Active fault and paleoseismic investigation: Evidence of a historic earthquake along Chandigarh fault in the frontal Himalayan zone, NW India

Himalayan Geology

Volumn 29, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 109-117

  Malik, J N ^a   Nakata, T ^b   Philip, G ^c   Suresh, N ^c   Virdi, N S ^c  

^a INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY KANPUR   (India)

^b HIROSHIMA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (Japan)

^c WADIA INSTITUTE OF HIMALAYAN GEOLOGY   (India)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 48549097552     PISSN: 09718966     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (90)

1. Ambraseys, N., Jackson, D. 2003. A note on early earthquakes in northern India and southern Tibet. Current Science, 84(4), 570-582.
2. Ambraseys, N., Bilham, R. 2000. A note on the Kangra Ms=7.8 earthquake of 4 April 1905. Current Science., 79(1), 45-50.
3. Ambraseys, N.N, Douglas, J. 2004. Magnitude calibration of north Indian earthquakes. Geophysical Journal International, 158, 1-42.
4. Bilham, R., Gaur, V.K., Molnar, P. 2001. Himalayan Seismic Hazard. Science, 293, 1442-4.
5. Bishop, M.P., Shroder, J.F., Colby, Jr., J.D. 2003. Remote sensing and geomorphometry for studying relief production in high mountains. Geomorphology, 55, 345-361
6. Dashora, A., Lohani, B., Malik, J.N. 2007. A repository of earth resource information - CORONA satellite programme. Current Science, 92(7), 926-932.
7. Gansser, A. 1964. The Geology of the Himalaya. New York, Wiley Interscience, 189p.
8. Ganas, A., Papadopoulose, G., Pavlides, S.B. 2001. The September 1999 Athens 5.9 Ms earthquake. Remote sensing and digital elevation model inputs towards identifying the seismic fault. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 22(1), 191-196.
9. Ganas, A., Pavildes, S., Karastathis, V. 2005. DEM based morphometry of range front escarpments in Attica, Central Greece, and its relation to fault slip rates. Geomorphology, 65(3-4), 301-319.
10. Gupta, R.P. 2005. Remote Sensing Geology. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 655p.
11. Iyengar, R.N., Sharma, D. 1999. Some earthquakes of the Himalayan region from historical sources. Himalayan Geology, 20(1), 81-85.
12. Jordan G., Meijninger, B.M.L., van Hinsbergen, D.J.J., Meulenkamp, J.E., van Dijk, P.M. 2005. Extraction of morphotectonic features from DEMs: Development and applications for study areas in Hungary and NW Greece. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 7, 163-182.
13. Kaya, S., Muftuoglu, O., Tuysuz, O. 2004. Tracing the geometry of an active fault using remote sensing and digital elevation model: Ganos segment, North Anatolian Fault zone, Turkey. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 25(19), 3843-3855.
14. Keller, E.A., Pinter, N. 1996. Active tectonics: Earthquakes, uplifts and landforms. Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 338p
15. Krishnamurthy J., Srinivas, G. 1996. Demarcation of the geological and geomorphological features of parts of Dharwar Craton, Karnataka, using IRS LISS-II data. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 17, 3271-3288.
16. Kumar, S., Wesnousky, W.G., Rockwell, T.K., Ragona, D., Thakur V.C., Seitz G.G. 2001. Earthquake Recurrence and Rupture Dynamics of Himalayan Frontal Thrust, India. Science, 294, 2328-2331.
17. Lave, J., Avouac, J.P. 2000. Active folding of fluvial terraces across the Siwaliks Hills, Himalayas of central Nepal. Journal of Geophysical Research, 105(B3), 5735-5770.
18. Lorenz, H. 2004. Integration of Corona and Landsat Thematic Mapper data for bedrock geological studies in the high Arctic. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 20, 5143-5162.
19. Lyon-Caen, H., Molnar, P. 1983. Constraints on the structure of the Himalaya from the analysis of gravity anomalies and a flexural model of the lithosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research., 88, 8171-8191.
20. Malik, J.N., Nakata, T. 2003. Active faults and related Late Quaternary deformation along the northwestern Himalayan Frontal Zone, India. Annals of Geophysics, 46(5), 917-936.
