Delay of active antimicrobial therapy and mortality among patients with bacteremia: Impact of severe neutropenia

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

Volumn 52, Issue 9, 2008, Pages 3188-3194

  Lin, Michael Y ^a,b   Weinstein, Robert A ^a,b   Hota, Bala ^a,b  

^a RUSH UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b Jr Hospital of Cook County   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CEFTAZIDIME; IMIPENEM; METICILLIN; VANCOMYCIN;

ADULT; AGED; ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY; ARTICLE; BACTEREMIA; BLOOD CULTURE; BLOOD FLOW; COHORT ANALYSIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; HOSPITAL; HUMAN; INSTITUTIONAL CARE; INTENSIVE CARE UNIT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; METHODOLOGY; MORTALITY; MULTIVARIATE LOGISTIC REGRESSION ANALYSIS; NEUTROPENIA; NEUTROPHIL COUNT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; SCORING SYSTEM; THERAPY DELAY; UNITED STATES; URBAN AREA;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; BACTEREMIA; COHORT STUDIES; DRUG ADMINISTRATION SCHEDULE; FEMALE; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; GRAM-POSITIVE COCCI; HOSPITALS, URBAN; HUMANS; INTENSIVE CARE UNITS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NEUTROPENIA; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; SURVIVAL ANALYSIS; TIME FACTORS; UNITED STATES;

