Mechanical models of fracture reactivation and slip on bedding surfaces during folding of the asymmetric anticline at Sheep Mountain, Wyoming

Journal of Structural Geology

Volumn 30, Issue 9, 2008, Pages 1177-1191

  Sanz, Pablo F ^a   Pollard, David D ^b   Allwardt, Patricia F ^c   Borja, Ronaldo I ^a  

^a Stanford University   (United States)

^b STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c Subsurface Group Inc Texas   (United States)

Author keywords

Bed parallel slip; FEM modeling; Fold; Fracture reactivation; Frictional contact; Sheep Mountain, Wyoming

Indexed keywords

BED PARALLEL SLIP; COMPUTATIONAL RESULTS; ELASTO-PLASTIC; FEM MODELING; FIELD OBSERVATIONS; FINITE-ELEMENT METHODS; FOLD; FRACTURE DATA; FRACTURE REACTIVATION; FRICTIONAL CONTACT; FRICTIONAL CONTACTS; FRICTIONAL STRENGTH; LARGE DEFORMATIONS; LAYER THICKNESSES; MECHANICAL MODELLING; MECHANICAL STRATIGRAPHY; MIDDLE LAYERS; MODE OF DEFORMATION; MODEL RESULTS; MULTI LAYERING; NUMERICA L RESULTS; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; OUTER LAYERS; SHEEP MOUNTAIN, WYOMING; SLIP MECHANISMS; TECTONIC SHORTENING; THRUST FAULTING; TWO-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS; WYOMING;

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS; COMPUTER SIMULATION; DEFORMATION; FINITE ELEMENT METHOD; FRACTURE; FRACTURE FIXATION; FRICTION; LANDFORMS; PETROLEUM DEPOSITS; PETROLEUM RESERVOIRS; SHEARING; SPEED; STIFFNESS; STRATIGRAPHY; TWO DIMENSIONAL; WOOL;

SURFACE PROPERTIES;

ANTICLINE; BEDDING PLANE; BRITTLE DEFORMATION; COMPUTER SIMULATION; CRUSTAL SHORTENING; DEFORMATION MECHANISM; DUCTILE DEFORMATION; FINITE ELEMENT METHOD; FRACTURE GEOMETRY; JOINT; NUMERICAL MODEL; STIFFNESS; TECTONIC SETTING; TWO-DIMENSIONAL MODELING;

NORTH AMERICA; SHEEP MOUNTAIN [WYOMING]; UNITED STATES; WYOMING;

OVIS ARIES;

EID: 49749091651     PISSN: 01918141     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsg.2008.06.002     Document Type: Article

References (75)

