The alkaline tide and ammonia excretion after voluntary feeding in freshwater rainbow trout

Journal of Experimental Biology

Volumn 211, Issue 15, 2008, Pages 2533-2541

  Bucking, Carol ^a   Wood, Chris M ^a  

^a MCMASTER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Acid base regulation; Base excretion; Digestion; Glucose; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Plasma; Urea

Indexed keywords

AMMONIA; BICARBONATE; FRESH WATER; UREA;

ACID BASE BALANCE; ANIMAL; ARTERY; ARTICLE; BLOOD; BLOOD GAS ANALYSIS; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; METABOLISM; PH; PHYSIOLOGY; POSTPRANDIAL STATE; RAINBOW TROUT; TITRIMETRY;

ACID-BASE EQUILIBRIUM; AMMONIA; ANIMALS; ARTERIES; BICARBONATES; BLOOD GAS ANALYSIS; BLOOD GLUCOSE; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; FRESH WATER; HYDROGEN-ION CONCENTRATION; ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS; POSTPRANDIAL PERIOD; TITRIMETRY; UREA;

ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS; TELEOSTEI;

EID: 50649125460     PISSN: 00220949     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1242/jeb.015610     Document Type: Article

References (95)

1. Alsop, D. H. and Wood, C. M. (1997). The interactive effects of feeding and exercise on oxygen consumption, swimming performance and protein usage in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). J. Exp. Biol. 200, 2337-2346.
2. Andersen, J. B. and Wang, T. (2003). Cardiorespiratory effects of forced activity and digestion in toads. Physiol. Biochem. Zool. 76, 459-470.
3. Andrade, D. V., De Toledo, L. F., Abe, A. S. and Wang, T. (2004). Ventilatory compensation of the alkaline tide during digestion in the snake Boa constrictor. J. Exp. Biol. 207, 1379-1385.
4. Ballantyne, J. S. (2001). Amino acid metabolism fish physiology. In Nitrogen Excretion (ed. P. Wright and P. Anderson), pp. 77-107. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
5. Ballestrazzi, R., Lanari, D. and D'Agaro, E. (1998). Performance, nutrient retention efficiency, total ammonia and reactive phosphorus excretion of growing European sea-bass (Dicentrarchus labrax, L.) as affected by diet processing and feeding level. Aquaculture 161, 55-65.
6. Beamish, F. W. H. and Thomas, E. (1984). Effects of dietary-protein and lipid on nitrogen losses in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. Aquaculture 41, 359-371.
7. Benedict, F. G. (1932). The Physiology of Large Reptiles with Special Reference to the Heat Production of Snakes, Tortoises, Lizards and Alligators. Washington, OR: Carnegie Institute Publication.
8. Bomgren, P., Einarsson, S. and Jonsson, A. C. (1998). Similarities and differences in oxynticopeptic cell ultrastructure of one marine teleost, Gadus morhua and one freshwater teleost, Oncorhynchus mykiss, during basal and histamine-stimulated phases of acid secretion. Fish Physiol. Biochem. 18, 285-296.
9. Boutilier, R. G., Heming, T. A. and Iwama, G. K. (1984). Appendix-physicochemical parameters for use in fish respiratory physiology. Fish Physiol. Biochem. 10, 403-430.
10. Brett, J. R. and Zala, C. A. (1975). Daily pattern of nitrogen excretion and oxygen-consumption of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) under controlled conditions J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 32, 2479-2486.
11. Brunton, C. E. (1933).The influence of foodstuffs on the rate of urinary acid excretion J. Physiol. 78, 65-79.
12. Bucking, C. and Wood, C. M. (2004). Does urea reabsorption occur via the glucose pathway in the kidney of the freshwater rainbow trout? Fish Physiol. Biochem. 30. 1-12.
13. Bucking, C. and Wood, C. M. (2006a). Water dynamics in the digestive tract of the freshwater rainbow trout during the processing of a single meal. J. Exp. Biol. 209, 1883-1893.
