'A load too heavy': Critical reflections on the child labor problem in Africa's small-scale mining sector

Children and Youth Services Review

Volumn 30, Issue 11, 2008, Pages 1233-1245

  Hilson, Gavin ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF READING   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Artisanal and small scale mining (ASM); Child labor; International Labor Organization (ILO); Sub Saharan Africa

Indexed keywords

EID: 50849115807     PISSN: 01907409     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2008.03.008     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Admassie A. Explaining the high incidence of child labor in sub-Saharan Africa. African Development Review 14 2 (2002) 251-275
2. Admassie A. Child labor and schooling in the context of a subsistence rural economy: Can they be compatible?. International Journal of Educational Development 23 2 (2003) 167-185
3. Afrikids. Operation Sunlight Feedback Report (2007), Afrikids, London
4. Arat Z.F. Analyzing child labor as a human rights issue: Its causes, aggravating policies, and alternative proposals. Human Rights Quarterly 24 1 (2002) 177-204
5. Awumbila, M., Tsikata, D. 2007. 'Migration dynamics and small scale gold mining in north-eastern Ghana: Implications for sustainable rural livelihoods', paper presented at the Fifth African Population Conference 10-14 December 2007, Union for African Population Studies: Arusha.
6. Baiden-Amissah, A. 2006. 'School Fee Abolition and FTI School Fee Abolition in Ghana', paper presented at the 4th Partnership Meeting: Cairo.
7. Banchirigah S.M. How have reforms fuelled the expansion of artisanal mining? Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa. Resources Policy 31 3 (2006) 165-171
8. Banchirigah S.M. Challenges with eradicating illegal mining in Ghana: A perspective from the grassroots. Resources Policy 33 1 (2008) 29-38
9. Regularizing informal mining: A summary of the proceedings of the international roundtable on artisanal mining. In: Barry M. (Ed). Organized by the World Bank, May 17-19, 1995, Industry and Energy Department Occasional Paper No. 6 (1996), World Bank, Washington DC
10. Bass L.E. Child labor in Sub-Saharan Africa (2004), Lynne Rienner Publishers, Colorado
11. Bhalotra S., and Heady C. Child farm labor: The wealth paradox. World Bank Economic Review 17 2 (2003) 197-227
12. Bonnet M. Child labor in Africa. International Labor Review 132 3 (1993) 371-389
13. Bourdillon M. Children and work: A review of current literature and debates. Development and Change 37 6 (2006) 1201-1226
14. Bryceson D.F. Deagrarianization and rural employment in sub-Saharan Africa: A sectoral perspective. World Development 24 1 (1996) 97-111
15. Canagarajah S., and Nielsen H.S. Child labor in Africa: A comparative study. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 575 (2001) 71-91
16. Canagarajah S., and Pörtner C.C. Evolution of Poverty and Welfare in Ghana in the 1990s: Achievements and Challenges (2002), World Bank, Washington DC
17. D'Souza, K., Jennings, N. 2005. Artisanal mining: A family affair. Materials World April: 33-35.
18. Dreschler B. Small-scale mining and sustainable development within the SADC region. Working Paper 84. Mining, Minerals and Sustainable Development (MMSD) Project (2001), International Institute for Environment and Development, London
19. Dunn J.E. Responding to pressure on local natural resources: The story of three villages in south-eastern Nigeria. Journal of Environmental Management 51 4 (1997) 361-371
20. Fraser A., Doughill A.J., Mabee W.E., Reed M., and McAlpine P. Bottom up and top down: Analysis of participatory processes for sustainability indicator identification as a pathway to community empowerment and sustainable environmental management. Journal of Environmental Management 51 4 (2006) 361-371
21. Gootaert C., and Kanbur R. Child labor: An economic perspective. International Labor Review 132 2 (1995) 187-203
22. Government of Ghana. Ghana youth: Working to build our future. Ministry of Manpower (2006), Youth and Employment, Accra
23. Heemskerk M. Collecting data in artisanal and small-scale mining communities: Measuring progress towards more sustainable livelihoods. Natural Resources Forum 29 (2005) 82-87
24. Hentschel T., Hruschka F., and Priester M. Global report on artisanal and small-scale mining. Working Paper 70, Mining, Minerals and sustainable Development (MMSD) Project (2002), International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), London
25. Hilson G. Abatement of mercury pollution in the small-scale gold mining industry: Restructuring the policy and research agendas. The Science of the Total Environment 362 1-3 (2006) 1-14
26. Hilson G., and Maponga O. 'How has a shortage of census and geological data inhibited the regularization of artisanal and small-scale mining?. Natural Resources Forum 28 1 (2004) 22-33
