Experiences of and responses to social discrimination among Asian and Pacific Islander gay men: Their relationship to HIV risk

AIDS Education and Prevention

Volumn 16, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 68-83

  Wilson, Patrick A ^a   Yoshikawa, Hirokazu ^a  

^a NEW YORK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; ADULT; ARTICLE; ASIAN; ATTITUDE; ETHNIC DIFFERENCE; EXPERIENCE; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; HOMOSEXUALITY; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; IMMIGRANT; INFECTION PREVENTION; INFECTION RISK; INTERVIEW; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MENTAL HEALTH; PACIFIC ISLANDER; PREVALENCE; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY; STEREOTYPY; WELLBEING;

ADULT; ANECDOTES; ASIA; HIV INFECTIONS; HOMOSEXUALITY, MALE; HUMANS; LIFE CHANGE EVENTS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NEW YORK; PACIFIC ISLANDS; PREJUDICE; RISK-TAKING;

EID: 1542358089     PISSN: 08999546     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1521/aeap.16.1.68.27724     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Chng, C.L., & Géliga-Vargas, J. (2000). Ethnic identity, gay identity, sexual sensation seeking and HIV risk taking among multiethnic men who have sex with men. AIDS Education and Prevention, 12(4), 326-339.
2. Chng, C.L., Wong, F.Y., Park, R.J., Edberg, M.C., & Lai, D.S. (2003). A model for understanding sexual health among Asian American/Pacific Islander men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States. AIDS Education and Prevention, 15(Suppl. 1), 21-38.
3. Choi, K., Han, C., Hudes, E.S., & Kegeles, S. (2002). Unprotected sex and associated risk factors among young A&PI men who have sex with men. AIDS Education and Prevention, 14(6), 472-481.
4. Choi, K., Kumekawa, E., Dang, Q., Kegeles, S.M., Hays, R.B., & Stall, R. (1999). Risk and protective factors affecting sexual behavior among young A&PI men who have sex with men: Implications for HIV prevention. Journal of Sex Education and Therapy, 24(1-2), 47-55.
5. Choi, K., Lew, S., Vittinghoff, E., Catania, J.A., Barrett, D.C., & Coates, T.J. (1996). The efficacy of brief group counseling in HIV risk reduction among homosexual A&PI men. AIDS, 10, 81-87.
6. Choi, K., Yep, G.A., & Kumekawa, E. (1998). HIV prevention among A&PI American men who have sex with men: A critical review of theoretical models and directions for future research. AIDS Education and Prevention, 10(Suppl. 3), 19-30.
7. Crocker, J., Major, B., & Steele, C. (1998). Social stigma. In D. Gilbert, S.T. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), Handbook of social psychology (pp. 504-553). Boston: McGraw-Hill.
8. Díaz, R.M. & Ayala, G. (2001). Social discrimination and health: The case of Latino gay men and HIV risk. New York: National Gay and Lesbian Task Force.
9. Díaz, R.M., Ayala, G., Bein, E., Henne, H., & Marin, B. (2001). The impact of homophobia, poverty, and racism on the mental health of gay and bisexual Latino men: Finding from 3 US cities. American Journal of Public Health, 91(6), 927-932.
10. Eckholdt, H., & Chin, J. (1997). Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in Asians and Pacific Islanders. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 24, 1265-1267.
11. Eng, D.L. (2001). Racial Castration: Managing Masculinity in Asian America. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
12. Folkman, S., Lazarus, R. S., Dunkel-Schetter, C., DeLongis, A., & Gruen, R. J. (1986). Dynamics of a stressful encounter: Cognitive appraisal, coping, and encounter outcomes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 992-1003.
13. Holahan, C.J., & Moos, R.H. (1987). Personal and contextual determinants of coping strategies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 946-955.
14. Krieger, N. (1999). Embodying inequality: A review of concepts, measures, and methods for studying health consequences of discrimination. International Journal of Health Services, 29(2), 295-352.
15. Krieger, N., & Sidney, S. (1996). Racial discrimination and blood pressure: The CARDIA study of young Black and White adults. American Journal of Public Health, 86, 1370-1378.