14. + during digestion: implications for homeostatic balance in freshwater rainbow trout. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 291, R1764-R1772.
15. 2+ during the digestion of a single meal in the freshwater rainbow trout. J. Comp. Physiol. B 177, 349-360.
16. Bucking, C. and Wood, C. M. (2008). The effect of postprandial changes in pH along the gastrointestinal tract on the distribution of ions between the solid and fluid phases of chyme in rainbow trout. Aquaculture Nutr. (In press).
17. Buddington, R. K., Krogdahl, A. and BakkeMcKellep, A. M. (1997). The intestines of carnivorous fish: structure and functions and the relations with diet. Acta Physiol. Scand. 161, 67-80.
18. Busk, M., Jensen, F. B. and Wang, T. (2000a). Effects of feeding on metabolism, gas transport, and acid-base balance in the bullfrog Rana catesbeiana. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 278, R185-R195.
19. Busk, M., Overgaard, J., Hicks, J. W., Bennett, A. F. and Wang, T. (2000b). Effects of feeding on arterial blood gases in the American alligator, Alligator mississippiensis. J. Exp. Biol. 203, 3117-3124.
20. Cai, Y. J., Wermerskirchen, J. and Adelman, I. R. (1996). Ammonia excretion rate indicates dietary protein adequacy for fish. Prog. Fish Culturist 58, 124-127.
21. Campbell, J. W. (1991). Excretory nitrogen metabolism. In Environmental and Metabolic Animal Physiology (ed. C. L. Prosser), pp. 277-324. New York: Wiley-Liss.
22. Chakraborty, S C. and Chakraborty, S. (1998). Effect of dietary protein level on excretion of ammonia in Indian major carp, Labeo rohita, fingerlings. Aquaculture Nut. 4, 47-51.
23. Claiborne, J. B., Perry, E., Bellows, S. and Campbell, J. (1997). Mechanisms of acid-base excretion across the gills of a marine fish. J. Exp. Zool. 279, 509-520.
24. Cooper, C. A. and Wilson, R. W. (2008). Post-prandial alkaline tide in freshwater rainbow trout: effects of meal anticipation on recovery from acid-base and ion regulatory disturbances. J. Exp. Biol. 211, 2542-2550.
25. Coulson, R. A., Hernandez, T. and Dessauer, H. C. (1950). Alkaline tide in alligators. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 74, 866-869.
26. Davenport, H. W. (1974). The ABC of Acid-Base Chemistry. 6th Edn. Chicago IL: The University of Chicago Press.
27. Dosdat, A., Servais, F., Metailler, R., Huelvan, C. and Desbruyeres, E. (1996). Comparison of nitrogenous losses in five teleost fish species. Aquaculture 141, 107-127.
28. Erdt, H. (1915). Die Tagesschwankungen der Kohlensä urespannung der Alveorluft und ihre Ursachen. Deut. Arch. Klin. Med. 117, 497-516.
29. Evans, D. H., Piermarini, P. M. and Choe, K. P. (2005). The multifunctional fish gill: dominant site of gas exchange, osmoregulation, acid-base regulation, and excretion of nitrogenous waste. Physiol. Rev. 85, 97-177.
30. Finke, M. D. and Litzenberger, B. A. (1992). Effect of food intake on urine pH in cats. J. Small Anim. Pract. 33, 261-265.
31. Gelineau, A., Medale, F. and Boujard, T. (1998). Effect of feeding time on postprandial nitrogen excretion and energy expenditure in rainbow trout. J. Fish Biol. 52, 655-664.
32. - uptake kinetics, diffusive effluxes and acidic equivalent fluxes across the gills of rainbow trout. J. Exp. Biol. 152, 549-571.
33. Greene, H. W. (1997). Snakes: The Evolution of Mystery in Nature. Berkeley, CA: California Press.
34. Grosell, M. (2006). Intestinal anion exchange in marine fish osmoregulation. J. Exp. Biol. 209, 2813-2827.
35. Hanchet, S. (1991). Diet of spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias Linnaeus, on the East coast, South Island, New-Zealand. J. Fish Biol. 39, 313-323.
36. Handy, R. D. and Poxton, M. G. (1993). Nitrogen pollution in mariculture: toxicity and excretion of nitrogenous compounds by marine fish. Rev. Fish Biol. Fish. 3, 205-241.
