Providing the evidence base for environmental risk assessments of novel farm management practices

Environmental Science and Policy

Volumn 11, Issue 7, 2008, Pages 579-587

  Storkey, J ^a   Bohan, D A ^a   Haughton, A J ^a   Champion, G T ^b   Perry, J N ^a   Poppy, G M ^c   Woiwod, I P ^a  

^a ROTHAMSTED RESEARCH   (United Kingdom)

^b Broom's Barn Research Station   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Farm scale evaluations; Farmland biodiversity; FSEs; Genetically modified crops

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BIOMETRY; DECISION MAKING; ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT; EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE; FARMING SYSTEM; POLICY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK ASSESSMENT; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; TAXONOMY; TRANSGENIC PLANT; VALIDATION PROCESS;

EID: 49049099577     PISSN: 14629011     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2008.06.001     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. ACRE (Advisory Committee on Releases to the Environment), 2006. Managing the footprint of agriculture: towards a comparative assessment of risks and benefits for novel agricultural systems. www.defra.gov.uk/environment/acre/fsewiderissues/acre-fse-060317draft.pd f.
2. Anonymous, and Perry J.N. Design and Analysis of Efficacy Evaluation Trials, PP 1/152(2). EPPO Standards, Guidelines for the Efficacy Evaluation of Plant Protection Products (1999), EPPO/OEPP, Paris pp. 37-51
3. Biesmeijer J.C., Roberts S.P.M., Reemer M., Ohlemuller R., Edwards M., Peeters T., Schaffers A.P., Potts S.G., Kleukers R., Thomas C.D., Settele J., and Kunin W.E. Parallel declines in pollinators and insect-pollinated plants in Britain and the Netherlands. Science 313 (2006) 351-354
4. Bohan D.A., Boffey C.W.H., Brooks D.R., Clark S.J., Dewar A.M., Firbank L.G., Haughton A.J., Hawes C., Heard M.S., May M.J., Osborne J.L., Perry J.N., Rothery P., Roy D.B., Scott R.J., Squire G.R., Woiwod I.P., and Champion G.T. Effects on weed and invertebrate abundance and diversity of herbicide management in genetically modified herbicide-tolerant winter-sown oilseed rape. Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. 272 (2005) 463-474
5. Bohan D.A., Bohan A.C., Glen D.M., Symondson W.O.C., Wiltshire C.W., and Hughes L. Spatial dynamics of predation by carabid beetles on slugs. J. Anim. Ecol. 69 (2000) 367-379
6. Brooks D.R., Bohan D.A., Champion G.T., Haughton A.J., Hawes C., Heard M.S., Clark S.J., Dewar A.M., Firbank L.G., Perry J.N., Rothery P., Scott R.J., Woiwod I.P., Birchall C., Skellern M.P., Walker J.H., Baker P., Bell D., Browne E.L., Dewar A.J.G., Fairfax C.M., Garner B.H., Haylock L.A., Horne S.L., Hulmes S.E., Mason N.S., Norton L.R., Nuttall P., Randle Z., Rossall M.J., Sands R.J.N., Singer E.J., and Walker M.J. Invertebrate responses to the management of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant and conventional spring crops. I. Soil-surface-active invertebrates. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B-Biol. Sci. 358 (2003) 1847-1862
7. Brooks D.R., Perry J.N., Clark S.J., Heard M.S., Firbank L.G., Holdgate R., Mason N.S., Shortall C.R., Skellern M.P., and Woiwod I.P. National-scale metacommunity dynamics of carabid beetles in UK farmland. J. Anim. Ecol. 77 (2008) 265-274
8. Butler S.J., Vickery J.A., and Norris K. Farmland biodiversity and the footprint of agriculture. Science 315 (2007) 381-384
9. Cavan G., Cussans J., and Moss S. Managing the risks of herbicide resistance in wild oat. Weed Sci. 49 (2001) 236-240
10. Clark S.J., Rothery P., and Perry J.N. Farm Scale Evaluations of spring-sown genetically modified herbicide-tolerant crops: a statistical assessment. Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. 273 (2006) 237-243
