSE; MEDLINE; MONOTHERAPY; MOTOR DYSFUNCTION; NEUROIMAGING; RECURRENCE RISK; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; SECONDARY PREVENTION; SPEECH DISORDER; TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK;

ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENTS; CEREBRAL ANGIOGRAPHY; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; EARLY DIAGNOSIS; EMERGENCY TREATMENT; ENDARTERECTOMY, CAROTID; HUMANS; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL-COA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS; ISCHEMIC ATTACK, TRANSIENT; PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITORS; RECURRENCE; RISK FACTORS; STROKE; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 50949122429     PISSN: 14656566     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1517/14656566.9.12.2069     Document Type: Review

References (41)

1. American Heart Association. 2004 Heart and stroke statistical update. Dallas, Texas. Available from: http-//www.americanheart.org/statistics/ index.hmtl [Last accessed on 20 November 2004]
2. NINDS rt-PA Stroke Group. Tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 1995;333:1581-7
3. Nilasena D, Kresowik, TF, Wiblin RT, et al. Assessing patterns of t-PA use in acute stroke. Stroke 2002;33:354
4. Coutts SB, Simon JE, Eliasziw M, et al. Triaging transient ischemic attack and minor stroke patients using acute magnetic resonance imaging. Ann Neurol 2005;57:848-54
5. Hankey GJ. Long-term outcome after ischaemic stroke/transient ischaemic attack. Cerebrovasc Dis 2003; 16(Suppl 1): 14-9
6. Sacco RL, Shi T, Zamanillo MC, Kargman DE. Predictors of mortality and recurrence after hospitalized cerebral infarction in an urban community: the Northern Manhattan Stroke Study. Neurology 1994;44:626-34
7. Johnston SC, Rothwell PM, Nguyen-Huynh MN, et al. Validation and refinement of scores to predict very early stroke risk after transient ischaemic attack. ancet 2007;369:283-92
8. Rothwell PM, Giles MF, Chandratheva A, et al. Effect of urgent treatment of transient ischaemic attack and minor stroke on early recurrent stroke (EXPRESS study): a prospective population-based sequential comparison. Lancet 2007;370:1432-42
9. Ovbiagele B, Saver JL, Fredieu A, et al. PROTECT: a coordinated stroke treatment program to prevent recurrent thromboembolic events. Neurology 2004;63:1217-22
10. Sanossian N, Saver JL, Liebeskind DS, et al. Achieving target cholesterol goals after stroke: is in-hospital statin initiation the key? Arch Neurol 2006;63:1081-3
11. Albers GW, Caplan LR, Easton JD, et al. Transient ischemic artack - proposal for a new definition. N Engl J Med 2002;347:1713-6
12. Kidwell CS, Alger JR, Di Salle F, et al. Diffusion MRI in patients with transient ischemic attacks. Stroke 1999;30:1174-80
13. Lavallee PC, Meseguer E, Abboud H, et al. A transient ischaemic attack clinic with round-the-clock acces (SOS-TIA): feasibility and effects. Lancet Neurol 2007;6:953-60
14. Coull AJ, Lovett JK, Rothwell PM. Population based study of early risk of stroke after transient ischaemic attack or minor stroke: implications for public education and organisation of services. BMJ 2004;328:326
15. Dennis MS, Bamford JM, Sandercock PA, Warlow CP. A comparison of risk factors and prognosis for transient ischemic attacks and minor ischemic strokes. The Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project. Stroke 1989;20:1494-9
16. Ovbiagele B, Kidwell CS, Saver JL. Epidemiological impact in the United Stares of a tissue-based definition of transient ischemic attack. Stroke 2003;34:919-24
17. Giles MF, Rothwell PM. Risk of woke early after transient ischaemic attack: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Neurol 2007;6:1063-72
18. Ois A, Gomis M, Rodriguez-Campello A, et al. Factors associated with a high risk of recurrence in patients with transient ischemic attack or minor stroke. Stroke 2008;39:1717-21
19. Lovett JK, Coull AJ, Rothwell PM. Early risk of recurrence by subtype of ischemic stroke in population-based incidence studies. Neurology 2004;62:569-73