37. Hernandez, M. P. G., Lozano, M. T., Elbal, M. T. and Agulleiro, B. (2001). Development of the digestive tract of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L). Light and electron microscopic studies. Anat. Embryol. 204, 39-57.
38. Hersey, S. J. and Sachs, G. (1995). Gastric acid secretion. Physiol. Rev. 75, 155-189.
39. Hicks, J. W., Wang, T. and Bennett, A. F. (2000). Patterns of cardiovascular and ventilatory response to elevated metabolic states in the lizard Varanus exanthematicus. J. Exp. Biol. 203, 2437-2445.
40. Higgins, H. L. (1975). The influence of food, posture, and other factors on the alveolar carbon dioxide tension in man. Am. J. Physiol. 34, 14-126.
41. Holstein, B. (1975). Gastric acid secretion in a teleostean fish: a method for the continuous collection of gastric effluence from a swimming fish and its response to histamine and pentagastrin. Acta Physiol. Scand. 95, 417-423.
42. Jayaram, M. G. and Beamish, F. W. H. (1992). Influence of dietary protein and lipid on nitrogen and energy losses in lake trout, Salvelinus namaycush. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 49, 2267-2272.
43. Johnson, C. D., Harris, P. A., and Wastell, C. (1990). Quantitative relation between gastric acid secretion and changes in urinary acid excretion. Gut 31, 862-866.
44. Johnson, C. D., Mole, D. R. and Pestridge, A. (1995). Postprandial alkaline tide: does it exist? Digestion 56, 100-106.
45. Jones, B. C. and Geen, G. H. (1977). Food and feeding of spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) in British Columbia waters. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 34, 2067-2078.
46. Kageyama, T. (2002). Pepsinogens, progastricsins, and prochymosins: structure, function, evolution, and development. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 59, 288-306.
47. Kaushik, S. J. and Teles, A. D. (1985). Effect of digestible energy on nitrogen and energy balance in rainbow trout. Aquaculture 50, 89-101.
48. Leung, K. M. Y., Chu, J. C. W. and Wu, R. S. S. (1999). Interacting effects of water temperature and dietary protein levels on post-prandial ammonia excretion by the areolated grouper Epinephelus areolatus (Forskal). Aquaculture Res. 30, 793-798.
49. Li, M. and Lovell, R. T. (1992). Effect of dietary protein concentration on nitrogenous waste in intensively fed catfish ponds. J. World Aquac. Soc. 23, 122-127.
50. Lo, M. J. and Weng, C. F. (2006). Developmental regulation of gastric pepsin and pancreatic serine protease in larvae of the euryhaline teleost, Oreochromis mossambicus. Aquaculture 261, 1403-1412.
51. McDonald, D. G. and Wood, C. M. (1981). Branchial and renal acid and ion fluxes in the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, at low environmental pH. J. Exp. Biol. 93, 101-118.
52. Medale, F., Brauge, C., Vallee, F. and Kaushik, S. J. (1995). Effects of dietary protein energy ratio, ration size, dietary energy source and water temperature on nitrogen excretion in rainbow trout. Water Sci. Technol. 31, 185-194.
53. Moon, T. W. (2001). Glucose intolerance in teleost fish: fact or fiction? Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 129B, 243-249.
54. Niv, Y. and Fraser, G. M. (2002). The alkaline tide phenomenon. J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 35, 5-8.
55. Niv, Y., Abuavid, S. and Neumann, G. (1993). Further applications of blood gas analysis to gastric acidity determination. Clin. Chim. Acta 215, 9-19.
56. Oderda, G., Rapa, A., Chiorboli, E., Ronchi, B., Zavallone, A. and Strigini, L. (2002). Measurement of postprandial changes in urine acid output to detect changes of gastric acid secretion after proton pump inhibitors in children. Dig. Dis. Sci. 47, 1843-1849.
