The role of co-operation and competition on leader-member exchange and extra-role performance in China

Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources

Volumn 46, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 133-152

  Chun Hui, ^a   Law, Kenneth S ^a   Yi Feng Chen, Nancy ^b   Tjosvold, Dean ^b  

^a CHINESE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG   (Hong Kong)

^b LINGNAN UNIVERSITY   (Hong Kong)

Author keywords

Co operation; Competition; Leader member exchange; Organizational citizenship behaviour

Indexed keywords

EID: 49249122571     PISSN: 10384111     EISSN: 17447941     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1038411108091753.     Document Type: Article

References (88)

1. Allinson, C.W., S.J. Armstrong, J. Hayes. 2001. The effects of cognitive style on leader-member exchange: A study of manager-subordinate dyads. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology 74 (2). 201-20.
2. Alper, S., D. Tjosvold, and K.S. Law. 1998. Interdependence and controversy in group decision making: Antecedents to effective self-managing teams. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 74 (1). 33-52.
3. Anderson, J.C., and D.W. Gerbing. 1988. Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin 103 (3). 411-23.
4. Anderson, S.E., and L.J. Williams. 1992. Assumptions about unmeasured variables with studies of reciprocal relationships: The case of employee attitudes. Journal of Applied Psychology 77 (5). 638-50.
5. Barnard, C.I. 1938. Functions of the executive. Cambridge, MA: Harvard.
6. Bateman, T.S., and D.W. Organ. 1983. Job satisfaction and the good soldier: The relationship between affect and employee 'citizenship'. Academy of Management Journal 26 (4). 587-95.
7. Bauer, T.N., and S.G. Green. 1996. The development of leader-member exchange: A longitudinal test. Academy of Management Journal 39 (6). 1538-76.
8. Bentler, P.M., and D.G. Bonnett. 1980. Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structure. Psychological Bulletin 88 (3). 588-606.
9. Bollen, K.A. 1989. Structural equations with latent variables. New York: Wiley.
10. Bond, M.H., K.C. Wan, K. Leung, and R.A. Giacalone. 1985. How are responses to verbal insult related to cultural collectivisim and power distance ? Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 16 (1). 111-27.
11. Bond, M.H., K. Leung, A. Au, K.K. Tong, and N.Z. Chemonges. 2002. Combining social axioms with values in predicting social behaviours. European Journal of Personality 18 (3). 177-91.
12. Brislin, R.W. 1970. Back-translation for cross-cultural research. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 1 (3). 185-216.
13. Brislin, R.W. 1980. Translation and content analysis of oral and written material. In Handbook of cross-cultural psychology, vol. 2, eds H.C. Triandis and J.W. Berry, 389-444. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
14. Browne, M.W., and R. Cudeck. 1993. Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In Testing structural equation models, eds K.A. Bollen, and J.S. Long, 146-62. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
15. Chan, Wing-Tsit. 1963. A source book in Chinese philosophy. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
16. Chen, G., and D. Tjosvold. 2002. Cooperative goals and constructive controversy for promoting innovation in student groups in China. Journal of Education for Business 78 (1). 46-50.
17. Chen, Y.F., D. Tjosvold, and F. Su. 2005. Goal interdependence for working across cultural boundaries: Chinese employees with foreign managers. International Journal of Intercultural Relations 29 (4). 429-47.
18. Chiao, C. 1981. Chinese strategic behavior: Some general principles. Paper presented at a conference in honor of Professor John M. Roberts, Nov.-Dec., in Claremont, CA.
19. Dansereau, F., G.B. Graen, and W. Haga. 1975. A vertical dyad linkage approach to leadership in formal organizations. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance 13 (1). 46-78.
20. Davies, G., M. Smith, and W. Twigger. 1991. Leading people: A model of choice and fate for leadership development. Leadership and Organization Development Journal 12 (1). 7-11.
