Maximum host survival at intermediate parasite infection intensities

PLoS ONE

Volumn 3, Issue 6, 2008, Pages

  Stjernman, Martin ^a   Råberg, Lars ^a   Nilsson, Jan Åke ^a  

^a LUND UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CYTOCHROME B;

ANIMAL PARASITOSIS; ARTICLE; BIRD DISEASE; BLOOD PARASITE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE SEVERITY; FITNESS; HAEMOPROTEUS MAJORIS; HOST RESISTANCE; INFECTION CONTROL; LINEAR SYSTEM; MICROSCOPY; NONHUMAN; NONLINEAR SYSTEM; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; SURVIVAL RATE; SWEDEN; WINTER; ANIMAL; BIRD; PARASITOLOGY; PARASITOSIS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY;

AVES; CYANISTES CAERULEUS; HAEMOPROTEUS;

ANIMALS; BIRDS; PARASITIC DISEASES; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION;

EID: 49249112444     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002463     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Anderson RM, May RM (1982) Coevolution of hosts and parasites. Parasitology 85: 411-426.
2. Gustafsson L, Nordling D, Andersson MS, Sheldon BC, Qvarnström A (1994) Infectious diseases, reproductive effort and the cost of reproduction in birds. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 346: 323-331.
3. Sheldon BC, Verhulst S (1996) Ecological immunology: Costly parasite defences and trade-offs-in evolutionary ecology. Trends Ecol Evol 11: 317-321.
4. Atkinson CT, Forrester DJ, Greiner EC (1988) Pathogenicity of Haemoproteus meleagridis (Haemosporina, Haemoproteidae) in Experimentally Infected Domestic Turkeys. J Parasitol 74: 228-239.
5. Desser SS, Bennett GF (1993) The Genera Leucocytozoon, Haemoproteus, and Hepalocystis. In: Kreier JP, ed. Parasitic Protozoa. San Diego: Academic Press, Inc. pp 273-307.
6. Nordling D, Andersson M, Zohari S, Gustafsson L (1998) Reproductive effort reduces specific immune response and parasite resistance. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 265: 1291-1298.
7. Richner H, Christe P, Oppliger A (1995) Paternal investment affects prevalence of malaria. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92: 1192-1194.
8. Sol D, Jovani R, Torres J (2003) Parasite mediated mortality and host immune response explain age-related differences in blood parasitism in birds. Occologia 135: 542-547.
9. Bennett GF, Caines JR, Bishop MA (1988) Influence of Blood Parasites on the Body-Mass of Passeriform Birds. J Wildlife Dis 24: 339-343.
10. Bennett GF, Peirce MA, Ashford RW (1993) Avian Hematozoa: mortality and pathogenicity. J Nat Hist 27: 993-1001.
11. Weatherhead PJ, Bennett GF (1992) Ecology of Parasitism of Brown-Headed Cowbirds by Hematozoa. Can J Zool 70: 1-7.
12. Stien A, Irvine R, Ropstad E, Halvorsen O, Langvatn R, et al. (2002) The impact of gastrointestinal nematodes on wild reindeer: Experimental and cross-sectional studies. J Anim Ecol 71: 937-945.
13. Telfer S, Bennett M, Bown K, Cavanagh R, Crespin L, et al. (2002) The effects of cowpox virus on survival in natural rodent populations: Increases and decreases. J Anim Ecol 71: 558-568.
14. Bull CM, Burzacott D (1993) The impact of tick load on the fitness of their lizard hosts. Oecologia 96: 415-419.
15. Graham AL, Allen JE, Read AF (2005) Evolutionary causes and consequences of immunopathology. Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics 36: 373-397.
16. Westneat DF, Birkhead TR (1998) Alternative hypotheses linking the immune system and mate choice for good genes. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 265: 1065-1073.
17. Råberg L, Grahn M, Hasselquist D, Svensson E (1998) On the adaptive significance of stress-induced immunosuppression. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 265: 1637-1641.
18. Hellgren O, Waldenström J, Bensch S (2004) A new PCR assay for simultaneous studies of Leucocytozoon, Plasmodium, and Haemoproteus from avian blood. J Parasitol 90: 797-802.
19. Waldenström J, Bensch S, Hasselquist D, Östman Ö (2004) A new nested polymerase, chain reaction method very efficient in detecting Plasmodium and Haemoproteus infections from avian blood. J Parasitol 90: 191-194.
20. Råberg L, Stjemman M (2003) Natural selection on immune responsiveness in blue tits Parus caeruleus. Evolution 57: 1670-1678.
21. Lochmiller RL, Deerenberg C (2000) Trade-offs in evolutionary immunology: just what is the cost of immunity? Oikos 88: 87-98.
22. Jankovic D, Liu Z, Gause WC (2001) Th1- and Th2-cell commitment during infectious disease: asymmetry in divergent pathways. Trends Immunol 22: 450-457.
23. Svensson L (1992) Identification guide to European passerines. Stockholm. Sweden:
24. Stjernman M. Råberg L. Nilsson J-A (2004) Survival costs of reproduction in the blue tit (Parus caeruleus): a role for blood parasites? Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 271: 2387-2394.
25. Sambrook J, Fritsch EF, Maniatis T (1989) Molecular cloning, a laboratory manual. Cold Spring Harbour, NY: Cold Spring Harbour Laboratory Press.
26. SAS Institute (1999) SAS Online Doc V8. Cary, NC, USA: SAS Institute Inc.
27. Schluter D (1988) Estimating the form of natural selection on a quantitative trait. Evolution 42: 849-861.