Differences between American, Egyptian and Lebanese humor styles: Implications for international management

International Journal of Cross Cultural Management

Volumn 6, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 121-134

  Kalliny, Morris ^a   Cruthirds, Kevin W ^b   Minor, Michael S ^b  

^a MISSOURI UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS PAN AMERICAN   (United States)

Author keywords

American; Arab; Cross cultural; Egypt; Humor; Lebanon; Management

Indexed keywords

EID: 49649108415     PISSN: 14705958     EISSN: 17412838     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1470595806062354     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Abboushi, S. (1990) 'Impact of Individual Variables on the Work Values of Palestinian Arabs', International Studies of Management and Organization 20: 53-68
2. Abel, M.H. (1998) 'Interaction of Humor and Gender in Moderating Relationships between Stress and Outcomes', The Journal of Psychology 132: 267-76
3. Abel, M.H. (2002) 'Humor, Stress, and Coping Strategies', Humor: International Journal of Humor Research 15: 365-81
4. Alghofaily, L.F. (1980) 'Saudi Youth Attitudes toward Work and Vocational Education: A Constraint on Economic Development', Dissertation, Florida State University
5. Almaney, A.J. and Alwan, A.J. (1982) Communicating with the Arabs. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press
6. Al-Namir, S. and Palmer, M. (1982) 'Bureaucracy and Development in Saudi Arabia: A Behavior Analysis', Public Administration and Development 2: 93-104
7. Al-Olayan, F. and Karande, K. (2000) 'A Content Analysis of Magazine Advertisements from the United States and the Arab World', Journal of Advertising 23: 69-82
8. Ali, A. (1996) Organizational Development in the Arab World', Journal of Management Development 15: 4-21
9. Ali, A. (1999) 'Middle East Competitiveness in the 21st Century's Global Market', The Academy of Management Executive 13: 102-8
10. Anastos, D., Bedos, A. and Seaman, B. (1980) 'The Development of Modern Management Practices in Saudi Arabia', Columbia Journal of World Business (Summer): 81-92
11. Ashkanasy, N., Trevor-Roberts, E. and Earnshaw, L. (2002) 'The Anglo Cluster: Legacy of the British Empire', Journal of World Business 37: 28-39
12. Avolio, B.J., Howell, J.M. and Sosik, J.J. (1999) 'A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Bottom Line: Humor as a Moderator of Leadership Style Effects', Academy of Management Journal 42: 219-27
13. Bakhtari, H. (1995) 'Cultural Effects on Management Style', International Studies of Management and Organization 25: 97-118
14. Bates, D.C. and Fratkin, E.M. (2003) Cultural Anthropology. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon
15. Browne, M.W. and Cudeck, R. (1993) 'Alternative Ways of Assessing Model Fit', in K.A. Bollen and J.S. Long (eds) Testing Structural Equation Models, pp. 136-62. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications
16. Chang, M. and Gruner, C.R. (1981) 'Audience Reaction to Self-disparaging Humor', Southern States Communication Journal 46: 419-26
17. Clouse, R.W. and Spurgeon, K.L. (1995) 'Corporate Analysis of Humor', Psychology: A Quarterly Journal of Human Behavior 32: 1-24
18. de Koning, E.D. and Weiss, R.L. (2002) 'The Relational Humor Inventory: Functions of Humor in Close Relationships', The American Journal of Family Therapy 30: 1-18
19. De Mooij, M. (1998) Global Marketing and Advertising: Understanding Cultural Paradoxes. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
20. Decker, W.H. (1987) 'Managerial Humor and Subordinate Satisfaction', Social Behavior and Personality 15: 225-32
21. Decker, W.H. and Rotondo, D.M. (1999) 'Use of Humor at Work: Predictors and Implications', Psychological Reports 84: 961-8
22. Graham, E.E., Papa, M.J. and Brooks, G.P. (1992) 'Functions of Humor in Conversation: Conceptualization and Measurement', Western Journal of Communication 56: 161-83
23. Hair J., Anderson, R.E., Tatham, R.L. and Black, W.C. (1998) Multivariate Data Analysis, 5th edn. New Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc
24. Hall, E.T. (1982) 'Context and Meaning', in L. Samovar and R. Porter (eds) Intercultural Communication: A Reader. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publication Company
25. Hofstede, G. (1984) Culture's Consequences: International Differences in Work-related Values. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications
26. Hofstede, G. (1994) 'The Business of International Business is Culture', International Business Review 3(1): 1-15
27. Hofstede, G. (1998) Masculinity and Femininity: The Taboo Dimension of National Cultures. Thousand Oaks, CA.: Sage Publications
28. Hofstede, G. (2001) Culture's Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions, and Organizations across Nations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications
29. Holmes J. and Marra, M. (2002) 'Having a Laugh at Work: How Humor Contributes to Workplace Culture', Journal of Pragmatics 34: 1683-710
30. Hu, L. and Bender, P.M. (1999) 'Cutoff Criteria for Fit Indexes in Covariance Structure Analysis: Conventional Criteria versus New Alternatives', Structural Equation Modeling 6(1): 1-56
31. Kabasakal, H. and Bodur, M. (2002) 'Arabic Cluster: A Bridge between East and West', Journal of World Business 37: 40-54
32. Lamb. D. (1987) The Arabs. New York: Random House
33. Leap, T.L. and Smeltzer, L.R. (1984) 'Racial Remarks in the Workplace: Humor or Harassment?', Harvard Business Review 62(6): 74-6
34. Lee, E. (1980) The American in Saudi Arabia. Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press
35. MacCallum, R.C., Browne, M.W. and Reith, J.V. (1996) 'Power Analysis and Determination of Sample Size for Covariance Structure Modeling', Psychological Methods 1: 130-49
36. Martin, R.A., Puhlik-Doris, P., Larsen, G., Gray, J. and Weir, K. (2003) 'Individual Differences in Uses of Humor and their Relation to Psychological Well-being; Development of the Humor Styles Questionnaire', Journal of Research in Personality 37(1): 48-78
37. Nydell, M.K. (1987) Understanding Arabs: A Guide for Westerners. Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press
38. Perea, A. and Slater, M. (1999) 'Power Distance and Collectivist/ Individualist Strategies in Alcohol Warnings: Effects by Gender and Ethnicity', Journal of Health Communication 4: 295-310
39. Priest, R.F. and Swain J.F. (2002) 'Humor and Its Implications for Leadership Effectiveness', Humor: International Journal of Humor Research 15: 169-89
40. Prior J.B. and Whalen, N.J. (1997) 'A Typology of Sexual Harassment: Characteristics of Harassers and the Social Circumstances under which Sexual Harassment Occurs', In W. O'Donohue (ed.) Sexual Harassment: Theory, Research, and Treatment, pp. 129-51. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon
41. Robertson, C.J., Al-Khatib, J.A., Al-Habib, M. and Kanoue, D. (2002) 'Beliefs about Work in the Middle East and the Convergence versus Divergence of Values', Journal of World Business 36: 223-44
42. Robinson, D.T. and Smith-Lovin, L. (2001) 'Getting a Laugh: Gender, Status, and Humor in Task Discussions', Social Forces 80: 123-58
43. Shane, S.A. and Venkataraman, S. (1996) 'Renegade and Rational Championing Strategies', Organizational Studies 17: 751-77
44. Sharda, B.D. and Miller, G. (2001) 'Culture and Organizational Structure in the Middle East: A Comparative Analysis of Iran Jordan and USA', International Review of Sociology 11(3): 309-25
45. Smeltzer, L.R. and Leap, T.L. (1988) 'An Analysis of Individual Reactions to Potentially Offensive Jokes in Work Settings', Human Relations 41: 295-304
46. Stocking, S.H. and Zillman, D. (1976) 'Effects of Humorous Disparagement of Self, Friend and Enemy', Psychological Reports 39: 420
47. Stone, L. (2002) 'The Islamic Crescent: Islam, Culture and Globalization', Innovation 15(2): 121-32
48. Wilson, M.E. (1996) 'Arabic Speakers: Language and Culture, Here and Abroad', Topics in Language Disorders 16: 65-80
49. Yousef, F.S. (1974) 'Cross-culture Communication: Aspects of Contrastive Social Values between North Americans and Middle Easterners', Human Organization 33