21. Deutsch, M. 1990. Sixty years of conflict. International Journal of Conflict Management 1 (3). 237-63.
22. Deutsch, M. 1980. Fifty years of conflict. In Retrospections on social psychology, ed. L. Festinger, 46-77. New York: Oxford University Press.
23. Deutsch, M. 1949. A theory of cooperation and competition. Human Relations 2 (2). 129-52.
24. Deutsch, M. 1973. The resolution of conflict. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
25. Ding, Daniel Z. 1995. In search of determinants of Chinese conflict management styles in joint ventures: An integrated approach. Paper presented at the Thirteenth Annual Conference of the Association of Management, August, in Vancouver, Canada.
26. Dirks, K.T., and D.L. Ferrin. 2002. Trust in leadership: Meta-analytic findings and implications for research and practice. Journal of Applied Psychology 87 (4). 611-28.
27. Dunegan, K.J., M. Uhl-Bien, and D. Duchon. 2002. LMX and subordinate performance: The moderating effects of task characteristics. Journal of Business and Psychology 17 (2). 275-85.
28. Earley, P.C. 1989. Social loafing and collectivism: A comparison of the United States and the People's Republic of China. Administrative Science Quarterly 34 (4). 565-81.
29. Farh, J.L., and B.S. Cheng. 2000. A culture analysis of paternalistic leadership in Chinese organization. In Management and Organizations in China, eds A.S. Tsui and J.T. Li, 84-127. London: Macmillan.
30. Farh, J.L., P.M. Podsakoff, and D.W. Organ. 1990. Accounting for organizational citizenship behavior: Leader fairness and task scope versus satisfaction. Journal of Management 16 (4). 705-21.
31. Gerbing, D.W., and J.C. Anderson. 1988. An updated paradigm for scale development incorporating unidimensionality and its assessment. Journal of Marketing Research 25 (2). 186-92.
32. Graen, G. 2003. Dealing with diversity. LMX leadership: The series, vol 1. Greenwich, CT: Information Age.
33. Graen, G.B., and J. Cashman. 1975. A role-making model of leadership in formal organizations: A developmental approach. In Leadership frontiers, eds J.G. Hunt and L.L. Larson, 143-66. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press.
34. Graen, G.B., and S. Ginsburgh. 1977. Job resignation as a function of role orientation and leader acceptance: A longitudinal investigation of organizational assimilation. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance 19: 1-17.
35. Graen, G.B., M. Novak, and P. Sommerkam p. 1982. The effects of leader-member exchange and job design on productivity and satisfaction: Testing a dual attachment model. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance 30 (1). 109-31.
36. Graen, G.B., and T. Scandura. 1987. Toward a psychology of dyadic organizing. In Research in organizational behavior, vol. 9, eds B. Staw and L.L. Cumming, 175-208. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
37. Graen, G.B., and M. Uhl-Bien. 1995. Relationship-based approach to leadership: Development of leader-member exchange (LMX) theory of leadership over 25 years: Applying a multi-level multi-domain perspective. Leadership Quarterly 6 (2). 219-47.
38. Graen, G.B., and M. Wakabayashi. 1994. Cross-cultural leadership-making: Bridging American and Japanese diversity for team advantage. In Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology, vol. 4, eds H.C. Triandis, M.D. Dunnette, and L.M. Hough, 415-46. New York: Consulting Psychologist Press.
39. Hofstede, G. 1993. Cultural constraints in management theories. Academy of Management Executive 7 (1). 81-94.
40. Hollander, E.P. 1992. Leadership, followership, self, and others. Leadership Quarterly 3 (1). 43-54.
41. Hui, C., K.S. Law, and Z.X. Chen. 1999. A structural equation model of the effects of negative affectivity, leader-member exchange, and perceived job mobility on in-role and extra-role performance: A Chinese case. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 77 (1). 3-21.
42. James, L.R., S.S. Mulaik, and J.M. Brett. 1982. Causal analysis. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
