Prostate cancer. Diagnosis and staging;Cancer de la prostate. Diagnostic et bilan d'extension

Annales d'Urologie

Volumn 38, Issue 5, 2004, Pages 207-224

  Fournier, G ^a   Valeri, A ^a   Mangin, P ^b   Cussenot, O ^c  

^a BREST UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (France)

^b CHU NANCY BRABOIS   (France)

^c HÔPITAL TENON   (France)

Author keywords

Antig ne sp cifique de la prostate; Cancer de la prostate; Prostate cancer; Prostate specific antigen

Indexed keywords

PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN;

ACCURACY; ANTIGEN SPECIFICITY; CANCER DIAGNOSIS; CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY; CANCER GROWTH; CANCER SCREENING; CANCER STAGING; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE; ETHNOLOGY; FLUORESCENCE IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION; GENETIC PREDISPOSITION; HUMAN; IMAGING SYSTEM; NOMOGRAM; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PROSTATE BIOPSY; PROSTATE CANCER; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; REVIEW; SCINTIGRAPHY; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SEX ROLE; TRANSRECTAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY; TUMOR DIFFERENTIATION;

EID: 5044230188     PISSN: 00034401     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.anuro.2004.06.003     Document Type: Short Survey

References (100)

1. Alavi A.S., Soloway M.S., Vaidya A., Lynne C.M., and Gheiler E.L. Local anesthesia for ultrasound guided prostate biopsy: a prospective randomized trial comparing 2 methods J Urol 166 2001 1343 1345
2. Aron M., Rajeev T.P., and Gupta N.P. Antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal needle biopsy of the prostate: a randomized controlled study BJU Int 85 2000 682 685
3. Bartsch G., Horninger W., Klocker H., Reissigl A., Oberaigner W., and Schonitzer D. Prostate cancer mortality after introduction of prostate-specific antigen mass screening in the Federal State of Tyrol, Austria Urology 58 2001 417 424
4. Boer R., and Schroder F.H. Quebec randomized controlled trial on prostate cancer screening shows no evidence for mortality reduction Prostate 40 1999 130 134
5. Bostwick D.G., Qian J., and Schlesinger C. Contemporary pathology of prostate cancer Urol Clin North Am 30 2003 181 207
6. Brawer M.K., Aramburu E.A., Chen G.L., Preston S.D., and Ellis W.J. The inability of prostate specific antigen index to enhance the predictive the value of prostate specific antigen in the diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma J Urol 150 2Pt1 1993 369 373
7. Brawer M.K., Cheli C.D., Neaman I.E., Goldblatt J., Smith C., and Schwartz M.K. Complexed prostate specific antigen provides significant enhancement of specificity compared with total prostate specific antigen for detecting prostate cancer J Urol 163 2000 1476 1480
8. Brawer M.K., Chetner M.P., Beatie J., Buchner D.M., Vessella R.L., and Lange P.H. Screening for prostatic carcinoma with prostate specific antigen J Urol 147 3Pt2 1992 841 845
9. Canto E.I., Shariat S.F., and Slawin K.M. Biochemical staging of prostate cancer Urol Clin North Am 30 2003 263 277
10. Carey J.M., and Korman H.J. Transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy of the prostate. Do enemas decrease clinically significant complications? J Urol 166 2001 82 85
11. Carter H.B., Hamper U.M., Sheth S., Sanders R.C., Epstein J.I., and Walsh P.C. Evaluation of transrectal ultrasound in the early detection of prostate cancer J Urol 142 1989 1008 1010
12. Carter H.B., and Partin A.W. Diagnosis and staging of prostate cancer Campbell's urology 2002 WB Saunders Philadelphia 3055 3079
13. Carter H.B., Pearson J.D., Metter E.J., Brant L.J., Chan D.W., and Andres R. Longitudinal evaluation of prostate-specific antigen levels in men with and without prostate disease JAMA 267 1992 2215 2220
