Effect of polyaluminum chloride on enhanced softening for the typical organic-polluted high hardness North-China surface waters

Separation and Purification Technology

Volumn 62, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 401-406

  Yan, Mingquan ^a,b   Wang, Dongsheng ^b   Ni, Jinren ^a   Qu, Jiuhui ^b   Yan, You ^c   Chow, Christopher W K ^d  

^a PEKING UNIVERSITY   (China)

^b RESEARCH CENTER FOR ECO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES   (China)

^c Waterborne Transportation Institute   (China)

^d SA WATER   (Australia)

Author keywords

Enhanced softening; Magnesium; Natural organic matter; pH; Polyaluminum chloride

Indexed keywords

COAGULATION; HARDNESS; SURFACE TREATMENT; WATER POLLUTION; WATER TREATMENT;

ENHANCED SOFTENING; HIGH HARDNESS; MAGNESIUM; NATURAL ORGANIC MATTER; PH; POLYALUMINUM CHLORIDE;

SURFACE WATERS;

EID: 50049090623     PISSN: 13835866     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2008.02.014     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. USEPA. Enhanced Coagulation and Enhanced Precipitative Softening Guidance Manual, EPA (1998), Office of Water and Drinking Ground Water, Washington, DC pp. 20-50
2. Iriarte-Velasco U., Álvarez-Uriarte J.I., and González-Velasco J.R. Enhanced coagulation under changing alkalinity-hardness conditions and its implications on trihalomethane precursors removal and relationship with UV absorbance. Sep. Purif. Technol. 55 (2007) 368-380
3. Black A.P., and Christman R.F. Chemical characteristics of fulvic acids. J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 53 (1961) 897-916
4. Randtke S.J., Thiel C.E., Liao M.Y., and Yamaya C.N. Removing soluble organic contaminants by lime-softening. J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 74 4 (1982) 192-202
5. Semmens M.J., and Staples A.B. The nature of organics removed during treatment of Mississippi River water. J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 78 2 (1986) 76-91
6. Randtke S.J. Organic contaminant removal by coagulation and related process combinations. J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 80 5 (1988) 40-56
7. Somasundaran P., and Agar G.E. The zero point of charge of calcite. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 24 (1967) 433-438
8. Stumm W. Chemistry of Solid Water Interface (1992), Wiley, New York
9. Newcombe G., Donati C., Drikas M., and Hayes R. Adsorption onto activated. Carbon: electrostatic and non-electrostatic interactions. Water Supply 14 (1994) 129-144
10. Bob M., and Walker H.W. Enhanced adsorption of natural organic matter on calcium carbonate particles through surface charge modification. Colloid Surf. A 191 (2001) 17-25
11. M. Bob, Enhanced Removal of Natural Organic Matter During Lime-Soda Softening. Dissertation for Ph.D, Ohio State University, Columbus, 2003.
12. Thompson J.D., White M.C., Harrington G.W., and Singer P.C. Enhanced softening: factors influencing DBP precursor removal. J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 89 5 (1997) 64-79
13. Leentvaar J., and Rebhum M. Effect of magnesium and calcium precipitation on coagulation-flocculation with lime. Water Res. 16 (1982) 655-662
14. Coro E., and Laha S. Colour removal in groundwater through the enhanced softening process. Water Res. 35 (2001) 1851-1854
15. Wang D.S., Sun W., Xu Y., Tang H.X., and Gregory J. Speciation stability of inorganic polymer flocculant-PACl. Colloid Surf. A 243 (2004) 1-10
16. Yan M.Q., Wang D.S., Qu J.H., He W.J., and Chow C. Relative importance of hydrolyzed Al(III) species (Ala Alb and Alc) during coagulation with polyaluminum chloride: a case study with the typical micro-polluted source waters. J. Colliod Interface Sci. 316 (2007) 482-489
17. Dempsey B.A., Sheu H., Ahmed T.T.M., and Mentink J. Poly-aluminum chloride and alum coagulation of clay-fulvic acid suspensions. J. Am. Water Work Assoc. 77 3 (1985) 74-80
18. Yan M.Q., Wang D.S., You S.J., Qu J.H., and Tang H.X. Enhanced coagulation in a typical North-China water plant. Water Res. 40 (2006) 3621-3627
19. Wang D.S., and Tang H.X. Modified inorganic polymer flocculant-PFSi: Its preparation, characterization and coagulation behavior. Water Res. 35 (2001) 3418-3428
20. APHA AWWA WEF. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 19th ed. (1995), American Public Health Association, Washington, DC pp. 253-258
21. Liao M.Y., and Randtke S.J. Removing fulvic acid by lime softening. J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 77 8 (1985) 78-88
22. Skoog D.A., and West D.M. Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry. 2nd ed. (1982), Reinhart, New York
23. Kolthoff I.M. The formation and properties of crystalline precipitates. J. Phys. Chem. 36 (1932) 860-881
24. Kvech S., and Edwards M. Solubility controls on aluminum in drinking water at relatively low and high pH. Water Res. 36 (2002) 4356-4368
25. Owen D.M., Amy G.L., Chowdhury Z.K., Paode R., McCoy G., and Viscosil K. NOM characterization and treatability. J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 87 1 (1995) 46-63
26. Leenheer J.A., and Croue J.P. Characterizing aquatic dissolved organic matter. Environ. Sci. Technol. 37 (2003) 18A-26A
27. Amy G.L., Sierka R.A., Bedessem J., Price D., and Tan L. Molecular size distributions of dissolved organic matter. J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 84 6 (1992) 67-75