Adrenal incidentalomas: Diagnostic evaluation and long-term follow-up

Endocrine Practice

Volumn 14, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 269-278

  Vilar, Lucio ^a   Freitas, Maria Da Conceição ^b   Canadas, Viviane ^a   Albuquerque, José Luciano ^a   Botelho, Carlos A ^a   Egito, Célia S ^a   Arruda, Maria Juliana ^a   Silva, Lidiane Moura E ^a   Coelho, Carlos E ^c   Casulari, Luiz Augusto ^d   Naves, Luciana A ^d  

^a FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF PERNAMBUCO   (Brazil)

^b Pernambuco's Diabetes and Endocrinology Center   (Brazil)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI MILLER SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^d HOSPITAL UNIVERSITÁRIO DE BRASÍLIA   (Brazil)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HYDROCORTISONE;

ADRENAL INCIDENTALOMA; ADRENALECTOMY; ADULT; AGED; ALDOSTERONOMA; ARTICLE; ASPIRATION BIOPSY; CARCINOMA; CLINICAL FEATURE; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEXAMETHASONE SUPPRESSION TEST; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; HYDROCORTISONE RELEASE; HYPOALDOSTERONISM; LABORATORY TEST; LONG TERM CARE; LYMPHOMA; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEDICAL RECORD; METASTASIS; MYELOLIPOMA; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; TUBERCULOSIS; TUMOR VOLUME; ADENOMA; ADRENAL CORTEX ADENOMA; ADRENAL CORTEX TUMOR; ADRENAL TUMOR; BLOOD; BRAZIL; INCIDENTAL FINDING; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; MIDDLE AGED; PROGNOSIS; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY;

ADENOMA; ADRENAL CORTEX NEOPLASMS; ADRENAL GLAND NEOPLASMS; ADRENOCORTICAL ADENOMA; ADULT; BRAZIL; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HUMANS; HYDROCORTISONE; INCIDENTAL FINDINGS; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PROGNOSIS; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES;