14. Carvalhal G.F., Smith D.S., Mager D.E., Ramos C., and Catalona W.J. Digital rectal examination for detecting prostate cancer at prostate specific antigen levels of 4 ng/ml or less J Urol 161 1999 835 839
15. Catalona W.J., Hudson M.A., Scardino P.T., Richie J.P., Ahmann F.R., and Flanigan R.C. Selection of optimal prostate specific antigen cutoffs for early detection of prostate cancer: receiver operating characteristic curves J Urol 152 6Pt1 1994 2037 2042
16. Catalona W.J., Partin A.W., Slawin K.M., Brawer M.K., Flanigan R.C., and Patel A. Use of the percentage of free prostate-specific antigen to enhance differentiation of prostate cancer from benign prostatic disease: a prospective multicenter clinical trial JAMA 279 1998 1542 1547
17. Catalona W.J., Ramos C.G., Carvalhal G.F., and Yan Y. Lowering PSA cutoffs to enhance detection of curable prostate cancer Urology 55 2000 791 795
18. Catalona W.J., Richie J.P., Ahmann F.R., Hudson M.A., Scardino P.T., and Flanigan R.C. Comparison of digital rectal examination and serum prostate specific antigen in the early detection of prostate cancer: results of a multicenter clinical trial of 6,630 men J Urol 151 1994 1283 1290
19. Catalona W.J., Smith D.S., and Ornstein D.K. Prostate cancer detection in men with serum PSA concentrations of 2.6 to 4.0 ng/mL and benign prostate examination. Enhancement of specificity with free PSA measurements JAMA 277 1997 1452 1455
20. Catalona W.J., Smith D.S., Ratliff T.L., and Basler J.W. Detection of organ-confined prostate cancer is increased through prostate-specific antigen-based screening JAMA 270 1993 948 954
21. Catalona W.J., Smith D.S., Wolfert R.L., Wang T.J., Rittenhouse H.G., and Ratliff T.L. Evaluation of percentage of free serum prostate-specific antigen to improve specificity of prostate cancer screening JAMA 274 1995 1214 1220
22. Catalona W.J., Southwick P.C., Slawin K.M., Partin A.W., Brawer M.K., and Flanigan R.C. Comparison of percent free PSA, PSA density, and age-specific PSA cutoffs for prostate cancer detection and staging Urology 56 2000 255 260
23. Chen Y.T., Luderer A.A., Thiel R.P., Carlson G., Cuny C.L., and Soriano T.F. Using proportions of free to total prostate-specific antigen, age, and total prostate-specific antigen to predict the probability of prostate cancer Urology 47 1996 518 524
24. Chybowski F.M., Keller J.J., Bergstralh E.J., and Oesterling J.E. Predicting radionuclide bone scan findings in patients with newly diagnosed, untreated prostate cancer: prostate specific antigen is superior to all other clinical parameters J Urol 145 1991 313 318
25. Cooner W.H., Mosley B.R., Rutherford C.L. Jr, Beard J.H., Pond H.S., and Terry W.J. Prostate cancer detection in a clinical urological practice by ultrasonography, digital rectal examination and prostate specific antigen J Urol 143 1990 1146 1154
26. Cormier L., Valeri A., Azzouzi R., Fournier G., Cussenot O., and Berthon P. Worry and attitude of men in at-risk families for prostate cancer about genetic susceptibility and genetic testing Prostate 51 2002 276 285
27. Cupp M.R., Bostwick D.G., Myers R.P., and Oesterling J.E. The volume of prostate cancer in the biopsy specimen cannot reliably predict the quantity of cancer in the radical prostatectomy specimen on an individual basis J Urol 153 1995 1543 1548
28. Cussenot O. Interprétation clinique d'une élévation du taux des PSA sanguins Méd Thér 8 2002 25 32
29. Cussenot O., Teillac P., Berthon P., and Latil A. Noninvasive detection of genetic instability in cells from prostatic secretion as a marker of prostate cancer Eur J Intern Med 12 2001 17 19