21. Malik, J.N., Nakata, T., Philip, G., Virdi, N.S. 2003. Preliminary observations from trench near Chandigarh, NW Himalaya and their bearing on active faulting. Current Science, 85(12), 1793-1799.
22. Malik, J.N., Mohanty, C. 2007. Active tectonic influence on the evolution of drainage and landscape: Geomorphic signatures from frontal and hinterland areas along Northwestern Himalaya, India. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 29(5&6), 604-618.
23. McCalpin, J.P. 1996. Paleoseismology. Academic Press, New York, 588 p.
24. Nakata, T. 1972. Geomorphic history and crustal movements of foothills of the Himalaya. Sendai, Institute of Geography, Tohuku, Univ., 77p.
25. Nakata, T. 1975. On Quaternary tectonics around Himalayas. Science Report, Tohuku, Univ., 7th Ser. (Geogr.), 22, 111-118.
26. Nakata, T. 1982. A photogrametric study on active faults in the Nepal Himalayas. Journal of Nepal Geological Society, 2, 67-80.
27. Nakata, T. 1989. Active faults of the Himalaya of India and Nepal. Geological Society of America, Special Paper, 232, 243-264.
28. Nakata, T., Otsuki, K., Khan S.H. 1990. Active faults, stress field, and plate motion along the Indo-Eurasian plate boundary. Tectonophysics, 181, 83-95.
29. Novak, I.D., Soulakellis, N. 2000. Identifying geomorphic features using LANDSAT-5rTM data processing techniques on Lesvos, Greece. Geomorphology, 34, 101-109.
30. Oatney, E.M., Virdi, N.S., Yeats, R.S. 2001. Contribution of Trans-Yamuna Active Fault System towards Hanging wall strain release above the décollement, Himalayan Foothills of Northwest India. Himalayan Geolology, 22(2), 9-27.
31. Philip, G, Sah, M.P. 1999. Geomorphic signatures for active tectonics in the Trans-Yamuna segment of the western Doon valley, NW Himalaya. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 1(1), 54-63.
32. Philip, G., Virdi, N.S. 2006. Co-existing Compressional and Extensional Regimes Along the Himalayan Front vis-à-vis Active Faults Near Singhauli, Haryana, India. Current Science, 90 (9), 1267-1271
33. Philip, G., Virdi, N.S. 2007. Active Faults and Neotectonic Activity in the Pinjaur Dun, Northwestern Frontal Himalaya, India, Current Science, 92(4), 532-542.
34. Powers, P.M., Lillie, R.J., Yeats R.S. 1998. Structure and shortening of the Kangra and Debra Dun reentrants, Sub-Himalaya, India. Geological Society of America, Bulletin, 110, 1010-1027.
35. Seeber, L., Armbruster, J.G. 1981. Great detachment earthquakes along the Himalayan arc and long-term forecasting: In: Simpson, D.W. & Richards, P.G. (eds), Earthquake Prediction-An International Review, AGU., 259-279.
36. Tapponnier, P., Ryersonb, F.J., Van der Woerd, J., Mériaux, A.S., Cécile, L. 2001. Long-term slip rates and characteristic slip: keys to active fault behaviour and earthquake hazard: Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tectonique / Tectonics, C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Sciences, de la Terre et des planètes, 333, 483-494.
37. Valdiya, K.S. 1984. Aspects of Tectonics, Focus on south-central Asia. Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd., New Delhi, 319p.
38. Valdiya, K.S. 1992. The Main Boundary Thrust Zone of Himalaya, India. Ann. Tectonicae, 6, 54-84.
39. Valdiya, K.S. 2001. Reactivation of terrane-defining boundary thrusts in central sector of the Himalaya: Implications. Current Science, 81(11), 1418-1431.
40. Walker, R.T. 2007. A remote sensing study of active folding and faulting in southern Kerman province, S.E. Iran. Journal of Structure Geology, 28, 654-668.
41. Wesnousky, S.G., Kumar, S., Mohindra, R., Thakur, V.C. 1999. Uplift and Convergence along the Himalayan Frontal Thrust. Tectonics, 18(6), 967-976.
42. Yeats, R.S., Lillie, R.J., 1991. Contemporary tectonics of the Himalayan Frontal Fault System: folds, blind thrusts and the 1905 Kangra earthquake. Journal of Structure Geology, 13, 215-225.
43. Yeats, R.S., Nakata, T., Farah, A,, Fort, M., Mirza, M.A., Pandey, M.R., Stein, R.S. 1992. The Himalayan frontal fault system. Ann. Tectonicae, 6 (suppl.), 85-98.
