Using testis size to predict the mating systems of New Zealand geckos

New Zealand Journal of Zoology

Volumn 35, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 103-114

  Todd, Amana C ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CANTERBURY   (New Zealand)

^b DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

Gecko; Gekkonidae; Mating system; New Zealand; Reptile; Testis size; Testis volume

Indexed keywords

BREEDING POPULATION; CLUTCH SIZE; MORPHOLOGY; PREDICTION; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGY; REPTILE; SEX RATIO; SPERM COMPETITION; TAXONOMY;

AUSTRALASIA; NEW ZEALAND;

GEKKONIDAE; REPTILIA; SQUAMATA; VERTEBRATA;

EID: 49149118061     PISSN: 03014223     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/03014220809510107     Document Type: Article

References (84)

1. Amey AP, Whittier JM 2000. The annual reproductive cycle and sperm storage in the bearded dragon, Pogona barbata. Australian Journal of Zoology 48: 411-419.
2. Arslan MJ, Lobo J, Zaidi AA, Jalali S, Qazi MH 1978. Annual androgen rhythms in the spiny-tailed lizard, Uromastix hardwicki. General and Comparative Endocrinology 36: 16-22.
3. Breed WG 1997. Interspecific variation of testis size and epididymal sperm numbers in Australasian rodents with special reference to the genus Notomys. Australian Journal of Zoology 45: 651-669.
4. Briskie JV, Montgomerie R 2006. Testis size, sperm size and sperm competition. Chapter 9. Pp. 513-551. In: Jamieson BGM ed. Reproductive biology and phylogeny of Aves. Enfield, New Hampshire, USA, Science Publishers Inc.
5. Bull CM 1988. Mate fidelity in an Australian lizard Trachydosaurus rugosus. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 23: 45-49.
6. Bull CM 2000. Monogamy in lizards. Behavioural Processes 51: 7-20.
7. Bull CM, Cooper SJB, Baghurst BC 1998. Social monogamy and extra-pair fertilization in an Australian lizard, Tiliqua rugosa. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 44: 63-72.
8. Calhim S, Birkhead TR 2007. Testes size in birds: quality versus quantity-assumptions, errors, and estimates. Behavioral Ecology 18: 271-275.
9. Cogger HG 1975. Reptiles and amphibians of Australia. Sydney, AH & AW Reed.
10. Daniel PM 1960. Growth and cyclic behaviour in the West African lizard, Agama agama africana. Copeia 1960: 94-97.
11. Davidge C 1980. Reproduction in the herpetofaunal community of a Banksia woodland near Perth, WA. Australian Journal of Zoology 28: 435-443.
12. Emerson SB 1997. Testis size variation in frogs: testing the alternatives. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 41: 227-235.
13. Flemming A 1993. The male reproductive cycle of the lizard Pseudocordylus m. melanotus (Sauria: Cordylidae). Journal of Herpetology 27: 473-478.
14. Fox W 1958. Sexual cycle of the male lizard, Anolis carolinensis. Copeia 1958: 22-29.
15. Gage MJG 1994. Associations between body size, mating pattern, testis size and sperm lengths across butterflies. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B 258: 247-254.
16. Gill B, Whitaker T 1996. New Zealand frogs and reptiles. Auckland, New Zealand, David Bateman Limited.
17. Gillott C 1980. Entomology. New York, Plenum Press.
18. Harcourt AH, Harvey PH, Larson SG, Short RV 1981. Testis weight, body weight and breeding system in primates. Nature 293: 55-57.
19. Harcourt AH, Purvis A, Liles L 1995. Sperm competition: mating system, not breeding season, affects testis size of primates. Functional Ecology 9: 468-476.
20. Harvey PH, Harcourt AH 1984. Sperm competition, testes size and breeding systems in primates. In: Smith RL ed. Chapter 18. Sperm competition and the evolution of animal mating systems. New York, Academic Press. Pp. 589-600.
21. Harvey PH, Pagel MD 1991. The comparative method in evolutionary biology. Oxford, Oxford University Press.
22. Heske EJ, Ostfeld RS 1990. Sexual dimorphism in size, relative size of testes, and mating systems in North American voles. Journal of Mammalogy 71: 510-519.
23. Hitchmough RA 1982. The ecology of a population of Naultinus grayii Bell near Kaitaia. Pp. 399-407. In: Newman DG ed. New Zealand Herpetology. Proceedings of a Symposium held at the Victoria University of Wellington, 29-31 January 1980. New Zealand Wildlife Service Occasional Publication No. 2.
24. Hitchmough RA 1991. Biochemical systematics of Hoplodactylus maculatus and its relatives. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 18: 345 (abstract).
25. Hitchmough RA 1997. A systematic revision of the New Zealand Gekkonidae. Unpublished PhD thesis, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.
26. Hitchmough R, Bull L, Cromarty P comp. 2007. New Zealand threat classification system lists-2005. Department of Conservation, Wellington. 194 p.