30. D'Amico A.V., Keshaviah A., Manola J., Cote K., Loffredo M., and Iskrzytzky O. Clinical utility of the percentage of positive prostate biopsies in predicting prostate cancer-specific and overall survival after radiotherapy for patients with localized prostate cancer Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 53 2002 581 587
31. D'Amico A.V., Whittington R., Malkowicz S.B., Schultz D., Fondurulia J., and Chen M.H. Clinical utility of the percentage of positive prostate biopsies in defining biochemical outcome after radical prostatectomy for patients with clinically localized prostate cancer J Clin Oncol 18 2000 1164 1172
32. Danella J.F., de Kernion J.B., Smith R.B., and Steckel J. The contemporary incidence of lymph node metastases in prostate cancer: implications for laparoscopic lymph node dissection J Urol 149 1993 1488 1491
33. de Koning H.J., Auvinen A., Berenguer Sanchez A., Calais da Silva F., Ciatto S., and Denis L. Large-scale randomized prostate cancer screening trials: program performances in the European Randomized Screening for Prostate Cancer trial and the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovary cancer trial Int J Cancer 97 2002 237 244
34. Djavan B., Zlotta A., Kratzik C., Remzi M., Seitz C., and Schulman C.C. PSA, PSA density, PSA density of transition zone, free/total PSA ratio, and PSA velocity for early detection of prostate cancer in men with serum PSA 2.5 to 4.0 ng/mL Urology 54 1999 517 522
35. Djavan B., Zlotta A.R., Remzi M., Ghawidel K., Bursa B., and Hruby S. Total and transition zone prostate volume and age: how do they affect the utility of PSA-based diagnostic parameters for early prostate cancer detection? Urology 54 1999 846 852
36. Ellis W.J., Chetner M.P., Preston S.D., and Brawer M.K. Diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma: the yield of serum prostate specific antigen, digital rectal examination and transrectal ultrasonography J Urol 152 5Pt1 1994 1520 1525
37. Enlund A.L., and Varenhorst E. Morbidity of ultrasound-guided transrectal core biopsy of the prostate without prophylactic antibiotic therapy Br J Urol 79 1997 777 780 A prospective study in 415 cases
38. Epstein J.I., Walsh P.C., and Brendler C.B. Radical prostatectomy for impalpable prostate cancer: the Johns Hopkins experience with tumors found on transurethral resection (stages T1A and T1B) and on needle biopsy (stage T1C) J Urol 152 5Pt2 1994 1721 1729
39. Eskew L.A., Bare R.L., and McCullough D.L. Systematic 5 region prostate biopsy is superior to sextant method for diagnosing carcinoma of the prostate J Urol 157 1997 199 203
40. Fang J., Metter E.J., Landis P., Chan D.W., Morrell C.H., and Carter H.B. Low levels of prostate-specific antigen predict long-term risk of prostate cancer: results from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging Urology 58 2001 411 416
41. Feneley M.R., and Partin A.W. Indicators of pathologic stage of prostate cancer and their use in clinical practice Urol Clin North Am 28 2001 443 458
42. Gann P.H., Hennekens C.H., and Stampfer M.J. A prospective evaluation of plasma prostate-specific antigen for detection of prostatic cancer JAMA 273 1995 289 294
43. Graefen M., Karakiewicz P.I., Cagiannos I., Hammerer P.G., Haese A., and Palisaar J. A validation of two preoperative nomograms predicting recurrence following radical prostatectomy in a cohort of European men Urol Oncol 7 2002 141 146
44. Guess H.A., Heyse J.F., Gormley G.J., Stoner E., and Oesterling J.E. Effect of finasteride on serum PSA concentration in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia Urol Clin North Am 20 1993 627 636 Results from the North American phase III clinical trial
45. Guillonneau B., Debras B., Veillon B., Bougaran J., Chambon E., and Vallancien G. Indications for preoperative seminal vesicle biopsies in staging of clinically localized prostatic cancer Eur Urol 32 1997 160 165
