Inside the black box of regional development - Human capital, the creative class and tolerance

Journal of Economic Geography

Volumn 8, Issue 5, 2008, Pages 615-649

  Florida, Richard ^a   Mellander, Charlotta ^b   Stolarick, Kevin ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^b JÖNKÖPING INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS SCHOOL   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Creative class; Human capital; Income; Regional development; Tolerance; Wages

Indexed keywords

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT; HUMAN CAPITAL; INCOME DISTRIBUTION; LABOR PRODUCTIVITY; REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT; WAGE;

EID: 49749103959     PISSN: 14682702     EISSN: 14682710     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/jeg/lbn023     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Amabile, T. (1996) Creativity in Context. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
2. Andersson, Å. E. (1985a) Creativity and regional development. Papers of the Regional Science Association, 56: 5-20.
3. Andersson, Å. E. (1985b) Creativity - The Future of Metropolitan Regions. Stockholm: Prisma.
4. Barro, R. J. (1991) Economic growth in a cross section of countries. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106(2): 407-443.
5. Becker, G. (1964) Human Capital. New York: Columbia University Press for the National Bureau of Economic Research.
6. Becker, G. (1993) Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis, with Special Reference to Education. Chicago: The University Press of Chicago.
7. Berry, C. R. and Glaeser, E. L. (2005) The Divergence of Human Capital Levels Across Cities. NBER Working Paper No. 11617, September 2005.
8. Clark, T. N. (2003) Urban amentites: Lakes, opera and juice bars do they drive development? In T. N. Clark (ed.) The City as an Entertainment Machine Research in Urban Policy. Vol. 9. Oxford: Elsevier Ltd, 103-140.
9. Currid, E. (2007) The Warhol Economy, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
10. Florida, R. (2002a) The Rise of the Creative Class. New York: Basic Books.
11. Florida, R. (2002b) The economic geography of talent. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 92(4): 743-755.
12. Florida, R. (2002c) Bohemia and economic geography. Journal of Economic Geography, 2: 55-71.
13. Florida, R. (2004a) Revenge of the Squelchers. The Next American City Issue 5, July.
14. Florida, R. (2004b) Response to Edward Glaeser's review of the rise of the creative class. Available online at: http://www.creativeclass.org/acrobat/ResponsetoGlaeser.pdf [Accessed 1 March 2007].
15. Florida, R. (2005) Cities and the Creative Class. New York: Routledge.
16. Florida, R. and Gates, G. (2001) Technology and tolerance - the importance of diversity to high-technology growth. Washington, DC: Brookings Institute.
17. Florida, R., Gates, G., Knudsen, B., Stolarick, K. (2006) The University and the creative economy. Available online at: http://www.creativeclass.org/rfcgdb/articles/ University%20For%20City%20and%20Community%204.pdf [Accessed 10 February 2008].
18. Fredrickson, B. L. (2001) The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist, 56: 218-226.
19. Glaeser, E. L. (1994) Cities, information, and economic growth. Cityscape, 1(1): 9-47.
20. Glaeser, E. L. (2000a) The new economics of urban and regional growth. In C. Gordon, G. Meric, M. Feldman (eds) The Oxford Handbook of Economic Geography. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 83-98.
21. Glaeser, E. L. (2004) Book review of Richard Florida's 'The Rise of the Creative Class'. Available online at: http://post.economics.harvard.edu/faculty/glaeser/papers/ Review_Florida.pdf (last accessed March 1, 2007).
22. Glaeser, E. L., Kolko, J., Saiz, A. (2001) Consumer city. Journal of Economic Geography, 1: 27-50.
23. Gordon, R. (2003) Hi-tech Innovation and Productivity Growth. NBER Working Paper No 9437, January 2003.
24. Gyourko, J., Mayer, C., Sinai, T. (2006) Superstar Cities. NBER Working Paper No 12355, July 2006.
25. Hecker, D. (1999) High-technology employment: A broader view. Monthly Labor Review, June 1999.
