A qualitative exploration of the relationship between racism and unsafe sex among Asian Pacific Islander gay men

Archives of Sexual Behavior

Volumn 37, Issue 5, 2008, Pages 827-837

  Han, Chong Suk ^a  

^a TEMPLE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Gay men; HIV risk; Racism; Sexuality; Unsafe sex

Indexed keywords

ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; ADULT; ARTICLE; ASIAN; CLINICAL ARTICLE; HOMOPHOBIA; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; MALE; MALE HOMOSEXUAL; RACISM; SAFE SEX; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; SEXUALITY;

ADULT; ASIAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; HIV INFECTIONS; HOMOSEXUALITY, MALE; HUMANS; MALE; MICRONESIA; PREJUDICE; QUESTIONNAIRES; RISK FACTORS; RISK-TAKING; UNSAFE SEX;

EID: 50849144342     PISSN: 00040002     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10508-007-9308-7     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Aoki, B., Nagin, C. P., Mo, B., & Ja, D. Y. (1989). AIDS prevention models in Asian American communities. In V. M. Mays, G. W. Albee, & S. F. Schneider (Eds.), Primary prevention of AIDS. (pp. 290-308). Hanover, NH: University of New England Press.
2. T. Ayers 1999 China doll: The experience of being a gay Chinese Australian Journal of Homosexuality 36 87 97
3. A. Beck I. McNally J. Petrak 2003 Psychosocial predictors of HIV/STI risk behaviours in a sample of homosexual men Sexually Transmitted Infections 79 142 146
4. Bérubé, A. (2001). How gay stays white and what kind of white it stays. In B. B. Rasmussen, E. Klinenberg, I. J. Nexica, & M. Wray (Eds.), The making and unmaking of whiteness (pp. 234-265). Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
5. Blumstein, P., & Schwartz, P. (1983). American couples: Money, work, and sex. New York: William Morrow.
6. R. Brooks M. J. Rotheram-Borus E. G. Bing G. Ayala C. L. Henry 2003 HIV and AIDS among men of color who have sex with men and men of color who have sex with men and women: An epidemiological profile AIDS Education and Prevention 15 1 6
7. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2006). CDC HIV/AIDS fact sheet: HIV/AIDS among Asian and Pacific Islanders. http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/ resources/factsheets/PDF/API.pdf. Accessed 15 December 2006.
8. C. L. Chng J. Geliga-Vargas 2000 Ethnic identity, gay identity, sexual sensation seeking and HIV risk taking among multiethnic men who have sex with men AIDS Education and Prevention 12 326 339
9. K. H. Choi T. Coates J. Catania S. Lew 1995 High HIV risk among gay Asian and Pacific Islander men in San Francisco AIDS 9 306 308
10. K. H. Choi C. S. Han E. Hudes S. Kegeles 2002 Unprotected sex and associated risk factors among young Asian and Pacific Islander men who have sex with men AIDS Education and Prevention 14 472 481
11. K. H. Choi E. Kumekawa Q. Dang S. Kegeles R. B. Hays R. Stall 1999 Risk and protective factors affecting sexual behavior among young Asian and Pacific Islander men who have sex with men: Implications for HIV prevention Journal of Sex Education and Therapy 24 47 55
12. K. H. Choi W. McFarland T. B. Neilands S. Nguyne B. Louie G. Secura 2004 An opportunity for prevention: Prevalence, incidence, and sexual risk for HIV among young Asian and Pacific Islander men who have sex with men, San Francisco Sexually Transmitted Diseases 31 475 480
13. K. H. Choi G. Yep E. Kumekawa 1998 HIV prevention among Asian and Pacific Islander American men who have sex with men: A critical review of theoretical models and directions for future research AIDS Education and Prevention 10 19 30
14. Dang, A., & Hu, M. (2005). Asian Pacific American lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people: A community portrait. A report from New York's Queer Asian Pacific Legacy Conference, 2004. New York: National Gay and Lesbian Task Force Policy Institute.
15. Diaz, R. M. (1998). Latino gay men and HIV: Culture, sexuality, and risk behavior. New York: Routledge.
16. T. Do S. Chen W. McFarland G. M. Secura S. K. Behel D. A. MacKellar 2005 HIV testing patterns and unrecognized HIV infection among young Asian and Pacific Islander men who have sex with men in San Francisco AIDS Education and Prevention 17 540 554
17. H. Frith C. Kitzinger 2001 Reformulating sexual script theory: Developing a discursive psychology of sexual negotiation Theory and Psychology 11 209 232
18. Gagnon, J. H. (1977). Human sexualities. New York: Foresman.
19. Gagnon, J. H., & Simon, W. (1973). Sexual conduct. London: Hutchinson.
20. R. S. Gold M. J. Skinner 1992 Situational factors and thought processes associated with unprotected intercourse in young gay men AIDS 6 1021 1030
21. G. Goldbaum T. Perdue R. Wolitski C. Rietmeijere A. Hedrich R. Wood 1998 Differences in risk behavior and sources of AIDS information among gay, bisexual, and straight-identified men who have sex with men AIDS and Behavior 2 13 21
22. C. S. Han 2006 Geisha of a different kind: Gay Asian men and the gendering of sexual identity Sexuality & Culture 10 3 28
23. R. B. Hays S. M. Kegeles T. J. Coates 1997 Unprotected sex and HIV risk taking among young gay men within boyfriend relationships AIDS Education and Prevention 9 314 329