46. Haese A., Dworschack R.T., and Partin A.W. Percent free prostate specific antigen in the total prostate specific antigen 2 to 4 ng/ml range does not substantially increase the number of biopsies needed to detect clinically significant prostate cancer compared to the 4 to 10 ng./ml. range J Urol 168 2002 504 508
47. Hammerer P., and Huland H. Systematic sextant biopsies in 651 patients referred for prostate evaluation J Urol 151 1994 99 102
48. Han M., Partin A.W., Pound C.R., Epstein J.I., and Walsh P.C. Long-term biochemical disease-free and cancer-specific survival following anatomic radical retropubic prostatectomy Urol Clin North Am 28 2001 555 565 The 15-year Johns Hopkins experience
49. Hodge K.K., McNeal J.E., Terris M.K., and Stamey T.A. Random systematic versus directed ultrasound guided transrectal core biopsies of the prostate J Urol 142 1989 71 75
50. Hull G.W., Rabbani F., Abbas F., Wheeler T.M., Kattan M.W., and Scardino P.T. Cancer control with radical prostatectomy alone in 1000 consecutive patients J Urol 167 2Pt1 2002 528 534
51. Iacovou J.W., Marks J.C., Abrams P.H., Gingell J.C., and Ball A.J. Cord compression and carcinoma of the prostate: is laminectomy justified? Br J Urol 57 1985 733 736
52. Ito K., Kubota Y., Yamamoto T., Suzuki K., Fukabori Y., and Kurokawa K. Long term follow-up of mass screening for prostate carcinoma in men with initial prostate specific antigen levels of 4.0 ng/ml or less Cancer 91 2001 744 751
53. Jewett H.J. Significance of the palpable prostatic nodule JAMA 160 1956 838
54. Kattan M.W. Nomograms are superior to staging and risk grouping systems for identifying high-risk patients: preoperative application in prostate cancer Curr Opin Urol 13 2003 111 116
55. Kattan M.W., Potters L., Blasko J.C., Beyer D.C., Fearn P., and Cavanagh W. Pretreatment nomogram for predicting freedom from recurrence after permanent prostate brachytherapy in prostate cancer Urology 58 2001 393 399
56. Kattan M.W., Wheeler T.M., and Scardino P.T. Postoperative nomogram for disease recurrence after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer J Clin Oncol 17 1999 1499 1507
57. Kattan M.W., Zelefsky M.J., Kupelian P.A., Scardino P.T., Fuks Z., and Leibel S.A. Pretreatment nomogram for predicting the outcome of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy in prostate cancer J Clin Oncol 18 2000 3352 3359
58. Katz A.E., Olsson C.A., Raffo A.J., Cama C., Perlman H., and Seaman E. Molecular staging of prostate cancer with the use of an enhanced reverse transcriptase-PCR assay Urology 43 1994 765 775
59. Labrie F., Candas B., Dupont A., Cusan L., Gomez J.L., and Suburu R.E. Screening decreases prostate cancer death: first analysis of the 1988 Quebec prospective randomized controlled trial Prostate 38 1999 83 91
60. Levine M.A., Ittman M., Melamed J., and Lepor H. Two consecutive sets of transrectal ultrasound guided sextant biopsies of the prostate for the detection of prostate cancer J Urol 159 1998 471 476
61. Mangin P., Cormier L., and Valeri A. Should we screen for prostate cancer? Ann Urol 32 1998 63 67
62. Matlaga B.R., Eskew L.A., and McCullough D.L. Prostate biopsy: indications and technique J Urol 169 2003 12 19
63. Mistry K., and Cable G. Meta-analysis of prostate-specific antigen and digital rectal examination as screening tests for prostate carcinoma J Am Board Fam Pract 16 2003 95 101
64. Moul J.W. Targeted screening for prostate cancer in African-American men Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 3 2000 248 255
65. Moul J.W., Kane C.J., and Malkowicz S.B. The role of imaging studies and molecular markers for selecting candidates for radical prostatectomy Urol Clin North Am 28 2001 459 472