44. Yeats, R.S., Sieh, K., Allen, C.R., 1997. Geology of Earthquakes. Oxford Univ. Press, 568p.
45. Yeats, R.S., Thakur, V.C., 1998. Reassessment of earthquake hazard based on a fault-bend fold model of the Himalayan plate-boundary fault. Current Science, 74, 230-233.
46. Ambraseys, N., Jackson, D. 2003. A note on early earthquakes in northern India and southern Tibet. Current Science, 84(4), 570-582.
47. Ambraseys, N., Bilham, R. 2000. A note on the Kangra Ms=7.8 earthquake of 4 April 1905. Current Science., 79(1), 45-50.
48. Ambraseys, N.N, Douglas, J. 2004. Magnitude calibration of north Indian earthquakes. Geophysical Journal International, 158, 1-42.
49. Bilham, R., Gaur, V.K., Molnar, P. 2001. Himalayan Seismic Hazard. Science, 293, 1442-4.
50. Bishop, M.P., Shroder, J.F., Colby, Jr., J.D. 2003. Remote sensing and geomorphometry for studying relief production in high mountains. Geomorphology, 55, 345-361
51. Dashora, A., Lohani, B., Malik, J.N. 2007. A repository of earth resource information - CORONA satellite programme. Current Science, 92(7), 926-932.
52. Gansser, A. 1964. The Geology of the Himalaya. New York, Wiley Interscience, 189p.
53. Ganas, A., Papadopoulose, G., Pavlides, S.B. 2001. The September 1999 Athens 5.9 Ms earthquake. Remote sensing and digital elevation model inputs towards identifying the seismic fault. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 22(1), 191-196.
54. Ganas, A., Pavildes, S., Karastathis, V. 2005. DEM based morphometry of range front escarpments in Attica, Central Greece, and its relation to fault slip rates. Geomorphology, 65(3-4), 301-319.
55. Gupta, R.P. 2005. Remote Sensing Geology. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 655p.
56. Iyengar, R.N., Sharma, D. 1999. Some earthquakes of the Himalayan region from historical sources. Himalayan Geology, 20(1), 81-85.
57. Jordan G., Meijninger, B.M.L., van Hinsbergen, D.J.J., Meulenkamp, J.E., van Dijk, P.M. 2005. Extraction of morphotectonic features from DEMs: Development and applications for study areas in Hungary and NW Greece. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 7, 163-182.
58. Kaya, S., Muftuoglu, O., Tuysuz, O. 2004. Tracing the geometry of an active fault using remote sensing and digital elevation model: Ganos segment, North Anatolian Fault zone, Turkey. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 25(19), 3843-3855.
59. Keller, E.A., Pinter, N. 1996. Active tectonics: Earthquakes, uplifts and landforms. Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 338p
60. Krishnamurthy J., Srinivas, G. 1996. Demarcation of the geological and geomorphological features of parts of Dharwar Craton, Karnataka, using IRS LISS-II data. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 17, 3271-3288.
61. Kumar, S., Wesnousky, W.G., Rockwell, T.K., Ragona, D., Thakur V.C., Seitz G.G. 2001. Earthquake Recurrence and Rupture Dynamics of Himalayan Frontal Thrust, India. Science, 294, 2328-2331.
62. Lave, J., Avouac, J.P. 2000. Active folding of fluvial terraces across the Siwaliks Hills, Himalayas of central Nepal. Journal of Geophysical Research, 105(B3), 5735-5770.
63. Lorenz, H. 2004. Integration of Corona and Landsat Thematic Mapper data for bedrock geological studies in the high Arctic. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 20, 5143-5162.
64. Lyon-Caen, H., Molnar, P. 1983. Constraints on the structure of the Himalaya from the analysis of gravity anomalies and a flexural model of the lithosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research., 88, 8171-8191.
65. Malik, J.N., Nakata, T. 2003. Active faults and related Late Quaternary deformation along the northwestern Himalayan Frontal Zone, India. Annals of Geophysics, 46(5), 917-936.
66. Malik, J.N., Nakata, T., Philip, G., Virdi, N.S. 2003. Preliminary observations from trench near Chandigarh, NW Himalaya and their bearing on active faulting. Current Science, 85(12), 1793-1799.