57. 2 and ventilatory response in cats. Respir. Physiol. 22, 263-268.
58. Overgaard, J., Busk, M., Hicks, J. W., Jensen, F. B. and Wang, T. (1999). Acid-base status and arterial oxygen transport following feeding in the snake Python molurus. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A 124, 361-367.
59. Perry, S. F. and Wood, C. M. (1989). Control and co-ordination of gas transfer in fishes. Can. J. Zool. 67, 2961-2970.
60. Perry, S. F., Shahsavarani, A., Georgalis, T., Bayaa, M., Furimsky, M. and Thomas, S. L. Y. (2003). Channels, pumps, and exchangers in the gill and kidney of freshwater fishes: Their role in ionic and acid-base regulation. J. Exp. Zool. A 300A, 53-62.
61. Piermarini, P. M., Verlander, J. W., Royaux, I. E. and Evans, D. H. (2002). Pendrin immunoreactivity in the gill epithelium of a euryhaline elasmobranch. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 283, R983-R992.
62. Rahmatullah, M. and Boyde, T. R. C. (1980). Improvements in the determination of urea using diacetyl monoxime: methods with and without deproteinization. Clin. Chim. Acta 107, 3-9.
63. Rune, S. J. (1965). The metabolic alkalosis following aspiration of gastric acid secretion. Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 17, 305-310.
64. Rune, S. J. (1966). Comparison of the rates of gastric acid secretion in man after ingestion of food and after maximal stimulation with histamine. Gut 7, 344-350.
65. Secor, S. M. and Diamond, J. (1998). A vertebrate model of extreme physiological regulation. Nature 395, 659-662.
66. Secor, S. M., Hicks, J. W. and Bennett, A. F. (2000). Ventilatory and cardiovascular responses of a python (Python molurus) to exercise and digestion. J. Exp. Biol. 203, 2447-2454.
67. Shine, R., Harlow, P. S., Keogh, J. S. and Boeadi (1998). The influence of sex and body size on food habits of a giant tropical snake, Python reticulatus. Function. Ecol. 12, 248-258.
68. Smolka, A., Lacy, E., Luciano, L. and Reale, E. (1994). Identification of gastric H,K-ATPase in an early vertebrate, the Atlantic stingray Dasyatis sabina. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 42, 1323-1332.
69. Soivio, A., Westman, K. and Nyholm, K. (1972). Improved method of dorsal aorta catheterization: haematological effects followed for 3 weeks in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Finn. Fish Res. 1, 11-21.
70. Stone, D. A. J., Allan, G. L. and Anderson, A. J. (2003). Carbohydrate utilization by juvenile silver perch, Bidyanus bidyanus (Mitchell). III. The protein-sparing effect of wheat starch-based carbohydrates. Aquaculture Res. 34, 123-134.
71. +-ATPase expression in rainbow trout. J. Exp. Biol. 209, 3719-3728.
72. Tanasichuk, R. W., Ware, D. M., Shaw, W. and McFarlane, G. A. (1991). Variations in diet, daily ration, and feeding periodicity of pacific hake (Merluccius productus) and spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) off the lower West coast of Vancouver Island. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 48, 2118-2128.
73. Taylor, J. R. and Grosell, M. (2006). Feeding and osmoregulation: dual function of the marine teleost intestine. J. Exp. Biol. 209, 2939-2951.
74. Taylor, J. R., Whittamore, J. M., Wilson, R. W. and Grosell, M. (2007). Postprandial acid-base balance and ion regulation in freshwater and seawater-acclimated European flounder, Platichthys flesus. J. Comp. Physiol. B 177, 597-608.
75. Tresguerres, M., Katoh, F., Orr, E., Parks, S. K. and Goss, G. G. (2006). Chloride uptake and base secretion in freshwater fish: A transepithelial ion-transport metabolon? Physiol. Biochem. Zool. 79, 981-996.
76. +-ATPase translocation during blood alkalosis in dogfish gills: interaction with carbonic anhydrase and involvement in the postfeeding alkaline tide. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 292, R2012-R2019.
