Design and analysis of CMOS subharmonic injection-locked frequency triplers

IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques

Volumn 56, Issue 8, 2008, Pages 1869-1878

  Chen, Min Chiao ^a,b   Wu, Chung Yu ^a,b  

^a IEEE

^b NATIONAL CHIAO TUNG UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

Author keywords

Frequency tripler; Injection locked oscillators (ILOs); RF CMOS; Voltage controlled oscillator (VCO)

Indexed keywords

ELECTRIC POWER MEASUREMENT; ELECTRIC POWER UTILIZATION; FREQUENCY TRIPLERS; OPTICAL DESIGN; OSCILLATORS (ELECTRONIC); STANDARDS; TECHNOLOGY; VARACTORS; VARIABLE FREQUENCY OSCILLATORS;

DC POWER CONSUMPTIONS; DESIGN AND ANALYSIS; FIFTH HARMONICS; FREQUENCY TRIPLER; HARMONIC-REJECTION; INJECTION-LOCKED; INJECTION-LOCKED OSCILLATORS (ILOS); INJECTION-LOCKING; LOW POWERS; MILLIMETER WAVES; OUTPUT PHASE; OUTPUT POWERS; RF CMOS; STANDARD CMOS TECHNOLOGY; SUB HARMONICS; TUNING RANGE; VOLTAGE-CONTROLLED OSCILLATOR; VOLTAGE-CONTROLLED OSCILLATOR (VCO);

CMOS INTEGRATED CIRCUITS;

EID: 49349084524     PISSN: 00189480     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2008.926566     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. A. P. van der Wel, S. L. J. Gierkink, R. C. Frye, V. Boccuzzi, and B. Nauta, "A robust 43-GHz VCO in CMOS for OC-768 SONET applications," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 39, no. 7, pp. 1159-1163, Jul. 2004.
2. F. Ellinger, T. Morf, G. Buren, C. Kromer, G. Sialm, L. Rodoni, M. Schmatz, and H. Jackel, "60 GHz VCO with wideband tuning range fabricated on VLSI SOI CMOS technology," in IEEE MTT-S Int. Microw. Symp. Dig., Jun. 2004, pp. 1329-1332.
3. C. Cao and K. K. O, "Millimeter-wave voltage-controlled oscillators in 0.13-μm CMOS Technology," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 41, no. 6, pp. 1297-1304, Jun. 2006.
4. J.-C. Chiu, C.-P. Chang, M.-P. Houng, and Y.-H. Wang, "A 12-36 GHz pHEMT MMIC balanced frequency tripler," IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett., vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 19-21, Jan. 2006.
5. A. Boudiaf, D. Bachelet, and C. Rumelhard, "A high-efficiency and low-phase-noise 38-GHz pHEMT MMIC tripler," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 48, no. 12, pp. 2546-2553, Dec. 2000.
6. Y. Campos-Roca, L. Verweyen, M. Fernández-Barciela, E. Sánchez, M. C. Curras-Francos, W. Bronner, A. Hülsmann, and M. Schlechtweg, "An optimized 25.5-76.5 GHz pHEMT-based coplanar frequency tripler," IEEE Microw. Guided Wave Lett., vol. 10, no. 6, pp. 242-244, Jun. 2000.
7. J. F. Buckwalter, A. Babakhani, A. Komijani, and A. Hajimiri, "An integrated subharmonic coupled-oscillator scheme for a 60-GHz phasedarray transmitter," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 54, no. 12, pp. 4271-4280, Dec. 2006.
8. F.-H. Huang, C.-K. Lin, and Y.-J. Chan, "V"-band GaAs pHEMT cross-coupled sub-harmonic oscillator," IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett., vol. 16, no. 8, pp. 473-475, Aug. 2006.
9. S. Kishimoto, K. Maruhashi, M. Ito, T. Morimoto, Y. Hamada, and K. Ohata, "A 60-GHz-band subharmonically injection locked VCO MMIC operating over wide temperature range," in IEEE MTT-S Int. Microw. Symp. Dig., Jun. 2005, pp. 1689-1692.
10. R. Adler, "A study of locking phenomena in oscillators," Proc. IEEE, vol. 61, no. 10, pp. 1380-1385, Oct. 1973.
11. T. Tokumitsu, K. Kamogawa, I. Toyoda, and M. Aikawa, "A novel injection-locked oscillator MMIC with combined ultrawide-band active combiner divider and amplifiers," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 42, no. 12, pp. 2572-25787, Dec. 1994.
12. H. R. Rategh and T. H. Lee, "Superharmonic injection-locked frequency dividers," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 34, no. 6, pp. 813-821, Jun. 1999.
13. S. Verma, H. R. Rategh, and T. H. Lee, "A unified model for injection-locked frequency dividers," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 38, no. 6, pp. 1015-1027, Jun. 2003.
14. X. Zhang, X. Zhou, and A. S. Daryoush, "A theoretical and experimental study of the noise behavior of subharmonically injection locked local oscillators," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theoiy Tech., vol. 40, no. 5, pp. 895-902. May 1992.
15. A. Mazzanti, P. Uggetti, and F. Svelto, "Analysis and design of injection-locked LC dividers for quadrature generation," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 39, no. 9. pp. 1425-1433, Sep. 2004.
16. S. A. Maas, "Active frequency multipliers," in Nonlinear Microwave and RF Circuits, 2nd ed. Norwood, MA: Artech House, 2003, ch. 10, sec. 2, pp. 477-490.
17. K. Kamogawa, T. Tokumitsu, and I. Toyoda, "A 20-GHz-band subharmonically injection-locked oscillator MMIC with wide locking range," IEEE Microw. Guided Wave Lett., vol. 7, no. 8, pp. 233-235. Aug. 1997.
18. K. Kamogawa, T. Tokumitsu, and M. Aikawa, "Injection-locked oscillator chain: A possible solution to millimeter-wave MMIC synthesizers," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 45, no. 9, pp. 1578-1584, Sep. 1997.
19. H.-H. Hsieh and L.-H. Lu, "A low-phase-noise A'-band CMOS VCO," IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett., vol. 16, no. 10, pp. 552-554, Oct. 2006.
20. D. Ozis, N. M. Neihart, and D. J. Allstot, "Differential VCO and passive frequency doubler in 0.18 pm CMOS for 24 GHz applications," in IEEE Radio Freq. Integr. Circuits Symp. Dig., Jun. 2006, 4 pp.
21. C.-M. Hung, L. Shi, and K. K. O, "A 25.9-GHz voltage-controlled oscillator fabricated in a CMOS process," in VLSI Circuits Symp. Tech. Dig., Jun. 2000, pp. 100-101.
22. M. Tiebout, H.-D. Wohlmuth, and W. Simburger, "A 1 V 51 GHz fullyintegrated VCO in 0.12 μm CMOS," in IEEE Int. Solid-State Circuits Conf. Tech. Dig., Feb. 2002, pp. 300-301.
23. D. Huang, W. Hant, N.-Y. Wang, T. W. Ku, Q. Gu, R. Wong, and M.-C. Chang, "A 60 GHz CMOS VCO using on-chip resonator with embedded artificial dielectric for size, loss, and noise reduction," in IEEE Int. Solid-State Circuits Conf. Tech. Dig., Feb. 2006, pp. 1218-1227.