26. Inglehart, R. and Norris, P. (2003) Rising Tide. New York and Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
27. Inglehart, R. and Welzel, C. (2005) Modernization, Cultural Change and Democracy. New York and Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
28. Jacobs, J. (1961) The Death and Life of Great American Cities. New York: Random House.
29. Jacobs, J. (1969) The Economies of Cities. New York: Random House.
30. Jöreskog, K. G. (1973) Analysis of covariance structures. In P. R. Krishnaiah (ed.) Multivariate Analysis, Vol. III. New York: Academic Press.
31. Lloyd, R. and Clark, T. N. (2001) The city as an entertainment machine. In K. Fox Gatham (ed.) Research in Urban Sociology, Critical Perspectives on Urban Redevelopment, Vol. 6. Oxford: JAI/Elsevier, 357-378.
32. Lucas, R. (1988) On the mechanics of economic development. Journal of Monetary Economics, 22: 3-42.
33. Markusen, A. and Barbour, E. (2007) Regional occupational and industrial structure: Does one imply the other? International Regional Science Review, 30: 72-90.
34. Markusen, A. and Schrock, G. (2006) The artistic dividend: Urban artistic specialisation and economic development implication. Urban Studies, 43(10): 1661-1686.
35. Marlet, G. and van Woerkens, C. (2004) Skills and Creativity in a Cross-section of Dutch Cities. Discussion Paper Series 04-29, Tjalling C. Koopmans Research Institute.
36. McGranahan, D. A. and Wojan, T. R. (2007) Recasting the creative class to examine growth processes in rural and urban countries. Regional Studies, 41: 197-216.
37. Mellander, C. and Florida, R. (2006) Human Capital or the Creative Class - Explaining Regional Development in Sweden. KTH/CESIS Working Paper Series in Economics and Institutions of Innovation.
38. Mincer, J. (1974) Schooling, Experience and Earnings. New York: Columbia University Press for the National Bureau of Economic Research.
39. Noland, M. (2005) Popular attitudes, globalization and risk. International Finance, 8(2): 199-229.
40. Ottaviano, G. I. P. and Peri, G. (2005) Cities and culture. Journal of Urban Economics, 58: 304-337.
41. Page, S. (2007) The Difference: How the Power of Diversity Creates Better Groups, Firms, Schools, and Societies. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
42. Quigley, J. M. (1998) Urban diversity and economic growth. Journal of Economic Perspective, 12: 127-138.
43. Rauch, J. (1993) Productivity gains from geographic concentration of human capital: Evidence from the cities. Journal of Urban Economics 34: 380-400.
44. Roback, J. (1982) Wages, rents, and the quality of life. The Journal of Political Economy, 90(6): 1257-1278.
45. Romer, P. M. (1986) Increasing returns and long-run growth. Journal of Political Economy, 90: 1002-1037.
46. Romer, P. M. (1987) Crazy explanations of the productivity slowdown. NBER Macroeconomics Annual, 2: 163-202.
47. Romer, P. M. (1990) Endogenous technical change. Journal of Political Economy, 98(5): S71-S102.
48. Shapiro, J. M. (2006) Smart cities: Quality of life, productivity, and the growth effects of human capital. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 88(2): 324-335.
49. Simon, C. (1998) Human capital and metropolitan employment growth. Journal of Urban Economics, 43: 223-243.
50. Simon, C. and Nardinelli, C. (1996) The talk of the town: Human capital, information and the growth of english cities, 1861-1961. Explorations in Economic History, 33(3): 384-413.
51. Smith, G., Carlsson, I., Danielsson, A. (1984) Experimental Examinations of Creativity. Lund: Lund University.
52. Solow, R. (1956) A contribution to the theory of economic growth. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 70: 65-94.
53. Sternberg, R. J. (ed.) (1999) Handbook of Creativity. New York: Cambridge University Press.
54. Stolarick, K. and Florida, R. (2006) Creativity, connections and innovation: A study of linkages in the Montréal region. Environment and Planning A, 38(10): 1799-1817.
55. Ullman, E. L. (1958) Regional development and the geography of concentration. Papers and proceedings of the Regional Science Association, 4: 179-198.