11. Clark S.J., Rothery P., Perry J.N., and Heard M.S. Farm Scale Evaluations of herbicide-tolerant crops: assessment of within-field variation and sampling methodology. Weed Res. 47 (2007) 157-163
12. Colbach N., Dessaint F., and Forcella F. Evaluating field-scale sampling methods for the estimation of mean plant densities of weeds. Weed Res. 40 (2000) 411-430
13. Critchley C.N.R., and Fowbert J.A. Development of vegetation on set-aside land for up to nine years from a national perspective. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 79 (2000) 159-174
14. DEFRA (UK Government Department for the environment, food and rural affairs), 2007. Biodiversity indicators. A biodiversity strategy for England-measuring progress. http://www.defra.gov.uk/wildlife-countryside/biodiversity/biostrat/indic ators/.
15. Doyle C.J., Cousens R., and Moss S.R. A model of the economics of controlling Alopecurus-Myosuroides Huds in winter-wheat. Crop Prot. 5 (1986) 143-150
16. Firbank L.G., Heard M.S., Woiwod I.P., Hawes C., Haughton A.J., Champion G.T., Scott R.J., Hill M.O., Dewar A.M., Squire G.R., May M.J., Brooks D.R., Bohan D.A., Daniels R.E., Osborne J.L., Roy D.B., Black H.I.J., Rothery P., and Perry J.N. An introduction to the Farm-Scale Evaluations of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant crops. J. Appl. Ecol. 40 (2003) 2-16
17. Firbank L.G., and Watkinson A.R. Modeling the population-dynamics of an arable weed and its effects upon crop yield. J. Appl. Ecol. 23 (1986) 147-159
18. Freckleton R.P., and Watkinson A.R. Predicting the determinants of weed abundance: a model for the population dynamics of Chenopodium album in sugar beet. J. Appl. Ecol. 35 (1998) 904-920
19. Gibbons D.W., Bohan D.A., Rothery P., Stuart R.C., Haughton A.J., Scott R.J., Wilson J.D., Perry J.N., Clark S.J., Dawson R.J.G., and Firbank L.G. Weed seed resources for birds in fields with contrasting conventional and genetically modified herbicide-tolerant crops. Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. 273 (2006) 1921-1928
20. Gonzalez-Andujar J.L., and Saavedra M. Spatial distribution of annual grass weed populations in winter cereals. Crop Prot. 22 (2003) 629-633
21. Gotelli N.J., and Colwell R.K. Quantifying biodiversity: procedures and pitfalls in the measurement and comparison of species richness. Ecol. Lett. 4 (2001) 379-391
22. Gregory R.D., van Strien A., Vorisek P., Meyling A.W.G., Noble D.G., Foppen R.P.B., and Gibbons D.W. Developing indicators for European birds. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. 360 (2005) 269-288
23. Harrington R., Clark S.J., Welham S.J., Verrier P.J., Denholm C.H., Hulle M., Maurice D., Rounsevell M.D., and Cocu N. Environmental change and the phenology of European aphids. Glob. Change Biol. 13 (2007) 1550-1564
24. Hawes C., Begg G.S., Squire G.R., and Iannetta P.P.M. Individuals as the basic accounting unit in studies of ecosystem function: functional diversity in shepherd's purse, Capsella. Oikos 109 (2005) 521-534
25. Hawes C., Haughton A.J., Osborne J.L., Roy D.B., Clark S.J., Perry J.N., Rothery P., Bohan D.A., Brooks D.R., Champion G.T., Dewar A.M., Heard M.S., Woiwod I.P., Daniels R.E., Young M.W., Parish A.M., Scott R.J., Firbank L.G., and Squire G.R. Responses of plants and invertebrate trophic groups to contrasting herbicide regimes in the Farm Scale Evaluations of genetically modified herb icide-tolerant crops. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B-Biol. Sci. 358 (2003) 1899-1913