43. Jehn, K., and E. Weldon. 1992 A comparative study of managerial attitudes toward conflict in the United States and the People's Republic of China: Issues of theory and measurement. Paper presented at the Academy of Management, August, in Las Vegas, NV.
44. Johnson, D.W., and R.T. Johnson. 1989. Cooperation and competition: Theory and research. Edina, MN: Interaction Book Company.
45. Joreskog, K.G., and D. Sorbom. 1989. LISREL 7: A guide to program and applications. 2 nd ed. Chicago: SPSS.
46. Kenny, D.A. 1979. Correlation and causality. New York: Wiley.
47. Kim, K.I., and D.W. Organ. 1982. Determinants of leader-subordinate exchange relationships. Group and Organization Studies 7 (1). 77-89.
48. Komaki, J.L., and M. Citera. 1990. Beyond effective supervision: Identifying key interactions between superior and subordinate. Leadership Quarterly 1 (2). 91-105.
49. Leung, K. 1997. Negotiation and reward allocations across cultures. In New perspectives on international industrial/organizational psychology, eds P.C. Earley and M. Erez, 640-75. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
50. Liden, R., and G.B. Graen. 1980. Generalizability of the vertical dyad linkage model of leadership. Academy of Management Journal 23 (3). 451-65.
51. Liden, R., S.J. Wayne, and D. Stilwell. 1993. A longitudinal study on the early development of leader-member exchanges. Journal of Applied Psychology 78 (44). 662-74.
52. Manz, C.C., and H.P. Simms Jr. 1989. Super-leadership. New York: Berkeley Books.
53. Marsh, H.W., J.R. Balla, and R.P. McDonald. 1988. Goodness-of-fit indexes in confirmatory factor analysis: The effect of sample size. Psychological Bulletin 103 (3). 391-410.
54. Mulaik, S.A., L.R. James, J. Van Alstine, N. Bennett, S. Lind, and C.D. Stilwell. 1989. An evaluation of goodness-of-fit indices for structural equation models. Psychological Bulletin 105 (3). 430-45.
55. Organ, D.W. 1988. Organizational citizenship behavior: The good soldier syndrome. Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath and Company.
56. Organ, D.W. 1997. Organizational citizenship behavior: It's construct clean-up time. Human Performance 10 (3). 85-97.
57. Paglis, L.L., and S.G. Green. 2001. Both sides now: Supervisor and subordinate perspectives on relationship quality. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 32 (2). 250-76.
58. Phillips, A.S., and A.G. Bedeian. 1994. Leader-follower exchange quality: The role of personal and interpersonal attributes. Academy of Management Journal 37 (4). 990-1001.
59. Podsakoff, P.M., S.B. MacKenzie, R.H. Moorman, and R. Fetter. 1990. Transformational leader behaviors and their effects on followers' trust in leader, satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behaviors. Leadership Quarterly 1 (2). 107-42.
60. Scandura, T.A., and G.B. Graen. 1984. Moderating effects of initial leader-member exchange status on the effects of a leadership intervention. Journal of Applied Psychology 69 (33). 428-36.
61. Schriesheim, C.A., and C.C. Gardiner. 1992. An exploration of the discriminant validity of the leader-member exchange scale (LMX7) commonly used in organizational research. In Proceedings of the Southern Management Association, ed. M. Schnake, 91-3. Valdosta, GA: Southern Management Association.
62. Settoon, R.P., N. Bennett, and R.C. Liden. 1996. Social exchange in organizations: Perceived organizational support, leader-member exchange, and employee reciprocity. Journal of Applied Psychology 81 (33). 219-27.
63. Smith, C.A., D.W. Organ, and J.P. Near. 1983. Organizational citizenship behavior: Its nature and antecedents. Journal of Applied Psychology 68 (44). 653-63.
64. Spector, P.E. 1992. A consideration of the validity and meaning of self-report measures of job conditions. In International review of industrial and organizational psychology, eds C.L. Cooper and I.T. Robertson, 123-51. Chichester: Wiley.
65. Spector, P.E., and M.T. Brannick. 1995. The nature and effects of method variance in organizational research. In International review of industrial and organizational psychology, eds C.L. Cooper and I.T. Robertson, 249-74. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley.