66. Oesterling J.E., Jacobsen S.J., Chute C.G., Guess H.A., Girman C.J., and Panser L.A. Serum prostate-specific antigen in a community-based population of healthy men JAMA 270 1993 860 864 Establishment of age-specific reference ranges
67. Oesterling J.E., Martin S.K., Bergstralh E.J., and Lowe F.C. The use of prostate-specific antigen in staging patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer JAMA 269 1993 57 60
68. Park S., Shinohara K., Grossfeld G.D., and Carroll P.R. Prostate cancer detection in men with prior high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia or atypical prostate biopsy J Urol 165 2001 1409 1414
69. Partin A.W., Carter H.B., Chan D.W., Epstein J.I., Oesterling J.E., and Rock R.C. Prostate specific antigen in the staging of localized prostate cancer: influence of tumor differentiation, tumor volume and benign hyperplasia J Urol 143 1990 747 752
70. Partin A.W., Mangold L.A., Lamm D.M., Walsh P.C., Epstein J.I., and Pearson J.D. Contemporary update of prostate cancer staging nomograms (Partin Tables) for the new millennium Urology 58 2001 843 848
71. Partin A.W., Yoo J., Carter H.B., Pearson J.D., Chan D.W., and Epstein J.I. The use of prostate specific antigen, clinical stage and Gleason score to predict pathological stage in men with localized prostate cancer J Urol 150 1993 110 114
72. Polascik T.J., Manyak M.J., Haseman M.K., Gurganus R.T., Rogers B., and Maguire R.T. Comparison of clinical staging algorithms and 111indium-capromab pendetide immunoscintigraphy in the prediction of lymph node involvement in high risk prostate carcinoma patients Cancer 85 1999 1586 1592
73. Presti J.C. Jr, Chang J.J., Bhargava V., and Shinohara K. The optimal systematic prostate biopsy scheme should include 8 rather than 6 biopsies: results of a prospective clinical trial J Urol 163 2000 163 167
74. Purohit R.S., Shinohara K., Meng M.V., and Carroll P.R. Imaging clinically localized prostate cancer Urol Clin North Am 30 2003 279 293
75. Ravery V., Boccon-Gibod L.A., Dauge-Geffroy M.C., Billebaud T., Delmas V., and Meulemans A. Systematic biopsies accurately predict extracapsular extension of prostate cancer and persistent/recurrent detectable PSA after radical prostatectomy Urology 44 1994 371 376
76. Rietbergen J.B., Hoedemaeker R.F., Kruger A.E., Kirkels W.J., and Schroder F.H. The changing pattern of prostate cancer at the time of diagnosis: characteristics of screen detected prostate cancer in a population based screening study J Urol 161 1999 1192 1198
77. Rifkin M.D., Zerhouni E.A., Gatsonis C.A., Quint L.E., Paushter D.M., and Epstein J.I. Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography in staging early prostate cancer Results of a multi-institutional cooperative trial N Engl J Med 323 1990 621 626
78. Roach M. 3rd, Marquez C., Yuo H.S., Narayan P., Coleman L., and Nseyo U.O. Predicting the risk of lymph node involvement using the pre-treatment prostate specific antigen and Gleason score in men with clinically localized prostate cancer Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 28 1994 33 37
79. Roberts R.O., Bergstralh E.J., Katusic S.K., Lieber M.M., and Jacobsen S.J. Decline in prostate cancer mortality from 1980 to 1997, and an update on incidence trends in Olmsted County, Minnesota J Urol 161 1999 529 533
80. Rodriguez L.V., and Terris M.K. Risks and complications of transrectal ultrasound guided prostate needle biopsy: a prospective study and review of the literature J Urol 160 6Pt1 1998 2115 2120
81. Rosenthal M.A., Rosen D., Raghavan D., Leicester J., Duval P., and Besser M. Spinal cord compression in prostate cancer. A 10-year experience Br J Urol 69 1992 530 533
82. Schroder F.H. Screening for prostate cancer Urol Clin North Am 30 2003 239 251