1. Anderson T.L. Fracture Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications (1995), CRC Press, Boca Raton 688 pp.
2. Aydin A. Fractures, faults, and hydrocarbon entrapment, migration and flow. Marine and Petroleum Geology 17 (2000) 797-814
3. Bai T., and Pollard D.D. Fracture spacing in layered rocks: a new explanation based on the stress transition. Journal of Structural Geology 22 (2000) 43-57
4. Bai T., Pollard D.D., and Gao H. Explanation for fracture spacing in layered materials. Nature 403 (2000) 753-756
5. Behzadi H., and Dubey A.K. Variation of interlayer slip in space and time during flexural folding. Journal of Structural Geology 2 (1980) 453-457
6. Bellahsen N., Fiore P., and Pollard D.D. The role of fractures in the structural interpretation of Sheep Mountain Anticline, Wyoming. Journal of Structural Geology 28 (2006) 850-867
7. Bieniawski Z.T. Determining rock mass deformability: experience from case histories. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts 15 (1978) 237-248
8. Bird P. Stress direction history of the Western United States and Mexico since 85 Ma. Tectonics 21 (2002) 1014 10.1019/2001TC001319
9. Bobillo-Ares N.C., Bastida F., and Aller J. On tangential longitudinal strain folding. Tectonophysics 319 (2000) 53-68
10. Borja R.I. Conditions for instabilities in collapsible solids including volume implosion and compaction banding. Acta Geotechnica 1 (2006) 107-122
11. Borja R.I., Sama K.M., and Sanz P.F. On the numerical integration of three-invariant elastoplastic constitutive models. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 192 (2003) 1227-1258
12. Bourne S.J. Contrast of elastic properties between rock layers as a mechanism for the initiation and orientation of tensile failure under remote compression. Journal of Geophysical Research 108 (2003) 2395
13. Byerlee J.D. Friction of rocks. Pure and Applied Geophysics 116 (1978) 615-626
14. Carmichael R.S. Handbook of Physical Properties of Rocks (1982), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL
15. Casey M., and Butler R.W.H. Modelling approaches to understanding fold development: implications for hydrocarbon reservoirs. Marine and Petroleum Geology 21 (2004) 933-946
16. Cooke M.L., and Pollard D.D. Bedding-plane slip in initial stages of fault-related folding. Journal of Structural Geology 19 (1997) 567-581
17. Cooke M.L., and Underwood C.A. Fracture termination and step-over at bedding interfaces due to frictional slip and interface opening. Journal of Structural Geology 23 (2001) 223-238
18. Cooke M.L., Mollema P., Pollard D.D., and Aydin A. Interlayer slip and joint localization in East Kaibab Monocline, Utah: field evidence and results from numerical modeling. In: Cosgrove J.W., and Ameen M.S. (Eds). Forced Folds and Fractures (2000), Geological Society Special Publication 169, London 23-49
19. Couples G.D., and Lewis H. Effects of interlayer slip in model forced folds. In: Cosgrove J.W., and Ameen M.S. (Eds). Forced Folds and Fractures (2000), Geological Society Special Publication 169, London 129-144
20. Coward M.P., Daltaban T.S., and Johnson H. Structural Geology in Reservoir Characterization (1998), Geological Society Special Publication 127, London 266 pp.
21. Crook A.J.L., Owen D.R.J., Willson S.M., and Yu J.G. Benchmarks for the evolution of shear localisation with large relative sliding in frictional materials. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 195 (2006) 4991-5010
22. Crook A.J.L., Willson S.M., Yu J.G., and Owen D.R.J. Predictive modelling of structure evolution in sandbox experiments. Journal of Structural Geology 28 (2006) 729-744
23. Cruikshank K.M., and Aydin A. Unweaving the joints in Entrada Sandstone, Arches National Park, Utah, USA. Journal of Structural Geology 17 (1995) 409-421
24. Cruikshank K.M., Zhao G., and Johnson A.M. Analysis of minor fractures associated with joints and faulted joints. Journal of Structural Geology 13 (1991) 865-886
25. Engebretson D.C., Cox A., and Gordon R.G. Relative motion between oceanic and continental plates in the Pacific basin. Geological Society of America Special Paper 206 (1985) 59
26. Engelder T., and Peacock D.C.P. Joint development normal to regional compression during flexural-flow folding: the Lilstock buttress anticline, Somerset, England. Journal of Structural Geology 23 (2001) 259-277
27. Erickson S.G., and Jamison W.R. Viscous-plastic finite-element models of fault-bend folds. Journal of Structural Geology 17 (1995) 561-573
28. Erickson S.G., Strayer L.M., and Suppe J. Initiation and reactivation of faults during movement over thrust-fault ramp: numerical mechanical models. Journal of Structural Geology 23 (2001) 11-23
29. Fiore, P.E., 2006. 3D characterization and mechanics of brittle deformation in thrust fault related folds. PhD thesis, Stanford University, California, USA.
30. Fischer M.P., and Wilkerson M.S. Predicting the orientation of joints from fold shape: results of pseudo-three-dimensional modeling and curvature analysis. Geology 28 (2000) 15-18
31. Fischer M.P., and Woodward N.B. The geometric evolution of foreland thrust systems. In: McClay K.R. (Ed). Thrust Tectonics (1992), Chapman and Hall, London 181-189
32. Fisher D.M., and Anastasio D.J. Kinematic analysis of a large-scale leading edge fold, Lost River Range, Idaho. Journal of Structural Geology 16 (1994) 337-354
33. Forster A., Irmen A.P., and Vondra C. Structural interpretation of Sheep Mountain Anticline, Bighorn Basin, Wyoming. Wyoming Geological Association Guidebook 47 (1996) 239-251
34. Goodman R.E. Introduction to Rock Mechanics. second ed. (1989), John Wiley & Sons pp. 141-150195-250
35. Griffith A.A. The phenomena of rupture and flow in solids. Royal Society of London Transactions 221 (1921) 163-178
36. Guiton M., Leroy Y., and Sassi W. Activation of diffuse discontinuities and folding of the sedimentary layers. Journal of Geophysical Research 108 (2003) 2183 10.1029/2002JB001770