20. Adams HP Jr, del Zoppo G, Alberts MJ, et al. Guidelines for the early management of adults with ischemic stroke: a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council, Clinical Cardiology Council, Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention Council, and the Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease and Quality of Care Outcomes in Research Interdisciplinary Working Groups: The American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline as an educational tool for neurologists. Stroke 2007;38:1655-711
21. Sciolla P, Melis F. Rapid identification of high-risk transient ischemic attacks: prospective validation of the ABCD score. Stroke 2008;39:297-302
22. Sanossian N, Ances BM, Shah SH, et al. FLAIR vascular hyperintensity may predict stroke after TIA. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2007;109:617-9
23. Ovbiagele B, Saver JL. Cerebral white matter hyperintensities on MRI: current concepts and therapeutic implications. Cerebrovasc Dis 2006;22:83-90
24. Chen ZM, Sandercock P, Pan HC, et al. Indications for early aspirin use in acute ischemic stroke: a combined analysis of 40000 randomized patients from the Chinese Acute Stroke Trial and the International Stroke Trial. On behalf of the CAST and IST collaborative groups. Stroke 2000;31:1240-9
25. Schrader J, Luders S, Kulschewski A, et al.; The ACCESS Study. Evaluation of acute candesartan cilexetil therapy in stroke survivors. Stroke 2003;34:1699-703
26. Berge E, Abdelnoor M, Nakstad PH, Sandset PM. Low molecular-weight heparin versus aspirin in patients with acute ischaemic stroke and atrial fibrillation: a double-blind randomised study. Lancet 2000;355:1205-10
27. Yaday JS, Wholey MH, Kuntz RE, et al. Protected carotid-artery stenting versus endarterectomy in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med 2004;351:1493-501
28. Rothwell PM, Eliasziw M, Gutnikov SA, et al. Endarterectomy for symptomatic carotid stenosis in relation to clinical subgroups and timing of surgery. Lancet 2004;363:915-24
29. Fairbead JF, Rothwell PM. Underinvestigation and undertreatment of carotid disease in elderly patients with transient ischaemic attack and stroke: comparative population based study. BMJ 2006;333:525-7
30. Rantner B, Pavelka M, Posch L, et al. Carotid endarterectomy after ischemic stroke - is there a justification for delayed surgery? Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2005;30:36-40
31. Adams RJ, Albers G, Alberts MJ, et al. Update to the AHA/ASA recommendations for the prevention of stroke in patients with stroke and transient ischemic attack. Stroke 2008;39:1647-52
32. Diener HC, Bogousslavsky J, Brass LM, et al. Aspirin and clopidogrel compared with clopidogrel alone after recent ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack in high-risk patients (MATCH): randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2004;364:331-7
33. Markus HS, Droste DW, Kaps M, et al. Dual antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel and aspirin in symptomatic carotid stenosis evaluated using Doppler embolic signal detection: the Clopidogrel and Aspirin for Reduction of Emboli in Symptomatic Carotid Stenosis (CARESS) trial. Circulation 2005;111:2233-40
34. Kennedy J, Hill MD, Ryckborst KJ, et al. Fast assessment of stroke and transient ischaemic artack to prevent early recurrence (FASTER): a randomised controlled pilot trial. Lancet Neurol 2007;6:961-9
35. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, et al. Seventh report of the Joint National Committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure. Hypertension 2003;42:1206-52
36. Randomised trial of a perindopril-based blood-pressure-lowering regimen among 6,105 individuals with previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack. Lancet 2001;358:1033-41
37. MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20536 high-risk individuals: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2002;360:7-22
38. Amarenco P, Bogousslavsky J, Callahan A 3rd, et al. High-dose atorvastarin after stroke or transient ischemic attack. N Engl J Med 2006;355:549-59
39. Park J, White A, Shin H, Hemsley A. Serum cholesterol and haemorrhagic stroke. Lancet 2001;358:507-8; author reply 8
40. Sanossian N, Saver JL, Navab M, Ovbiagele B. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol: an emerging target for stroke treatment. Stroke 2007;38:1104-9
41. Ovbiagele B, Saver JL, Fredieu AS, et al. In-hospital initiation of secondary stroke prevention therapies yields high rates of adherence at follow-up. Stroke 2004;35:2879-83