A comparison of male and female directors in popular pornography: What happens when women are at the helm?

Psychology of Women Quarterly

Volumn 32, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 312-325

  Sun, Chyng ^a   Bridges, Ana ^b,e   Wosnitzer, Robert ^a   Scharrer, Erica ^c   Liberman, Rachael ^d  

^a NEW YORK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF RHODE ISLAND   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS   (United States)

^d NEW SCHOOL FOR SOCIAL RESEARCH   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF ARKANSAS   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 49549117812     PISSN: 03616843     EISSN: 14716402     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-6402.2008.00439.x     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Agrell, S. (2006, June 10). X-rated films for red-blooded feminists: New porn caters to female pleasure fantasies. National Post (Toronto Edition p. WP3.
2. Angel, J. (2006). On being a feminist with a porn site. In C. Milne (Ed. Naked ambition (pp. 233 244). New York : Carroli & Graf Publishers.
3. AVN 2006). Top 250 VHS & DVD rentals. Retrieved July 17, 2005, from http://www.avn.com/index.php_PrimaryNavigations=Charts
4. Barron, M., & Kimmel, M. (2000). Sexual violence in three pornographic media: Toward a sociological explanation. Journal of Sex Research, 37, 161 168.
5. Berger, J., Searles, P, & Cottle, C. (1990). Ideological contours of the contemporary pornography debate: Divisions and alliances. Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies, 11 (2/3 30 38.
6. Blue, V. (2005). On experiencing boot camp on the road to becoming an adult video expert. In C. Milne (Ed. Naked ambition (pp. 21 30). New York : Carroli & Graf Publishers.
7. Bower, M. (1986). Daring to speak its name: The relationship of women to pornography. Feminist Review, 24, 40 55.
8. Cameron, D. (1990). Discourses of desire: Liberals, feminists & the politics of pornography in the 1980s. American Literary History, 2, 784 798.
9. Caught Looking, Inc. (1986). Caught looking : feminism, pornography & censorship. Seattle, WA : The Real Comet Press.
10. Cody, G. (2001). Hardcore from the heart: The pleasures, profits and politics of sex in performance. New York : Continuum.
11. Cooper, A., Putnam, D. E., Planchon, L. A., & Boies, S. C. (1999). Online sexual compulsivity: Getting tangled in the net. Sexual Addiction and Compulsivity, 6, 79 104.
12. Cowan, G., & Campbell, R. R. (1994). Racism and sexism in interracial pornography: A content analysis. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 18, 323 338.
13. Cowan, G., & Dunn, K. F. (1994). What themes in pornography lead to perceptions of the degradation of women? Journal of Sex Research, 31, 11 21.
14. Cowan, G., Lee, C., Levy, D., & Snyder, D. (1988). Dominance and inequality in x-rated videocassettes. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 12, 299 311.
15. Dines, G. (2006). The white man's burden: Gonzo pornography and the construction of black masculinity. Yale Journal of Law & Feminism, 18, 293 297.
16. Dines, G., Jensen, R., & Russo, A. (1998). Pornography: The production and consumption of inequality. New York : Routledge.
17. Dominus, S. (2004, August 29). What women want to watch. The New York Times, p. 2.1.
18. Donnerstein, E., Linz, D. G., & Penrod, S. (1987). The question of pornography. New York : Free Press.
19. Duggan, L., & Hunter, N. (1995). Sex wars: Sexual dissent and political culture. New York : Routledge.
20. Duncan, D. F. (1991). Violence and degradation as themes in "adult" videos. Psychological Reports, 69, 239 240.
21. Dunn, S. (1990 Voyages of the valkyries": Recent lesbian pornographic writing. Feminist Review, 34, 161 170.
22. Dworkin, A. (1989). Pornography: Men possessing women (rev. ed.). New York : Dutton.
23. Glascock, J. (2005). Degrading content and character sex: Accounting for men and women's differential reactions to pornography. Communication Reports, 18, 43 53.
24. Gossett, J. L., & Byrne, S. (2002). "Click here": A content analysis of internet rape sites. Gender and Society, 16, 689 709.
25. Hall, S. (1989). Ideology and communication theory. In B. Dervin, L. Grossberg, B. J. O'Keefe, & E. Wartella (Eds. Rethinking communication: Paradigm issues (vol. 1 pp. 40 52). Newbury Park, CA : Sage.
26. Jensen, R. (2004, January/February). Cruel to be hard: Men and pornography. Sexual Assault Report, 33 48.
27. Jensen, R. (2006, February 23). The paradox of pornography. ZNet. Retrieved October 26, 2006, from http://lists.econ.utah.edu/pipermail/margins- to-centre/2006-February/000776.html
28. Jensen, R., & Dines, G. (1998). The content of mass-marketed pornography. In G. Dines, R. Jensen, & A. Russo (Eds. Pornography: The production and consumption of inequality (pp. 65 100). New York : Routledge.
29. Johnson, R. (2003, November 28). Playboy at 50: A man's notes. Los Angeles Times, p. E1.
30. Juffer, J. (1998). At home with pornography: Women, sex, and everyday life. New York : New York University Press.