26. Heard M.S., Hawes C., Champion G.T., Clark S.J., Firbank L.G., Haughton A.J., Parish A.M., Perry J.N., Rothery P., Scott R.J., Skellern M.P., Squire G.R., and Hill M.I. Weeds in fields with contrasting conventional and genetically modified herbicide-tolerant crops. I. Effects on abundance and diversity. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B-Biol. Sci. 358 (2003) 1819-1832
27. Heard M.S., Rothery P., Perry J.N., and Firbank L.G. Predicting longer-term changes in weed populations under GMHT crop management. Weed Res. 45 (2005) 331-338
28. Hyvonen T., and Salonen J. Weed species diversity and community composition in cropping practices at two intensity levels-a six-year experiment. Plant Ecol. 159 (2002) 73-81
29. Kremen C., Williams N.M., Aizen M.A., Gemmill-Herren B., LeBuhn G., Minckley R., Packer L., Potts S.G., Roulston T., Steffan-Dewenter I., Vazquez D.P., Winfree R., Adams L., Crone E.E., Greenleaf S.S., Keitt T.H., Klein A.M., Regetz J., and Ricketts T.H. Pollination and other ecosystem services produced by mobile organisms: a conceptual framework for the effects of land-use change. Ecol. Lett. 10 (2007) 299-314
30. Legere A., Stevenson F.C., and Benoit D.L. Diversity and assembly of weed communities: contrasting responses across cropping systems. Weed Res. 45 (2005) 303-315
31. Lewis T., and Sturgeon D.M. Early warning of egg hatching in pea moth (Cydia nigricana). Ann. Appl. Biol. 88 (1978) 199-210
32. Lutman P.J.W., Berry K., Payne R.W., Simpson E., Sweet J.B., Champion G.T., May M.J., Wightman P., Walker K., and Lainsbury M. Persistence of seeds from crops of conventional and herbicide tolerant oilseed rape (Brassica napus). Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. 272 (2005) 1909-1915
33. Magurran A.E. Measuring Biological Diversity (2004), Blackwell, Oxford
34. Marshall E.J.P. Distribution patterns of plants associated with arable field edges. J. Appl. Ecol. 26 (1989) 247-257
35. Marshall E.J.P., Brown V.K., Boatman N.D., Lutman P.J.W., Squire G.R., and Ward L.K. The role of weeds in supporting biological diversity within crop fields. Weed Res. 43 (2003) 77-89
36. Marshall E.J.R., and Moonen A.C. Field margins in northern Europe: their functions and interactions with agriculture. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 89 (2002) 5-21
37. May M.J. Patterns of species diversity. In: Cody M.L., and Diamond J.M. (Eds). Ecology and Evolution of Communities (1975), Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts 81-120
38. Moorcroft D., Whittingham M.J., Bradbury R.B., and Wilson J.D. The selection of stubble fields by wintering granivorous birds reflects vegetation cover and food abundance. J. Appl. Ecol. 39 (2002) 535-547
39. Morris A.J., Holland J.M., Smith B., and Jones N.E. Sustainable Arable Farming For an Improved Environment (SAFFIE): managing winter wheat sward structure for Skylarks Alauda arvensis. Ibis 146 (2005) 155-162
40. Moss S.R., Storkey J., Cussans J.W., Perryman S.A.M., and Hewitt M.V. The Broadbalk long-term experiment at Rothamsted: what has it told us about weeds?. Weed Sci. 52 (2004) 864-873
41. Perry J.N., Rothery P., Clark S.J., Heard M.S., and Hawes C. Design, analysis and statistical power of the Farm-Scale Evaluations of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant crops. J. Appl. Ecol. 40 (2003) 17-31
42. Poppy, G.M., 2003. The use of ecological endpoints and other tools from ecological risk assessment to create a more conceptual framework for assessing the environmental risk of GM plants. Proceedings of the BCPC International Congress Crop Science & Technology, Glasgow, UK. Vol. 2, 1159-1166.
43. Preston C.D., Pearman D.A., and Dines T.D. New Atlas of the British and Irish Flora (2002), Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK
44. Qi A., Perry J.N., Pidgeon J.D., Haylock L.A., and Brooks D.R. Cost-efficacy in measuring farmland biodiversity-lessons from the Farm Scale Evaluations of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant crops. Ann. Appl. Biol. 152 (2008) 93-101
45. Rew L.J., and Cousens R.D. Spatial distribution of weeds in arable crops: are current sampling and analytical methods appropriate?. Weed Res. 41 (2001) 1-18
46. Roy D.B., Bohan D.A., Haughton A.J., Hill M.O., Osborne J.L., Clark S.J., Perry J.N., Rothery P., Scott R.J., Brooks D.R., Champion G.T., Hawes C., Heard M.S., and Firbank L.G. Invertebrates and vegetation of field margins adjacent to crops subject to contrasting herbicide regimes in the Farm Scale Evaluations of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant crops. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B-Biol. Sci. 358 (2003) 1879-1898
47. Silvertown J., Poulton P., Johnston E., Edwards G., Heard M., and Biss P.M. The Park Grass Experiment 1856-2006: Its contribution to ecology. J. Ecol. 94 (2006) 801-814
48. Siriwardena G.M., Baillie S.R., Buckland S.T., Fewster R.M., Marchant J.H., and Wilson J.D. Trends in the abundance of farmland birds: a quantitative comparison of smoothed Common Birds Census indices. J. Appl. Ecol. 35 (1998) 24-43
49. Smith G.L., Freckleton R.P., Firbank L.G., and Watkinson A.R. The population dynamics of Anisantha sterilis in winter wheat: comparative demography and the role of management. J. Appl. Ecol. 36 (1999) 455-471
50. Southwood T.R.E., and Henderson P.A. Ecological Methods (2000), Blackwell Science, Oxford, UK
51. Squire G.R., Brooks D.R., Bohan D.A., Champion G.T., Daniels R.E., Haughton A.J., Hawes C., Heard M.S., Hill M.O., May M.J., Osborne J.L., Perry J.N., Roy D.B., Woiwod I.P., and Firbank L.G. On the rationale and interpretation of the Farm Scale Evaluations of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant crops. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B-Biol. Sci. 358 (2003) 1779-1799
52. Squire G.R., Rodger S., and Wright G. Community-scale seedbank response to less intense rotation and reduced herbicide input at three sites. Ann. Appl. Biol. 136 (2000) 47-57
53. Storkey J. A functional group approach to the management of UK arable weeds to support biological diversity. Weed Res. 46 (2006) 513-522
54. Storkey J., and Westbury D.B. Managing arable weeds for biodiversity. Pest Manag. Sci. 63 (2007) 517-523
55. Sutcliffe O.L., and Kay Q.O.N. Changes in the arable flora of central southern England since the 1960s. Biol. Conserv. 93 (2000) 1-8
56. Taylor L.R., Kempton R.A., and Woiwood I.P. Diversity statistics and the log-series model. J. Anim. Ecol. 45 (1976) 255-272
57. Walker K.J., Critchley C.N.R., Sherwood A.J., Large R., Nuttall P., Hulmes S., Rose R., and Mountford J.O. The conservation of arable plants on cereal field margins: an assessment of new agri-environment scheme options in England, UK. Biol. Conserv. 136 (2007) 260-270
58. Watkinson A.R., Freckleton R.P., Robinson R.A., and Sutherland W.J. Predictions of biodiversity response to genetically modified herbicide-tolerant crops. Science 289 (2000) 1554-1557
59. Whittingham M.J., Devereux C.L., Evans A.D., and Bradbury R.B. Altering perceived predation risk and food availability: management prescriptions to benefit farmland birds on stubble fields. J. Appl. Ecol. 43 (2006) 640-650
60. Wilson J.D., Morris A.J., Arroyo B.E., Clark S.C., and Bradbury R.B. A review of the abundance and diversity of invertebrate and plant foods of granivorous birds in northern Europe in relation to agricultural change. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 75 (1999) 13-30
61. Wilson P.J., and Aebischer N.J. The Distribution of dicotyledonous arable weeds in relation to distance from the field edge. J. Appl. Ecol. 32 (1995) 295-310