67. Malik, J.N., Mohanty, C. 2007. Active tectonic influence on the evolution of drainage and landscape: Geomorphic signatures from frontal and hinterland areas along Northwestern Himalaya, India. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 29(5&6), 604-618.
68. McCalpin, J.P. 1996. Paleoseismology. Academic Press, New York, 588 p.
69. Nakata, T. 1972. Geomorphic history and crustal movements of foothills of the Himalaya. Sendai, Institute of Geography, Tohuku, Univ., 77p.
70. Nakata, T. 1975. On Quaternary tectonics around Himalayas. Science Report, Tohuku, Univ., 7th Ser. (Geogr.), 22, 111-118.
71. Nakata, T. 1982. A photogrametric study on active faults in the Nepal Himalayas. Journal of Nepal Geological Society, 2, 67-80.
72. Nakata, T. 1989. Active faults of the Himalaya of India and Nepal. Geological Society of America, Special Paper, 232, 243-264.
73. Nakata, T., Otsuki, K., Khan S.H. 1990. Active faults, stress field, and plate motion along the Indo-Eurasian plate boundary. Tectonophysics, 181, 83-95.
74. Novak, I.D., Soulakellis, N. 2000. Identifying geomorphic features using LANDSAT-5rTM data processing techniques on Lesvos, Greece. Geomorphology, 34, 101-109.
75. Oatney, E.M., Virdi, N.S., Yeats, R.S. 2001. Contribution of Trans-Yamuna Active Fault System towards Hanging wall strain release above the décollement, Himalayan Foothills of Northwest India. Himalayan Geolology, 22(2), 9-27.
76. Philip, G, Sah, M.P. 1999. Geomorphic signatures for active tectonics in the Trans-Yamuna segment of the western Doon valley, NW Himalaya. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 1(1), 54-63.
77. Philip, G., Virdi, N.S. 2006. Co-existing Compressional and Extensional Regimes Along the Himalayan Front vis-à-vis Active Faults Near Singhauli, Haryana, India. Current Science, 90 (9), 1267-1271
78. Philip, G., Virdi, N.S. 2007. Active Faults and Neotectonic Activity in the Pinjaur Dun, Northwestern Frontal Himalaya, India, Current Science, 92(4), 532-542.
79. Powers, P.M., Lillie, R.J., Yeats R.S. 1998. Structure and shortening of the Kangra and Debra Dun reentrants, Sub-Himalaya, India. Geological Society of America, Bulletin, 110, 1010-1027.
80. Seeber, L., Armbruster, J.G. 1981. Great detachment earthquakes along the Himalayan arc and long-term forecasting: In: Simpson, D.W. & Richards, P.G. (eds), Earthquake Prediction-An International Review, AGU., 259-279.
81. Tapponnier, P., Ryersonb, F.J., Van der Woerd, J., Mériaux, A.S., Cécile, L. 2001. Long-term slip rates and characteristic slip: keys to active fault behaviour and earthquake hazard: Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tectonique / Tectonics, C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Sciences, de la Terre et des planètes, 333, 483-494.
82. Valdiya, K.S. 1984. Aspects of Tectonics, Focus on south-central Asia. Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd., New Delhi, 319p.
83. Valdiya, K.S. 1992. The Main Boundary Thrust Zone of Himalaya, India. Ann. Tectonicae, 6, 54-84.
84. Valdiya, K.S. 2001. Reactivation of terrane-defining boundary thrusts in central sector of the Himalaya: Implications. Current Science, 81(11), 1418-1431.
85. Walker, R.T. 2007. A remote sensing study of active folding and faulting in southern Kerman province, S.E. Iran. Journal of Structure Geology, 28, 654-668.
86. Wesnousky, S.G., Kumar, S., Mohindra, R., Thakur, V.C. 1999. Uplift and Convergence along the Himalayan Frontal Thrust. Tectonics, 18(6), 967-976.
87. Yeats, R.S., Lillie, R.J., 1991. Contemporary tectonics of the Himalayan Frontal Fault System: folds, blind thrusts and the 1905 Kangra earthquake. Journal of Structure Geology, 13, 215-225.
88. Yeats, R.S., Nakata, T., Farah, A,, Fort, M., Mirza, M.A., Pandey, M.R., Stein, R.S. 1992. The Himalayan frontal fault system. Ann. Tectonicae, 6 (suppl.), 85-98.
89. Yeats, R.S., Sieh, K., Allen, C.R., 1997. Geology of Earthquakes. Oxford Univ. Press, 568p.
90. Yeats, R.S., Thakur, V.C., 1998. Reassessment of earthquake hazard based on a fault-bend fold model of the Himalayan plate-boundary fault. Current Science, 74, 230-233.