83. Schroder F.H., van der Maas P., Beemsterboer P., Kruger A.B., Hoedemaeker R., and Rietbergen J. Evaluation of the digital rectal examination as a screening test for prostate cancer. Rotterdam section of the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer J Natl Cancer Inst 90 1998 1817 1823
84. Seaman E., Whang M., Olsson C.A., Katz A., Cooner W.H., and Benson M.C. PSA density (PSAD). Role in patient evaluation and management Urol Clin North Am 20 1993 653 663
85. Seaman E.K., Sawczuk I.S., Fatal M., Olsson C.A., and Shabsigh R. Transperineal prostate needle biopsy guided by transurethral ultrasound in patients without a rectum Urology 47 1996 353 355
86. Shinghal R., and Terris M.K. Limitations of transperineal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsies Urology 54 1999 706 708
87. Smith D.S., Carvalhal G.F., Mager D.E., Bullock A.D., and Catalona W.J. Use of lower prostate specific antigen cutoffs for prostate cancer screening in black and white men J Urol 160 1998 1734 1738
88. Smith D.S., and Catalona W.J. Rate of change in serum prostate specific antigen levels as a method for prostate cancer detection J Urol 152 1994 1163 1167
89. Smith J.A. Jr, Scardino P.T., Resnick M.I., Hernandez A.D., Rose S.C., and Egger M.J. Transrectal ultrasound versus digital rectal examination for the staging of carcinoma of the prostate: results of a prospective, multi-institutional trial J Urol 157 1997 902 906
90. Stamey T.A., Villers A.A., McNeal J.E., Link P.C., and Freiha F.S. Positive surgical margins at radical prostatectomy: importance of the apical dissection J Urol 143 1990 1166 1173
91. Stamey T.A., Yang N., Hay A.R., McNeal J.E., Freiha F.S., and Redwine E. Prostate-specific antigen as a serum marker for adenocarcinoma of the prostate N Engl J Med 317 1987 909 916
92. Stewart C.S., Leibovich B.C., Weaver A.L., and Lieber M.M. Prostate cancer diagnosis using a saturation needle biopsy technique after previous negative sextant biopsies J Urol 166 2001 86 92
93. Tombal B., De Visccher L., Cosyns J.P., Lorge F., Opsomer R., and Wese F.X. Assessing the risk of unsuspected prostate cancer in patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy: a 13-year retrospective study of the incidence and natural history of T1a-T1b prostate cancers BJU Int 84 1999 1015 1020
94. Tornblom M., Norming U., Adolfsson J., Becker C., Abrahamsson P.A., and Lilja H. Diagnostic value of percent free prostate-specific antigen: retrospective analysis of a population-based screening study with emphasis on men with PSA levels less than 3.0 ng/mL Urology 53 1999 945 950
95. Uzzo R.G., Pinover W.H., Horwitz E.M., Parlanti A., Mazzoni S., and Raysor S. Free prostate-specific antigen improves prostate cancer detection in a high-risk population of men with a normal total PSA and digitalrectal examination Urology 61 2003 754 759
96. Valeri A., Cormier L., Moineau M.P., Cancel-Tassin G., Azzouzi R., and Doucet L. Targeted screening for prostate cancer in high risk families: early onset is a significant risk factor for disease in first degree relatives J Urol 168 2002 483 487
97. Wilkinson B.A., and Hamdy F.C. State-of-the-art staging in prostate cancer BJU Int 87 2001 423 430
98. Wolk A., Andersson S.O., Mantzoros C.S., Trichopoulos D., and Adami H.O. Can measurements of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 improve the sensitivity of prostate-cancer screening? Lancet 356 2000 1902 1903
99. Yu K.K., Scheidler J., Hricak H., Vigneron D.B., Zaloudek C.J., and Males R.G. Prostate cancer: prediction of extracapsular extension with endorectal MR imaging and three-dimensional proton MR spectroscopic imaging Radiology 213 1999 481 488
100. Zlotta A.R., Djavan B., Damoun M., Roumeguere T., Petein M., and Entezari K. The importance of measuring the prostatic transition zone: an anatomical and radiological study BJU Int 84 1999 661 666