24. A. M. Hines R. Caetano 1998 Alcohol and AIDS-related sexual behavior among Hispanics: Acculturation and gender differences AIDS Education and Prevention 10 533 547
25. Inouye, J. (1999). The invisible disease: HIV/AIDS in Asian Americans. In L. Zhan (Ed.), Asian voices: Asian and Asian American health educators speak out (pp. 80-105). Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.
26. V. K. Kanuha 2000 The impact of sexuality and race/ethnicity on HIV/AIDS risk among Asian and Pacific Island American gay and bisexual men in Hawaii AIDS Education and Prevention 12 505 518
27. R. A. Lippa F. D. Tan 2001 Does culture moderate the relationship between sexual orientation and gender-related personality traits? Cross-Cultural Research 35 65 87
28. L. S. Lloyd M. Faust J. S. San Roque S. Loue 1999 A pilot study of immigration status, homosexual self-acceptance, social support, and HIV reduction in high risk Asian and Pacific Islander men Journal of Immigrant Health 1 115 122
29. L. Mao P. Van de Ven J. McCormick 2004 Individualism-collectivism, self-efficacy, and other factors associated with risk taking among gay Asian and Caucasian men AIDS Education and Prevention 16 55 67
30. G. Marks P. J. Cantero J. M. Simoni 1998 Is acculturation associated with sexual risk behaviours? An investigation of HIV-positive Latino men and women AIDS Care 10 283 295
31. J. A. Maxwell 1992 Understanding validity in qualitative research Harvard Educational Review 62 279 299
32. T. Nemoto D. Operario T. Soma D. Bao A. Vajrabukka V. Cristostomo 2003 HIV risk and prevention among Asian/Pacific Islander men who have sex with men: Listen to our stories AIDS Education and Prevention 15 7 20
33. Peterson, J. L., Bakeman, R., Stokes, J., & Community Intervention Trial for Youth Study Team. (2001). Racial/ethnic patterns of HIV sexual risk behaviors among young men who have sex with men. Journal of the Gay and Lesbian Medical Association, 5, 155-162.
34. V. C. Phua G. Kaufman 2003 The crossroads of race and sexuality: Date selection among men in internet "personal" ads Journal of Family Issues 24 981 994
35. M. K. Poon P. T. Ho 2002 A qualitative analysis of cultural and social vulnerabilities to HIV infection among gay, lesbian, and bisexual youth Journal of Gay and Lesbian Social Services 14 43 79
36. R. Ratti R. Bakeman J. L. Peterson 2000 Correlates of high-risk sexual behaviour among Canadian men of South Asian and European origin who have sex with men AIDS Care 12 193 202
37. M. Sandelowski 2000 Whatever happened to qualitative description? Research in Nursing & Health 23 334 340
38. R. Sanitioso 1999 A social psychological perspective on HIV/AIDS and gay or homosexually active Asian men Journal of Homosexuality 36 69 85
39. Schwartz, P., & Rutter. V. (1998). The gender of sexuality. Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press.
40. A. C. Seibt M. W. Ross A. Freeman M. Krepcho A. Hderich A. Mcalister 1995 Relationship between safe sex and acculturation into the gay subculture AIDS Care 7 85 88
41. R. Stall D. Barrett L. Bye J. Catania C. Frutchey J. Henne 1992 A comparison of younger and older gay men's HIV risk-taking behaviors: The communication technologies 1989 cross-sectional survey Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 5 682 687
42. J. P. Stokes J. L. Peterson 1998 Homophobia, self-esteem and risk for HIV among African American men who have sex with men AIDS Education and Prevention 10 278 292
43. S. A. Strathdee R. S. Hogg S. L. Martindale P. G. Cornelisse K. J. Craib J. S. Montaner 1998 Determinants of sexual risk-taking among young HIV-negative gay and bisexual men Journal of AIDS and Human Retrovirology 19 61 66
44. K. J. Taywaditep 2001 Marginalization among the marginalized: Gay men's anti-effeminacy attitudes Journal of Homosexuality 42 1 28
45. Wolcott, H. F. (1994). Transforming qualitative data: Description, analysis, and interpretation. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
46. P. A. Wilson H. Yoshikawa 2004 Experiences of and response to social discrimination among Asian and Pacific Islander gay men: Their relationship to HIV risk AIDS Education and Prevention 16 68 83
47. F. Y. Wong C. L. Chng M. W. Ross K. H. Mayer 1998 Sexualities as social roles among Asian- and Pacific Islander American gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender individuals: Implications for community-based health education and prevention Journal of the Gay and Lesbian Medical Association 2 157 166
48. P. L. Wortley R. P. Metler D. J. Hu P. L. Fleming 2000 AIDS among Asian and Pacific Islanders in the United States American Journal of Preventive Medicine 18 208 214
49. G. Yep G. M. Merrigan J. B. Martin K. E. Lovaas A. C. Cetron 2002 HIV/AIDS in Asian and Pacific Islander communities in the United States: A follow-up review and analysis with recommendations for researchers and practitioners International Quarterly of Community Health Education 21 199 227
50. H. Yoshikawa P. A. Wilson D. H. Chae J. F. Cheng 2004 Do family and friendship networks protect against the influence of discrimination on mental health and HIV risk among Asian and Pacific Islander gay men? AIDS Education and Prevention 16 84 100