A survey of the potential impact of the European Union Physical Agents Directive (EU PAD) on electromagnetic fields (EMF) on MRI research practice in the United Kingdom

Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Volumn 28, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 486-492

  Perrin, Nicola M R ^a   Morris, Clive J ^a  

^a WELLCOME TRUST SANGER INSTITUTE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

EMF; Occupational exposure; Physical agents directive; Safety; Survey

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CLINICAL PRACTICE; E-MAIL; ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PRIORITY JOURNAL; UNITED KINGDOM;

BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH; ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS; EQUIPMENT SAFETY; EUROPEAN UNION; GREAT BRITAIN; HUMANS; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; PHYSICIAN'S PRACTICE PATTERNS; PRACTICE GUIDELINES AS TOPIC; QUESTIONNAIRES; RISK ASSESSMENT; SAFETY MANAGEMENT;

EID: 49049117520     PISSN: 10531807     EISSN: 15222586     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/jmri.21403     Document Type: Article

References (15)

1. Directive 2004/40/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the minimum health and safety requirements regarding the exposure of workers to the risks arising from physical agents (electromagnetic fields). Official Journal of the European Union L 159 of 30 April 2004 (and corrigenda L 184 of 24 May 2004).
2. Keevil SF, Gedroyc W, Gowland P, et al. Electromagnetic field exposure limitation and the future of MRI. Br J Radiol 2005;78:973-975.
3. Hill DLG, McLeish K, Keevil SF. Impact of electromagnetic field exposure limits in Europe: is the future of interventional MRI safe? Acad Radiol 2005;12:1135-1142.
4. Health Council of the Netherlands. Comments concerning possible MRI restrictions due to implementation of a EU Directive. The Hague: Health Council of the Netherlands; 2007 (Publication no. 2007/17).
5. Moore EA, Scurr E. BAMRR Safety Survey 2005: potential impact of EU PAD (EMF). J Magn Reson Imaging 2007;26:1303-1307.
6. EPSRC Memorandum to House of Commons Science and Technology Committee, January 2006. Available at: www.publications.uk./pa/cm200506/cmselect/cmsctech/ 1030/1030.pdf
7. UK Health and Safety Executive (HSE). HSE Research Report. Assessment of electromagnetic fields around MRI equipment. 2007. Available at: http://hse.gov.uk/research/rrhtm/rr570.htm.
8. Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). Guidelines for magnetic resonance equipment in clinical use. 2003.
9. National Radiological Protection Board (now Health Protection Agency, Radiation Protection Division). Advice on limiting exposure to electromagnetic fields (0-300GHz). Documents of the NRPB 2004;15(2).
10. International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). Medical MR procedures: protection of patients, volunteers and staff. Health Phys 2004;87:197-216.
11. International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). Medical equipment: particular requirements for the safety of magnetic resonance equipment for medical diagnosis (2002-2005). IEC standard 60601-2-33.
12. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Criteria for significant risk investigations of magnetic resonance diagnostic devices (limits for MR safety) 2003. Rockville, MD: U.S. FDA.
13. Kanal E, Borgstede JP, Barkovich AJ, et al. American College of Radiology. White paper on MRC safety. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2002;178:1335-1347.
14. Crozier S, Trakic A, Wang H, Liu F. Numerical study of currents in occupational workers induced by body-motion around high-ultrahigh field MRI magnets. In: Proceedings of the 15th Annual Meeting of ISMRM, Berlin, Germany, 2007 (Abstract 1098).
15. Letter from Professor Reza Razavi to MHRA, 19 October 2004, published as evidence in "Watching the Directives: scientific advice on the EU Physical Agents (EMF) Directive." House of Commons Science and Technology Committee, June 2006. Available at: www.publications.uk./pa/cm200506/cmselect/cmsctech/ 1030/1030.pdf