EID: 48949095509     PISSN: 1530891X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4158/EP.14.3.269     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Vilar L. Management of adrenal incidentalomas. In: Vilar L, Kater CE, Naves LA, et al, eds. Clinical Endocrinology. 3rd ed. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Medsi-Guanabara Koogan, 2006: 349-362.
2. Young WF Jr. Clinical practice: the incidentally discovered adrenal mass. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:601-610.
3. Mansmann G, Lau J, Balk E, Rothberg M, Miyachi Y, Bornstein SR. The clinically inapparent adrenal mass: update in diagnosis and management. Endocr Rev. 2004; 25:309-340.
4. Geelhoed GW, Spiegel CT. "Incidental" adrenal cyst: a correctable lesion possibly associated with hypertension. South Med J. 1981;74:626-630.
5. Geelhoed GW, Druy EM. Management of the adrenal "incidentaloma." Surgery. 1982;92:866-874.
6. Prinz RA, Brooks MH, Churchill R, et al. Incidental asymptomatic adrenal masses detected by computed tomographic scanning: is operation required? JAMA. 1982;248: 701-704.
7. Kloos RT, Gross MD, Francis IR, Korobkin M, Shapiro B. Incidentally discovered adrenal masses. Endocr Rev. 1995;16:460-484.
8. Grumbach MM, Biller BM, Braunstein GD, et al. Management of clinically inapparent adrenal mass ("incidentaloma"). Ann Intern Med. 2003;138:424-429.
9. Abecassis M, McLoughlin MJ, Langer B, Kudlow JE. Serendipitous adrenal masses: prevalence, significance, and management. Am J Surg. 1985;149:783-788.
10. Nawar R, Aron D. Adrenal incidentalomas - a continuing management dilemma. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2005;12: 585-598.
11. Masumori N, Adachi H, Noda Y, Tsukamoto T. Detection of adrenal and retroperitoneal masses in a general health examination system. Urology. 1998;52:572-576.
12. Kluglich M, Duelli R, Zoller WG, Middeke M. Ultrasound of incidental tumors of the adrenal gland and endocrine hypertension [article in German]. Bildgebung. 1993;60:144-146.
13. Belldegrun A, Hussain S, Seltzer SE, Loughlin KR, Gittes RF, Richie JP. Incidentally discovered mass of the adrenal gland. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1986;163:203-208.
14. Caplan RH, Strutt PJ, Wickus GG. Subclinical hormone secretion by incidentally discovered adrenal masses. Arch Surg. 1994;129:291-296.
15. Glazer HS, Weyman PJ, Sagel SS, Levitt RG, McClennan BL. Nonfunctioning adrenal masses: incidental discovery on computed tomography. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1982;139:81-85.
16. Bovio S, Cataldi A, Reimondo G, et al. Prevalence of adrenal incidentaloma in a contemporary computerized tomography series. J Endocrinol Invest. 2006;29:298-302.
17. Heinz-Peer G, Memarsadeghi M, Niederle B. Imaging of adrenal masses. Curr Opin Urol. 2007;17:32-38.
18. Ferreira EV, Czepielewski MA, Faccin CS, Accordi MC, Furtado AP. Prevalence of adrenal incidentaloma at computed tomography (chest and abdominal) in a general hospital in Brazil [article in Portuguese]. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol. 2005;49:769-775.
19. Mantero F, Terzolo M, Arnaldi G, et al (Study Group on Adrenal Tumors of the Italian Society of Endocrinology). A survey on adrenal incidentaloma in Italy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000;85:637-644.
20. Brunt LM, Moley JF. Adrenal incidentaloma. World J Surg. 2001;25:905-913.
21. Cook DM, Loriaux DL. The incidental adrenal mass. Am J Med. 1996;101:88-94.
22. Wood PJ, Barth JH, Freedman DB, Perry L, Sheridan B. Evidence for the low dose dexamethasone suppression test to screen for Cushing's syndrome - recommendations for a protocol for biochemistry laboratories. Ann Clin Biochem. 1997;34(pt 3):222-229.
23. Bruno OD, Rossi MA, Contreras LN, et al. Nocturnal high-dose dexamethasone suppression test in the aetiological diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1985;109:158-162.
24. Rossi R, Tauchmanova L, Luciano A, et al. Subclinical Cushing's syndrome in patients with adrenal incidentalomas: clinical and biochemical features. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000;85:1440-1448.
25. Reincke M. Subclinical Cushing's syndrome. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2000;29:43-56.
26. Sippel RS, Chen H. Subclinical Cushing's syndrome in adrenal incidentalomas. Surg Clin North Am. 2004;84:875-885.
27. Tauchmanovà L, Rossi R, Biondi B, et al. Patients with subclinical Cushing's syndrome due to adrenal adenoma have increased cardiovascular risk. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;87:4872-4878.
28. Vilar L, Machado RJC. Pheochromocytoma - diagnosis and treatment. In: Vilar L, Kater CE, Naves LA, et al, eds. Clinical Endocrinology. 3rd ed. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Medsi-Guanabara Koogan, 2006: 380-396.
29. Bravo EL, Tagle R. Pheochromocytoma: state-of-the-art and future prospects. Endocr Rev. 2003;24:539-553.
30. Sutton MG, Sheps SG, Lie TJ. Prevalence of clinically unsuspected pheochromocytoma: review of a 50-year autopsy series. Mayo Clin Proc. 1981;56:354-360.
31. Young WF Jr. Management approaches to adrenal incidentalomas: a view from Rochester, Minnesota. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2000;29:159-185, x.
32. Kenney PJ, Wagner BJ, Rao P, Heffess CS. Myelolipoma: CT and pathologic features. Radiology. 1998;208:87-95.
33. Wagnerová H, Lazúrová I, Bober J, Sokol L, Zachar M. Adrenal myelolipoma: 6 cases and a review of the literature. Neoplasma. 2004;51:300-305.
34. Akamatsu H, Koseki M, Nakaba H, et al. Giant adrenal myelolipoma: report of a case. Surg Today. 2004;34:283-285.
35. Vaughan ED Jr. Diseases of the adrenal gland. Med Clin North Am. 2004;88:443-466.
36. Caoili EM, Korobkin M, Francis IR, Cohan RH, Dunnick NR. Delayed enhanced CT of lipid-poor adrenal adenomas. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2000;175:1411-1415.
37. Szolar DH, Kammerhuber F. Quantitative CT evaluation of adrenal gland masses: a step forward in the differentiation between adenomas and nonadenomas? Radiology. 1997;202:517-521.
38. van Erkel AR, van Gils AP, Lequin M, Kruitwagen C, Bloem JL, Falke TH. CT and MR distinction of adenomas and nonadenomas of the adrenal gland. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1994;18:432-438.
39. Brunaud L, Kebebew E, Sebag F, Zarnegar R, Clark OH, Duh QY. Observation or laparoscopic adrenalectomy for adrenal incidentaloma? A surgical decision analysis. Med Sci Monit. 2006;12:CR355-CR362.
40. Barzon L, Sonino N, Fallo F, Palu G, Boscaro M. Prevalence and natural history of adrenal incidentalomas. Eur J Endocrinol. 2003;149:273-285.
41. Barzon L, Scaroni C, Sonino N, Fallo F, Paoletta A, Boscaro M. Risk factors and long-term follow-up of adrenal incidentalomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999; 84:520-526.
42. Ross NS. Epidemiology of Cushing's syndrome and subclinical disease. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 1994;23:539-546.
43. Libè R, Dall'Asta C, Barbetta L, Baccarelli A, Beck-Peccoz P, Ambrosi B. Long-term follow-up study of patients with adrenal incidentalomas. Eur J Endocrinol. 2002;147:489-494.
44. Barzon L, Fallo F, Sonino N, Boscaro M. Development of overt Cushing's syndrome in patients with adrenal incidentaloma. Eur J Endocrinol. 2002;146:61-66.