EID: 50949099799     PISSN: 00664804     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.01553-07     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Anderson, D. J., J. J. Engemann, L. J. Harrell, Y. Carmeli, L. B. Reller, and K. S. Kaye. 2006. Predictors of mortality in patients with bloodstream infection due to ceftazidime-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 50:1715-1720.
2. Austrian, R., and J. Gold. 1964. Pneumococcal bacteremia with special reference to bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia. Ann. Intern. Med. 60:759-776.
3. Bates, D. W., K. E. Pruess, and T. H. Lee. 1995. How bad are bacteremia and sepsis? Outcomes in a cohort with suspected bacteremia. Arch. Intern. Med. 155:593-598.
4. Bodey, G. P., M. Buckley, Y. S. Sathe, and E. J. Freireich. 1966. Quantitative relationships between circulating leukocytes and infection in patients with acute leukemia. Ann. Intern. Med. 64:328-340.
5. Bryan, C. S., K. L. Reynolds, and E. R. Brenner. 1983. Analysis of 1,186 episodes of gram-negative bacteremia in non-university hospitals: the effects of antimicrobial therapy. Rev. Infect. Dis. 5:629-638.
6. Burg, N. D., and M. H. Pillinger. 2001. The neutrophil: function and regulation in innate and humoral immunity. Clin. Immunol. 99:7-17.
7. Clec'h, C., J. F. Timsit, A. De Lassence, E. Azoulay, C. Alberti, M. Garrouste-Orgeas, B. Mourvilier, G. Troche, M. Tafflet, O. Tuil, and Y. Cohen. 2004. Efficacy of adequate early antibiotic therapy in ventilator-associated pneumonia: influence of disease severity. Intensive Care Med. 30:1327-1333.
8. Deal, E. N., S. T. Micek, D. J. Ritchie, R. M. Reichley, W. M. Dunne, Jr., and M. H. Kollef. 2007. Predictors of in-hospital mortality for bloodstream infections caused by Enterobacter species or Citrobacter freundii. Pharmacotherapy 27:191-199.
9. Deyo, R. A., D. C. Cherkin, and M. A. Ciol. 1992. Adapting a clinical comorbidity index for use with ICD-9-CM administrative databases. J. Clin. Epidemiol. 45:613-619.
10. Elting, L. S., E. B. Rubenstein, K. V. Rolston, and G. P. Bodey. 1997. Outcomes of bacteremia in patients with cancer and neutropenia: observations from two decades of epidemiological and clinical trials. Clin. Infect. Dis. 25:247-259.
11. Garrouste-Orgeas, M., J. F. Timsit, M. Tafflet, B. Misset, J. R. Zahar, L. Soufir, T. Lazard, S. Jamali, B. Mourvillier, Y. Cohen, A. De Lassence, E. Azoulay, C. Cheval, A. Descorps-Declere, C. Adrie, M. A. Costa de Beauregard, and J. Carlet. 2006. Excess risk of death from intensive care unit-acquired nosocomial bloodstream infections: a reappraisal. Clin. Infect. Dis. 42:1118-1126.
12. Gilbert, D. N., R. C. Moellering, G. M. Eliopoulos, and M. A. Sande. 2007. The Sanford guide to antimicrobial therapy 2007, 37th ed. Antimicrobial Therapy, Inc., Sperryville, VA.
13. González-Barca, E., A. Fernandez-Sevilla, J. Carratala, A. Salar, J. Peris, A. Granena, and F. Gudiol. 1999. Prognostic factors influencing mortality in cancer patients with neutropenia and bacteremia. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 18:539-544.
14. Greenland, S., and K. J. Rothman. 1998. Introduction to stratified analysis, p. 256-257. Modern epidemiology, 2nd ed. Lippincott-Raven Publishers, Philadelphia, PA.
15. Harbarth, S., J. Garbino, J. Pugin, J. A. Romand, D. Lew, and D. Pittet. 2003. Inappropriate initial antimicrobial therapy and its effect on survival in a clinical trial of immunomodulating therapy for severe sepsis. Am. J. Med. 115:529-535.
16. Harbarth, S., V. Nobre, and D. Pittet. 2007. Does antibiotic selection impact patient outcome? Clin. Infect. Dis. 44:87-93.
17. Hosmer, D. W., S. Taber, and S. Lemeshow. 1991. The importance of assessing the fit of logistic regression models: a case study. Am. J. Public Health 81:1630-1635.
18. Hyle, E. P., A. D. Lipworth, T. E. Zaoutis, I. Nachamkin, W. B. Bilker, and E. Lautenbach. 2005. Impact of inadequate initial antimicrobial therapy on mortality in infections due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase- producing Enterobacteriaceae: variability by site of infection. Arch. Intern. Med. 165:1375-1380.
19. Ibrahim, E. H., G. Sherman, S. Ward, V. J. Fraser, and M. H. Kollef. 2000. The influence of inadequate antimicrobial treatment of bloodstream infections on patient outcomes in the ICU setting. Chest 118:146-155.
20. Kang, C. I., S. H. Kim, W. B. Park, K. D. Lee, H. B. Kim, E. C. Kim, M. D. Oh, and K. W. Choe. 2004. Bloodstream infections due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae: risk factors for mortality and treatment outcome, with special emphasis on antimicrobial therapy. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 48:4574-4581.
21. Kim, S. H., W. B. Park, K. D. Lee, C. I. Kang, J. W. Bang, H. B. Kim, E. C. Kim, M. D. Oh, and K. W. Choe. 2004. Outcome of inappropriate initial antimicrobial treatment in patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 54:489-497.
22. Kumar, A., D. Roberts, K. E. Wood, B. Light, J. E. Parrillo, S. Sharma, R. Suppes, D. Feinstein, S. Zanotti, L. Taiberg, D. Gurka, A. Kumar, and M. Cheang. 2006. Duration of hypotension before initiation of effective antimicrobial therapy is the critical determinant of survival in human septic shock. Crit. Care Med. 34:1589-1596.
23. Lautenbach, E., J. P. Metlay, W. B. Bilker, P. H. Edelstein, and N. O. Fishman. 2005. Association between fluoroquinolone resistance and mortality in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae infections: the role of inadequate empirical antimicrobial therapy. Clin. Infect. Dis. 41:923-929.
24. Lodise, T. P., Jr., N. Patel, A. Kwa, J. Graves, J. P. Furuno, E. Graffunder, B. Lomaestro, and J. C. McGregor. 2007. Predictors of 30-day mortality among patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream infections: impact of delayed appropriate antibiotic selection. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 51:3510-3515.
25. Lodise, T. P., P. S. McKinnon, L. Swiderski, and M. J. Rybak. 2003. Outcomes analysis of delayed antibiotic treatment for hospital-acquired Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Clin. Infect. Dis. 36:1418-1423.
26. McGregor, J. C., S. E. Rich, A. D. Harris, E. N. Perencevich, R. Osih, T. P. Lodise, Jr., R. R. Miller, and J. P. Furuno. 2007. A systematic review of the methods used to assess the association between appropriate antibiotic therapy and mortality in bacteremic patients. Clin. Infect. Dis. 45:329-337.
27. Micek, S. T., A. E. Lloyd, D. J. Ritchie, R. M. Reichley, V. J. Fraser, and M. H. Kollef. 2005. Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream infection: importance of appropriate initial antimicrobial treatment. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 49:1306-1311.
28. Morrell, M., V. J. Fraser, and M. H. Kollef. 2005. Delaying the empiric treatment of Candida bloodstream infection until positive blood culture results are obtained: a potential risk factor for hospital mortality. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 49:3640-3645.
29. Osih, R. B., J. C. McGregor, S. E. Rich, A. C. Moore, J. P. Furuno, E. N. Perencevich, and A. D. Harris. 2007. Impact of empiric antibiotic therapy on outcomes in patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 51:839-844.
30. Paul, M., A. Fraser, and L. Leibovici. 2007. Propensity-matched analysis of appropriate empirical antibiotic treatment. Clin. Infect. Dis. 44:1251-1252.
31. Rubin, D. B. 1997. Estimating causal effects from large data sets using propensity scores. Ann. Intern. Med. 127:757-763.
32. Scarsi, K. K., J. M. Feinglass, M. H. Scheetz, M. J. Postelnick, M. K. Bolon, and G. A. Noskin. 2006. Impact of inactive empiric antimicrobial therapy on inpatient mortality and length of stay. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 50:3355-3360.
33. Schramm, G. E., J. A. Johnson, J. A. Doherty, S. T. Micek, and M. H. Kollef. 2006. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus sterile-site infection: the importance of appropriate initial antimicrobial treatment. Crit. Care Med. 34:2069-2074.
34. Soriano, A., J. A. Martinez, and J. Mensa. 2008. Reply to Lustberg and to Porath and Brooks. Clin. Infect. Dis. 46:1484-1485.
35. Sun, G. W., T. L. Shook, and G. L. Kay. 1996. Inappropriate use of bivariable analysis to screen risk factors for use in multivariable analysis. J. Clin. Epidemiol. 49:907-916.
36. Weinstein, M. P., M. L. Towns, S. M. Quartey, S. Mirrett, L. G. Reimer, G. Parmigiani, and L. B. Reller. 1997. The clinical significance of positive blood cultures in the 1990s: a prospective comprehensive evaluation of the microbiology, epidemiology, and outcome of bacteremia and fungemia in adults. Clin. Infect. Dis. 24:584-602.
37. Wisniewski, M. F., P. Kieszkowski, B. M. Zagorski, W. E. Trick, M. Sommers, and R. A. Weinstein. 2003. Development of a clinical data warehouse for hospital infection control. J. Am. Med. Inform. Assoc. 10:454-462.
38. Zaragoza, R., A. Artero, J. J. Camarena, S. Sancho, R. Gonzalez, and J. M. Nogueira. 2003. The influence of inadequate empirical antimicrobial treatment on patients with bloodstream infections in an intensive care unit. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 9:412-418.