16. Lalonde, R.N., & Cameron, J.E. (1994). Behavioral responses to discrimination: A focus on action. In M.P. Zanna & J.M. Olson (Eds.), The psychology of prejudice: The Ontario symposium (Vol. 7, pp. 257-288). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
17. Lazarus, R.S. (2000). Toward better research on stress and coping. The American Psychologist, 5, 665-712.
18. Major, B., Quinton, W.J., & McCoy, S.K. (2002). Antecedents and consequences of attributions to discrimination: Theoretical and empirical advances. In M.P. Zanna, (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (pp. 251-330). San Diego: Academic Press.
19. Major, B., Spencer, S., Schmader, T., Wolfe, C., & Crocker, J. (1998). Coping with negative stereotypes about intellectual performance: The role of psychological disengagement. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 24(1), 34-50.
20. Manalansan, M.F. (1996). Double minorities: Latino, Black, and Asian men who have sex with men. In R.C. Savin-Williams & K.M. Cohen (Eds.), The lives of lesbians, gays, and bisexuals: children to adults (pp. 393-415). New York: Harcourt Brace.
21. McCrae, R.R., & Costa, P.T. (1986). Personality, coping, and coping effectiveness in an adult sample. Journal of Personality, 54, 385-405.
22. Meyer, I.H. (1995). Minority stress and mental health in gay men. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 36, 38-56.
23. Meyer, I.H. & Dean, L. (1995). Patterns of sexual behavior and risk taking among young New York City gay men. AIDS Education and Prevention, 7 (Suppl.), 13-23.
24. Miller, C.T., & Major, B. (2000). Coping with prejudice and stigma. In T. Heatherton, R. Kleck, & J.G. Hull (Eds.). The social psychology of stigma (pp. 243-272). New York: Guilford.
25. Monteith, M.J., Devine, P.G., & Zuwerink, J.R. (2000). Self-directed versus other-directed affect as a consequence of prejudice-related discrepancies. In C. Stangor (Ed.), Stereotypes and prejudice: Essential readings (pp. 305-322). Philadelphia, PA: Psychology Press.
26. Nemoto, T., Operario, D., Soma, T., Bao, D., Vajrabukka, A., & Crisostomo, V. (2003). HIV risk and prevention among Asian/Pacific Islander men who have sex with men: Listen to our stories. AIDS Education and Prevention, 15(Suppl. 1), 7-20.
27. Noh, S., Beiser, M., Kaspar, V., Hou, F., & Rummens, J. (1999). Perceived racial discrimination, depression and coping: A study of Southeast Asian refugees in Canada. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 40, 193-207.
28. Peterson, J.L., Bakeman, R., Stokes, J., & the Community Intervention Trial for Youth Study Team (2001). Racial/ethnic patterns of HIV sexual risk behaviors among young men who have sex with men. Journal of the Gay and Lesbian Medical Association, 5(4), 155-162.
29. Pierce, G.R., Sarason, I.G., & Sarason, B.R. (1996). Coping and social support. In M. Zeidner & N. Endler (Eds.), Handbook of coping: Theory, research, applications (pp. 434-451). New York: Wiley.
30. Steele, C.M. (1997). A threat in the air: how stereo-types shape the intellectual identities and performance. American Psychologist, 52, 613-629.
31. Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1998). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
32. United Nations Joint Programme on HIV/AIDS (2001). AIDS epidemic update: December 2001. Geneva: Author. Retrieved May 12, 2003, from www.unaids.org.
33. Valleroy, L.A., MacKellar, D.A., Karon, J.M., Rosen, D.H., McFarland, W., Shehan, D.A., Stoyanoff, S.R., LaLota, M., Celentano, D.D., Koblin, B.A., Thiede, H., Katz, M.H., Torian, L.V., & Janssen, R.S. (2000). HIV prevalence and associated risks in young men who have sex with men. Journal of the American Medical Association, 284(2), 198-204.
34. Wong, F.Y., Chng, C.L., & Lo, W. (1998). A profile of six community-based HIV prevention programs targeting A&PI Americans. AIDS Education and Prevention, 10(Suppl. 3), 61-76.
35. Wortley, P.M., Metler, R.P., Hu, D.J., & Fleming, P.L. (2000). AIDS among A&PIs in the United States. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 18, 208-214.
36. Yoshikawa, H., Wilson, P.A., & Chae, D. (2002, July). Demographic, psychosocial, and neighborhood predictors of HIV risk among Asian/Pacific Islander men who have sex with men in New York City. Paper presented at the 14th World AIDS Conference, Barcelona, Spain.