31. Laan, E., Everaerd, W., van Bellen, G., & Hanewald, G. (1994). Women's sexual and emotional responses to male- and female-produced erotica. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 23, 153 169.
32. Lauzen, M. M., & Dozier, D. M. (1999). Making a difference in prime time: Women on screen and behind the scenes in the 1995-96 television season. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 43, 1 19.
33. Linz, D. G., Donnerstein, E., & Penrod, S. (1987). The findings and recommendations of the Attorney General's Commission on Pornography: Do the psychological facts fit the political fury? American Psychologist, 42, 946 953.
34. MacKinnon, C. A. (1984). Feminism unmodified : Discourses on life and law. Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press.
35. Malamuth, N., & Spinner, B. (1980). A longitudinal content analysis of sexual violence in the best-selling erotic magazines. Journal of Sex Research, 16, 226 237.
36. Mason 2006). On directing the hardest of hardcore. In C. Milne (Ed. Naked ambition (pp. 125 138). New York : Carroli & Graf Publishers.
37. Matacin, M. L., & Burger, J. M. (1987). A content analysis of sexual themes in Playboy cartoons. Sex Roles, 17, 179 186.
38. McChesney, M. (2006, May 26). Visionary voices sing feminist porn's praises. The Toronto Star, p. D12.
39. McKee, A. (2005). The objectification of women in mainstream pornographic videos in Australia. Journal of Sex Research, 42, 277 290.
40. Monk-Turner, E., & Purcell, H. C. (1999). Sexual violence in pornography: How prevalent is it? Gender Issues, 17 (2 58 67.
41. Morgan, R. (1980). Theory and practice: Pornography and rape. In L. Lederer (Ed. Take back the night: Women on pornography (pp. 134 140). New York : William Morrow.
42. Mosher, D. L., & MacIan, P. (1994). College men and women respond to X-rated videos intended for male or female audiences: Gender and sexual scripts. Journal of Sex Research, 31, 99 113.
43. Mulac, A., Jansma, L. L., & Linz, D. G. (2002). Men's behavior toward women after viewing sexually-explicit films: Degradation makes a difference. Communication Monographs, 69, 311 329.
44. Mustonen, A., & Pulkkinen, L. (1993). Aggression in television programs in Finland. Aggressive Behavior, 19, 175 183.
45. National Television Violence Study 1998). National television violence study: Executive summary. Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage.
46. Palys, T. S. (1986). Testing the common wisdom: The social content of video pornography. Canadian Psychology, 27, 22 35.
47. Prince, S. (1990). Power and pain: Content analysis and the ideology of pornography. Journal of Film and Video, 42 (2 31 41.
48. Scott, J. E., & Cuvelier, S. J. (1993). Violence and sexual violence in pornography: Is it really increasing? Archives of Sexual Behavior, 22, 357 371.
49. Seger, L. (1996). When women call the shots. New York : Henry Holt.
50. Senn, C. (1993). Women's multiple perspectives and experiences with pornography. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 17, 319 341.
51. Snitow, A., Stansell, C., & Thompson, S. (Eds. 1983). Powers of desire: The politics of sexuality. New York : Monthly Review Press.
52. Steenland, S. (1995). Content analysis of the image of women on television. In C. M. Lont (Ed. Women and media: Content, careers, and criticism (pp. 197 189). San Francisco : Wadsworth.
53. Strossen, N. (1993). The feminist critique of "the" feminist critique of pornography. Virginia Law Review, 79, 1099 1190.
54. Strossen, N. (1995). Defending pornography: Free speech, sex and the fight for women's rights. New York : New York University Press.
55. Taormino, T. (2005). On crossing the line to create feminist porn. In C. Milne (Ed. Naked ambition (pp. 87 98). New York : Carroli & Graf Publishers.
56. Taormino, T. (2006). Tristan Taormino's true lust : Adventures in sex, porn, and perversion. San Francisco : Cleis Press.
57. Timmons, T. (1992 We're looking for a few good men": The impact of gender stereotypes on women in the military. Minerva, 10 (2 20.
58. Tisdale, S. (1992, February). Talk dirty to me [Electronic version]. Harper's Magazine, 284 (1701 37 44.
59. West, D., & West, J. M. (2002). Women making porno: Feminism's final frontier? An interview with Marielle Nitoslawska. Cineaste, 27 (3 9 13.
60. Williams, L. (1989). Hard core: Power, pleasure, and the "frenzy of the visible Berkeley, CA : University of California Press.
61. Wong, P. T. P., Kettlewell, G., & Sproule, C. F. (1985). On the importance of being masculine: Sex role, attribution, and women's career achievement. Sex Roles, 12, 757 769.
62. Wosnitzer, R. J., & Bridges, A. J. (2007, May). Aggression and sexual behavior in best-selling pornography: A content analysis update. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Communication Association, San Francisco.
63. Yang, N., & Linz, D. (1990). Movie ratings and the content of adult videos: The sex-violence ratio. Journal of Communication, 40 (2 28 42.
64. Yoder, J. D. (2002). Context matters: Understanding tokenism processes and their impact on women's work. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 26, 1 8.