27. Hilson G., and Pardie S. Mercury: An agent of poverty in Ghana's small-scale gold mining industry?. Resources Policy 31 2 (2006) 106-116
28. Hilson G., Yakovleva N., and Banchirigah S.M. 'To move or not to move': Reflections on the resettlement of artisanal miners in the western region of Ghana. African Affairs 106 424 (2007) 413-436
29. Hinton J. Communities and small-scale mining: An integrated review for development planning. Communities and Small-Scale Mining (CASM) (2005), The World Bank, Washington, DC
30. Hinton J.J., and Veiga M.M. Summary report: Technical and socio-economic profiles of global mercury project sites. Global Mercury Project (2004), United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), Vienna
31. Hinton J.J., Veiga M.M., and Veiga A.T.C. Clean artisanal gold mining: A utopian approach?. Journal of Cleaner Production 11 2 (2003) 100-115
32. Hope S.K.R. Child survival, poverty, and labor in Africa. Journal of Children and Poverty 11 1 (2005) 19-42
33. International Labor Organization (ILO). Social and labor issues in small-scale mines. Report for discussion at the Tripartite Meeting on Social and Labor Issues in Small-scale Mines, International Labor Organization, Sectoral Activities Program (1999), International Labor Office, Geneva
34. International Labor Organization (ILO). Action against child labor and quarrying: A thematic evaluation (2004), International Labor Organization (ILO), Geneva
35. International Labor Organization (ILO). The end of child labor: Within reach (2006), International Labor Organization (ILO), Geneva
36. Jennings N.S. Addressing labor and social issues in small-scale mining. In: Hilson G.M. (Ed). The Socio-Economic Impacts of Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining in Developing Countries (2003), A.A. Balkema, The Netherlands 151-160
37. Keilland A., and Tovo M. Children at work in Africa: Child labor practices in Africa (2006), Lynne Rienner Publishers, Colorado
38. Kolk A., and van Tulder R. Ethics in international business: Multinational approaches to child labor. Journal of World Business 39 1 (2004) 49-60
39. Labonne B. Small- and medium-scale mining: The Harare seminar and guidelines. Natural Resources Forum 18 1 (1994) 13-16
40. Maconachie R., and Binns T. 'Farming miners' or 'mining farmers'?: Diamond mining and rural development in post-conflict Sierra Leone. Journal of Rural Studies 23 3 (2007) 367-380
41. Manzo K. Exploiting West Africa's children: Trafficking, slavery and uneven development. Area 37 4 (2005) 392-401
42. Maponga O., and Meck. Illegal artisanal gold panning in Zimbabwe - A study of challenges to sustainability along the Mazowe River. In: Hilson G.M. (Ed). The Socio-Economic Impacts of Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining in Developing Countries (2003), A.A. Balkema, The Netherlands 349-377
43. Mckechnie J., and Hobbs S. Child labor: The view from the north. Childhood 6 1 (2007) 89-100
44. Myers W.E. The right rights? Child labor in a globalizing world. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 575 (2001) 38-55
45. Nieuwenhuys O. The paradox of child labor and anthropology. Annual Review of Anthropology 25 (1996) 237-251
46. Osbahr H., and Allan C. Indigenous knowledge of soil fertility management in southwest Niger. Geoderma 111 3-4 (2003) 457-479
47. Palmer R. Skills for work? From skills development to decent livelihoods in Ghana's rural informal economy. International Journal of Educational Development 27 (2007) 397-420
48. Ray R. The determinants of child labor and child schooling in Ghana. Journal of African Economies 11 4 (2002) 561-590
49. Sinding K. The dynamics of artisanal and small-scale mining reform. Natural Resources Forum 29 3 (2005) 243-252
50. Togunde D., and Carter A. Socioeconomic causes of child labor in urban Nigeria. Journal of Children and Poverty 12 1 (2006) 73-89
51. United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA). Reports on selected themes in natural resources development in Africa: Artisanal and small-scale mining and technology challenges in Africa (2003), United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA), Addis Ababa
52. World Bank. The millennium development goals and small-scale mining: A conference for forging partnerships for action. Workshop Report (2005), The World Bank, Washington DC
53. Yakovleva N. Perspective on female participation in artisanal and small-scale mining: A case study of Birim North District of Ghana. Resources Policy 32 1-2 (2007) 29-41
54. Yakubu, B.R. 2002. 'Towards Sustainable Small Scale Mining in Ghana', paper presented at Mining, the Environment and Sustainable Development February 21-22, Tarkwa, Ghana.
55. Yaro J.A. Is deagrarianisation real? A study of livelihood activities in rural northern Ghana. Journal of Modern African Studies 44 1 (2006) 125-156