27. Hosken DJ 1998. Testes mass in megachiropteran bats varies in accordance with sperm competition theory. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 44: 169-177.
28. Huang WS 1998. Reproductive cycles of the grass lizard, Takydromus hsuehshanensis, with comments on reproductive patterns of lizards from the central high elevation area of Taiwan. Copeia 1998: 866-873.
29. Inger RF, Greenberg B 1966. Annual reproductive patterns of lizards from a Bornean rain forest. Ecology 47: 1007-1021.
30. Jackson JF, Telford SRJ 1974. Reproductive ecology of the Florida scrub lizard, Sceloporus woodi. Copeia 1974: 689-694.
31. James CD 1991. Annual variation in reproductive cycles of Scincid lizards (Ctenotus) in Central America. Copeia 1991: 744-760.
32. Jenssen TA, Nunez SC 1994. Male and female reproductive cycles of the Jamaican lizard, Anolis opalinus. Copeia 1994: 767-780.
33. Jenssen TA, Nunez SC 1998. Spatial and breeding relationships of the lizard, Anolis carolinensis: evidence of intrasexual selection. Behaviour 135: 981-1003.
34. Jenssen TA, Orrell KS, Lovern MB 2000. Sexual dimorphism in aggressive signal structure and use by a polygynous lizard, Anolis carolinensis. Copeia 2000: 140-149.
35. Jones SM, Wapstra E, Swain R 1997. Asynchronous male and female gonadal cycles and plasma steroid concentrations in a viviparous lizard, Niveoscincus ocellatus (Scincidae), from Tasmania. General and Comparative Endocrinology 108: 271-281.
36. Kenagy GJ, Trombulak SC 1986. Size and function of mammalian testes in relation to body size. Journal of Mammalogy 67: 1-22.
37. Kusano T, Toda M, Fukuyama K 1991. Testes size and breeding systems in Japanese anurans with special reference to large testes in the treefrog, Rhacophorus arboreus (Amphibia: Rhacophoridae). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 29: 27-31.
38. Licht P, Gorman GC 1970. Reproductive and fat cycles in Caribbean Anolis lizards. University of California Publications in Zoology 95: 1-52.
39. MacAvoy ES 1976. The physiology of lizards from arid regions in Central Otago. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
40. McIvor I 1972. Ecology of a population of Hoplodactylus pacificus, the common New Zealand gecko (Reptilia: Gekkonidae). Unpublished MSc thesis, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
41. Mainwaring PJ 1979. Notes on the gecko Heteropholis stellatus. Herpetofauna 11: 16-18.
42. Marion KR, Sexton OJ 1971. The reproductive cycle of the lizard Sceloporus malachiticus in Costa Rica. Copeia 1971: 517-526.
43. Mayhew WW 1963. Reproduction in the granite spiny lizard, Sceloporus orcutti. Copeia 1963: 144-152.
44. Mayhew WW 1966. Reproduction in the arenicolous lizard Uma notata. Ecology 47: 9-18.
45. Mayhew WW, Wright SJ 1970. Seasonal changes in testicular histology of three species of the lizard genus Uma. Journal of Morphology 130: 163-186.
46. Méndez de la Cruz FR, Guillette LJ, Villagrán-Santa Cruz M, Casas-Andreu G 1988. Reproductive and fat body cycles of the viviparous lizard, Sceloporus mucronatus (Sauria, Iguanidae). Journal of Herpetology 22: 1-12.
47. Meshake WEJ 1995. Reproductive cycle and colonization ability of the Mediterranean gecko (Hemidactylus turcicus) in south-central Florida. Florida Science 58: 10-15.
48. Milton DA 1987. Reproduction of two closely related skinks, Egernia modesta and E. whitii (Lacertilia: Scincidae) in south-east Queensland. Australian Journal of Zoology 35: 35-41.
49. Møller AP 1988. Testes size, ejaculate quality and sperm competition in birds. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 33: 273-283.
50. Møller AP 1989. Ejaculate quality, testes size and sperm production in mammals. Functional Ecology 3: 91-96.
51. Møller AP 1991. Sperm competition, sperm depletion, paternal care, and relative testis size in birds. American Naturalist 137: 882-906.
52. Moreira JR, MacDonald DW, Clarke JR 1997. Correlates of testis mass in capybaras (Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris): dominance assurance or sperm production? Journal of Zoology (London) 241: 457-463.
53. Olsson M, Madsen T 1998. Sexual selection and sperm competition in reptiles. In: Birkhead TR, Møller AP ed. Chapter 13. Sperm competition and sexual selection. San Diego, Academic Press. Pp. 503-577.
54. Pianka ER 1971. Ecology of the agamid lizard Amphibolurus isolepis in Western Australia. Copeia 1971: 527-536.
55. Porter R 1988. Spotlight No. 2-the Northland green gecko (Naultinus grayi)-fully protected. Moko, Autumn. Pp. 17-19.
56. Purvis A, Rambaut A 1994. Comparative analysis by independent contrasts (CAIC). Version 2. Oxford University.
57. Rieppel O, Schweiz B 1976. Ein beispiel der ritualisation das paarungsverhalten von Hoplodactylus pacificus Gray. Aquarien und Terrarien 23: 130-135.