66. Steiger, J.H. 1990 Structural model evaluation and modification: An interval estimation approach. Multivariate Behavioral Research 25 (2). 173-80.
67. Steiner, D.D., and G.H. Dobbins. 1989. The role of work values in leaders' attributions and the development of leader-member exchanges. International Journal of Management 6: 81-90.
68. Tierney, P., and T.N. Bauer. 1996. A longitudinal assessment of LMX on extra-role behavior. Academy of Management Best Paper Proceedings, Organizational Behavior Division, 298-302.
69. Tierney, P., T.N. Bauer, and R.E. Potter. 2002. Extra-role behavior among Mexican employees: The impact of LMX, group acceptance, and job attitudes. International Journal of Selection and Assessment 10 (4). 292-303.
70. Tjosvold, D. 1984. Cooperation theory and organizations. Human Relations 37 (9). 743-67.
71. Tjosvold, D. 1989. Interdependence and power between managers and employees: A study of the leader relationship. Journal of Management 15 (1). 49-64.
72. Tjosvold, D. 1998. Cooperative and competitive goal approaches to conflict: Accomplishments and challenges. Applied Psychology: An International Review 47: 285-342.
73. Tjosvold, D., I.R. Andrews, and H. Jones. 1983. Cooperative and competitive relationships between leaders and their subordinates. Human Relations 36 (12). 1111-24.
74. Tjosvold, D., I.R. Andrews, and J. Struthers. 1991. Leadership influence: Goal interdependence and power. Journal of Social Psychology 132 (11). 39-50.
75. Tjosvold, D., and M.M. Tjosvold. 1995. Cooperation theory, constructive controversy, and effectiveness: Learning from crises. In Team effectiveness and decision making in organizations, eds R.A. Guzzo and E. Salas, 79-112. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
76. Tjosvold, D., and Y. Tsao. 1989. Productive organizational collaboration: The role of values and cooperative goals. Journal of Organizational Behavior 10 (2). 189-95.
77. Tjosvold, D., A.S.H. Wong, and C. Hui. 2002. Leadership research in Asia: Developing relationships. Paper presented at the Third Asian Academy of Management, December, in Bangkok, Thailand.
78. Triandis, H.C. 1990. Cross cultural studies of individualism and collectivism. In Nebraska Symposium on Motivation 1989, ed. J.J. Berman, 41-133. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
79. Triandis, H.C., C. McCusker, and C.H. Hui. 1990. Multimethod probes of individualism and collectivism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 59 (5). 1006-20.
80. Tsui, A.S., K.R. Xin, and T.D. Egan. 1995. Relational demography: The missing link in vertical dyad linkage. In Productivity and interpersonal relations in work teams characterized by diversity, eds S. Jackson and M. Ruderman, 97-130. Washington DC: American Psychological Association.
81. Tucker, L.R., and C. Lewis. 1973. The reliability coefficient for maximum likelihood factor analysis. Psychometrika 38 (1). 1-10.
82. Turban, D.G., A.P. Jones, and R.M. Rozelle. 1990. Influences of supervisor liking of a subordinate and the reward context on the treatment and evaluation of that subordinate. Motivation and Emotion 14 (3). 215-33.
83. Uhl-Bien, M., G.B. Graen, and T.A. Scandura. 1996. Relational leadership theory: A role-making approach. Unpublished manuscript.
84. Van de Ven, A.H., A.H. Delbecq, and R. Koening Jr. 1976. Determinants of coordination modes within organizations. American Sociological Review 41 (2). 322-38.
85. Vecchio, R.P., R.W. Griffith, and P.W. Hom. 1986. The predictive utility of the vertical dyad linkage approach. Journal of Social Psychology 126 (55). 617-25.
86. Wayne, S.J., and G.R. Ferris. 1990. Influence tactics, affect, and exchange quality in supervisor-subordinate interactions: A laboratory experiment and field study. Journal of Applied Psychology 75: 487-99.
87. Wheaton, B. 1987. Assessment of fit in overidentified models with latent variables. Sociological Methods and Research 16 (1). 118-54.
88. Williams, L.J., and J.T. Hazer. 1986. Antecedents and consequences of satisfaction and commitment in turnover models: A reanalysis using latent variable structural equation models. Journal of Applied Psychology 71 (2). 219-31.