37. Guiton M., Sassi W., Leroy Y., and Gauthier B. Mechanical constraints on the chronology of fracture activation in the folded Devonian sandstone of the western Moroccan Anti-Atlas. Journal of Structural Geology 25 (2003) 1317-1330
38. Haneberg W.C., Mosley P.S., Moore J.C., and Goodwin L.B. Faults and subsurface fluid flow in the shallow crust. Geophysical Monograph Series (1999), American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC 222 pp.
39. Hennier, J., Spang, J., 1983. Mechanisms for deformation of sedimentary strata at Sheep Mountain anticline, Big Horn Basin, Wyoming. Wyoming Geological Association Guidebook, 34th Annual Field Conference, pp. 97-111.
40. Horne R., and Culshaw N. Flexural-slip folding in the Meguma Group, Nova Scotia, Canada. Journal of Structural Geology 23 (2001) 1631-1652
41. Jaeger J.C., and Cook N.G.W. Fundamentals of Rock Mechanics (1969), Chapman and Hall, New York pp. 53-76
42. Johnson A.M. Styles of Folding (1977), Elsevier, New York 406 pp.
43. Johnson A.M., and Fletcher R.C. Folding of Viscous Layers (1994), Columbia University, New York 461 pp.
44. Johnson K.M., and Johnson A.M. Localization of layer-parallel faults in San Rafael swell, Utah and other monoclinal folds. Journal of Structural Geology 22 (2000) 1455-1468
45. Jones G., Fisher Q.J., and Knipe R.J. Faulting, Fault Sealing and Fluid Flow in Hydrocarbon Reservoirs (1998), Geological Society Special Publication 147, London 319 pp.
46. Kuenen P.H., and de Sitter L.U. Experimental investigation into the mechanisms of folding. Leidshe Geologische Mededeelingen 10 (1938) 217-240
47. Ladd R.E. The geology of Sheep Canyon Quadrangle: Wyoming (1979), Iowa State University, PhD dissertation. Ames 124pp.
48. Laursen T.A. Computational Contact and Impact Mechanics (2002), Springer, Berlin and Heidelberg
49. Laursen T.A., and Simo J.C. A continuum-based finite element formulation for the implicit solution of multibody large deformation frictional contact problems. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 36 (1993) 3451-3485
50. Lawn B.R., and Wilshaw T.R. Fracture of Brittle Solids (1975), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 204 pp.
51. Matsuoka H., and Nakai T. Stress-deformation and strength characteristics of soils under three different principal stresses. Proceedings of Japan Society of Civil Engineers 232 (1974) 59-70
52. Maerten L., and Maerten F. Chronologic modeling of faulted and fractured reservoirs using geomechanically based restoration: Technique and industry applications. AAPG Bulletin 90 (2006) 1201-1226
53. McConaughy D.T., and Engelder T. Joint initiation in bedded clastic rocks. Journal of Structural Geology 23 (2001) 203-221
54. Mühlhaus H.-B., Dufour F., Moresi L., and Hobbs B. A director theory for visco-elastic folding instabilities in multilayered rock. International Journal of Solids and Structures 39 (2002) 3675-3691
55. Müller J. Contributions to engineering geology and slope movement investigations. In: Voight B. (Ed). Rockslides and Avalanches, part 2 (1979), Elsevier, New York 95-109
56. National Research Council. Rock Fractures and Fluid Flow-Contemporary Understanding and Applications (1996), National Academy Press, Washington, DC 551 pp.
57. Nino F., Philip H., and Chery J. The role of bed-parallel slip in the formation of blind thrust faults. Journal of Structural Geology 20 (1998) 503-516
58. Pfaff V.J., and Johnson A.M. Opposite senses of fold asymmetry. Engineering Geology 27 (1989) 3-38
59. Pollard D.D., and Aydin A. Progress in understanding jointing over the past century. Geological Society of America Bulletin 100 (1988) 1181-1204
60. Pollard D.D., and Fletcher R.C. Fundamentals of Structural Geology (2005), Cambridge University Press pp. 321-322
61. Ramsay J.G. Development of chevron folds. Geological Society of America Bulletin 85 (1974) 1741-1754
62. Renshaw C.E., and Pollard D.D. Numerical simulation of fracture set formation: A fracture mechanics model consistent with experimental observations. Journal of Geophysical Research 99 B5 (1994) 9359-9372
63. Rioux, R.L., 1958. Geology of the Spence-Kane area, Bighorn County, Wyoming. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Illinois, 182 pp.
64. Rioux R.L. Geologic map of the Sheep Mountain-Little Sheep Mountain area, Big Horn County, Wyoming. Scale 1 31 (1994) 680 USGS open-file report 94-191
65. Sanz P.F., Borja R.I., and Pollard D.D. Mechanical aspects of thrust faulting driven by far-field compression and their implications to fold geometry. Acta Geotechnica 2 (2007) 17-31
66. Simo J.C., and Taylor R.L. Consistent tangent operators for rate-independent elastoplasticity. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 48 (1985) 101-118
67. Smith D.A. Theoretical considerations of sealing and non-sealing faults. AAPG Bulletin 50 (1966) 363-374
68. Suppe J. Principles of Structural Geology (1985), Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ 537 pp.
69. Stanton H.I., and Erslev E.A. Sheep Mountain Anticline: backlimb tightening and sequential deformation in the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming. Wyoming Geological Association Guidebook 53 (2004) 75-87
70. Strayer L.M., and Hudleston P.J. Numerical modeling of fold initiations at thrust ramps. Journal of Structural Geology 19 (1997) 551-566
71. Treagus S.H. Strain refraction in layered systems. Journal of Structural Geology 10 (1988) 517-527
72. Wickham J.S., Tapp G.S., and Reddy J.N. Finite-element modelling of fracture density in single layer folds. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 6 (1982) 441-459
73. Wilkins S.J.G., Michael R., Wacker M., Eyal Y., and Engelder T. Faulted joints; kinematics, displacement-length scaling relations and criteria for their identification. Journal of Structural Geology 23 (2001) 315-327
74. Wriggers P. Finite element algorithms for contact problems. Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering 4 (1995) 1-49
75. Wriggers P. Computational Contact Mechanics (2002), Wiley, Chichester