58. Robertson IAD, Chapman BM, Chapman RF 1962. Notes on some reptiles collected in the Rukwa Valley, S.W. Tanganyika. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 5: 421-432.
59. Robertson IAD, Chapman BM, Chapman RF 1965. Notes on the biology of the lizards Agama cyanogaster and Mabuya striata striata collected in the Rukwa valley, southwest Tanganyika. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 145: 305-320.
60. Robinson M 1985. Sexual cycles of New Zealand lizards, with particular reference to the gecko Hoplodactylus maculatus (Boulenger). Unpublished MSc thesis, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.
61. Rowlands RPV 1981. New Zealand geckos-a guide to captive maintenance and breeding. Auckland, privately published.
62. Schoener TW, Schoener A 1980. Densities, sex ratios, and population structure in four species of Bahamian Anolis lizards. Journal of Animal Ecology 49: 19-53.
63. Sexton OJ, Ortleb EP, Hathaway LM, Ballinger RE, Licht P 1971. Reproductive cycles of three species of anoline lizards from the Isthmus of Panama. Ecology 52: 201-215.
64. Sexton OJ, Turner O 1971. The reproductive cycle of a neotropical lizard. Ecology 52: 159-164.
65. Shea GM 1993. The male reproductive cycle of the Eastern blue-tongued lizard Tiliqua scincoides (Squamata: Scincidae). In: Lunney D, Ayes D ed. Herpetology in Australia-a diverse discipline. Mosman, NSW, Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales. Pp. 397-403.
66. Shine R 1977a. Reproduction in Australian elapid snakes I. testicular cycles and mating seasons. Australian Journal of Zoology 25: 647-653.
67. Shine R 1977b. Reproduction in Australian elapid snakes II. Female reproductive cycles. Australian Journal of Zoology 25: 655-666.
68. Short RV 1979. Sexual selection and its component parts, somatic and genital selection, as illustrated by man and the great apes. Advances in the Study of Behavior 9: 131-158.
69. Simbotwe MP 1985. Sexual dimorphism and reproduction of Lampropholis guichenoti (Lacertilia: Scincidae). In: Grigg G, Shine R, Ehmann H ed. The Biology of Australasian Frogs and Reptiles. Sydney, Surrey Beatty & Sons Pry Ltd. Pp. 11-16.
70. Smith HM 1995. Handbook of lizards. Lizards of the United States and of Canada. Ithaca & London, Cornell University Press.
71. Somma CA, Brooks GL 1976. Reproduction in Anolis oculatus, Ameiva fuscata, and Mabuya mabouya from Dominica. Copeia 1976: 249-256.
72. Stockley P, Gage MJG, Parker GA, Møller AP 1997. Sperm competition in fishes: the evolution of testis size and ejaculate characteristics. American Naturalist 149: 933-954.
73. Todd AC 2003. Mating strategies and sperm competition in New Zealand geckos (family Gekkonidae). Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Canterbury, New Zealand.
74. Todd AC 2005. The social mating system of Hoplodactylus maculatus. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 32: 251-262.
75. Tollestrup K 1982. Growth and reproduction in two closely related species of leopard lizards, Gambelia silus and Gambelia wislizenii. American Midland Naturalist 108: 1-20.
76. Towns DR 1975. Reproduction and growth of the black shore skink, Leiolopisma suteri (Lacertilia: Scincidae), in north-eastern New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 2: 409-423.
77. Valdéz-González MA, Ramírez-Bautista A. 2002. Reproductive characteristics of the spiny lizards, Sceloporus horridus and Sceloporus spinosus (Squamata: Phrynosomatidae) from México. Journal of Herpetology 36: 36-43.
78. Vitt LJ 1983. Reproduction and sexual dimorphism in the tropical teiid lizard, Cnemidophorus ocellifer. Copeia 1983: 359-366.
79. Whitaker AH 1982. Interim results from a study of Hoplodactylus maculatus (Boulenger) at Turakirae Head, Wellington. In: Newman DG ed. New Zealand herpetology. Proceedings of a Symposium held at the Victoria University of Wellington, 29-31 January 1980. New Zealand Wildlife Service Occasional Publication No. 2. Pp. 363-374.
80. Wilhoft DC, Quay WB 1961. Testicular histology and seasonal changes in the lizard, Sceloporus occidentalis. Journal of Morphology 108: 95-106.
81. Wilhoft DC, Reiter EO 1965. Sexual cycle of the lizard, Leiolopisma füscum, a tropical Australian skink. Journal of Morphology 116: 379-388.
82. Wilson SK, Knowles DG 1988. Australia's Reptiles: a photographic reference to the terrestrial reptiles of Australia. Collins Publishers Australia.
83. Zamudio KR, Sinervo B 2000. Polygyny, mate-guarding, and posthumous fertilization as alternative male mating strategies. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 97(26): 14427-14432.
84. Zug GR, Vitt LJ, Caldwell JP 2001. Herpetology: an introductory biology of amphibians and reptiles. London, Academic Press.