77. - secretion in the stomach of the teleost fish, Anguilla anguilla: stimulation by histamine and carbachol. J. Comp. Physiol. B 168, 1-8.
78. Van Slyke, D. D., Stillman, E. and Cullen, G. E. (1917). Studies of acidosis. V. Alveolar carbon dioxide and plasma bicarbonate in normal men during digestive rest and activity. J. Biol. Chem. 30, 401-404.
79. vanWeerd, J. H., Verastegui, A. M. and Tijssen, P. A. T. (1995). Nitrogen excretion and determination of nitrogen and energy budgets in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss R) under different feeding regimes. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 11, 322-328.
80. Verdouw, H., van Echted, C. J. A. and Dekkers, E. M. J. (1978). Ammonia determination based on indophenol formation with sodium salicylate. Water. Res. 12, 399-402.
81. Wang, T., Burggren, W. and Nobrega, E. (1995). Metabolic, ventilatory, and acid base responses associated with specific dynamic action in the toad Bufo marinus. Physiol. Zool. 68, 192-205.
82. Wang, T., Busk, M. and Overgaard, J. (2001a). The respiratory consequences of feeding in amphibians and reptiles. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 128A, 533-547.
83. Wang, T., Taylor, E. W., Andrade, D. and Abe, A. S. (2001b). Autonomic control of heart rate during forced activity and digestion in the snake Boa constrictor. J. Exp. Biol. 204, 3553-3560.
84. Wicks, B. J. and Randall, D. J. (2002). The effect of feeding and fasting on ammonia toxicity in juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Aquat. Toxicol. 59, 71-82.
85. Wiggs, A. J., Henderson, E. B., Saunders, R. L. and Kutty, M. N. (1989). Activity, respiration, and excretion of ammonia by Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolt and postsmolt. Can. J. Fish. Aquatic Sci8-. 46, 790-795.
86. - movements across the gills of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in alkaline (pH=9.5) water. Physiol. Biochem. Zool. 72, 360-368.
87. Wilson, R. P. (1994). Utilization of dietary carbohydrate by fish. Aquaculture 124, 67-80.
88. Wilson, R. W., Wilson, J. M. and Grosell, M. (2002). Intestinal bicarbonate secretion by marine teleost fish-why and how? Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1566, 182-193.
89. Wolf, K. (1963). Physiological salines for freshwater teleosts. Prog. Fish Culturist. 25, 135-140.
90. Wood, C. M., McDonald, D. G. and McMahon, B. R. (1982). The influence of experimental anaemia on blood acid-base regulation in vivo and in vitro in the starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus) and the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). J. Exp. Biol. 96, 221-237.
91. Wood, C. M., Milllgan, C. L. and Walsh, P. J. (1999). Renal responses of trout to chronic respiratory and metabolic acidoses and metabolic alkalosis. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 277, R482-R492.
92. Wood, C. M., Kajimura, M., Mommsen, T. P. and Walsh, P. J. (2005). Alkaline tide and nitrogen conservation after feeding in an elasmobranch (Squalus acanthias). J. Exp. Biol. 208, 2693-2705.
93. Wood, C. M., Kajimura, M., Bucking, C. and Walsh, P. J. (2007a). Osmoregulation, ionoregulation and acid-base regulation by the gastrointestinal tract after feeding in the elasmobranch (Squalus acanthias). J. Exp. Biol. 210, 1335-1349.
94. Wood, C. M., Bucking, C. P., Fitzpatrick, J. and Nadella, S. R. (2007b). The alkaline tide goes out and the nitrogen stays in after feeding in the dogfish shark, Squalus acanthias. Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol. 159, 163-170.
95. Wright, P. A. (1993). Nitrogen excretion and enzyme pathways for ureagenesis in freshwater tilapia (Oreeochromis niloticus). Physiol. Zool. 66, 881-901.