Surface and deep learning processes in distance education: Synchronous versus asynchronous systems

Computers and Education

Volumn 51, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 1172-1183

  Offir, Baruch ^a   Lev, Yossi ^a   Bezalel, Rachel ^a  

^a BAR ILAN UNIVERSITY   (Israel)

Author keywords

Asynchronous system; Cognitive interaction; Deep processing; Distance education; Interactions; Surface processing; Synchronous system

Indexed keywords

DISTANCE EDUCATION; EDUCATION COMPUTING; FLOW INTERACTIONS; LEARNING SYSTEMS; SCHOOL BUILDINGS; STUDENTS; TEACHING;

ASYNCHRONOUS LEARNING; ASYNCHRONOUS SYSTEM; ASYNCHRONOUS SYSTEMS; COGNITIVE INTERACTION; DEEP LEARNING; DEEP PROCESSING; DIFFERENT EFFECTS; DISTANCE LEARNING; DISTANCE LEARNING SYSTEMS; INTERACTIONS; LEARNING PROCESSES; MAIN FACTORS; QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH; SIGNIFICANT FACTOR; STUDENT INTERACTIONS; SURFACE PROCESSING; SYNCHRONOUS SYSTEM; TEACHER-STUDENT INTERACTION; TEACHING METHODS;

EDUCATION;

EID: 48549093454     PISSN: 03601315     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.compedu.2007.10.009     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Bloom B.S. Human characteristics and school learning (1976), McGraw Hill, New York (Chapter 7)
2. Bloom B.S., Engelhart M.D., Hill W.H., and Krathwohl D.R. Taxonomy of educational objectives 1: The cognitive domain (1956), David McKay, New York
3. Candy P.C. Self-direction for lifelong learning (1991), Tossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA
4. Cookson P.S., and Chang Y. The multidimensional audioconferencing classification system. American Journal of Distance Education 9 3 (1995) 18-35
5. Dantonio M. Personal correspondences from Marylou Dantonio, 18 August 1989. In Developing Thinking Skills through Questioning. Phi Delta Kappa 71 4 (1989) 324-327
6. Dillon L.T. The remedial status of student questioning. Journal of Curriculum Studies 20 3 (1988) 197-210
7. Entwistle N., and Waterson S. Approaches to studying and levels of processing in university students. Journal of Educational Psychology 58 (1988) 258-265
8. Gall M. The use of questions in teaching. Review of Educational Research 40 (1970) 707-721
9. Gallagher J.J., and Aschner M.J. A preliminary report on analysis of classroom interaction. The Merrill-Palmer Quarterly of Behavior and Development 9 3 (1963) 183-194
10. Glanz Y. The Personality Test (1969), Bar-Ilan University School of Education, Ramat-Gan (Hebrew)
11. Glanz Y. Reason processes in the psychological test (1975), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan (Hebrew)
12. Glanz Y. Public schools - A system for comprehensive testing (1989), Barak Computerized Information Systems, Modiin (Hebrew)
13. Henri F. Computer conference and content analysis. In: Kaye A. (Ed). Collaborative learning through computer conferencing (1992), Springer Verlag, Berlin 117-136
14. Hunkins F.P. Effects of analysis and evaluation questions on various levels of achievements. Journal of Experimental Education 2 (1969) 38-50
15. Jarolimek J. Social studies competencies and skills: Learning to teach as an interest (1977), Macmillan, New York
16. Kreber C. The relationships between self-directed learning, critical thinking, and psychological type, and some implications for teaching in higher education. Studies in Higher Education 23 (1988) 71-86
17. Linn M. Cognition and distance learning. Journal of the American Society for Information Science 11 (1996) 825-842
18. Liu M., and Reed W.M. The effect of hypermedia assisted instruction of second-language learning through a semantic network-based approach. Journal of Educational Computing Research 12 2 (1995) 159-175
19. Mathesion D.A. Computers from confusion to collaboration. Educational Leadership 40 1 (1982) 20-26
20. Moore M. Theory for transactional distance. In: Keegan D. (Ed). Theoretical principles of distance education (1993), Routledge, London, New York 22-38
21. Moore M., and Kearsley G. Distance education: A system view (1996), Wadsworth, New York
22. Offir B., Bezalel R., and Barth I. Introvert, extrovert and achievement in distance learning environment. The American Journal of Distance Education 21 1 (2007) 3-17
23. Offir B., and Lev Y. Constructing an aid for evaluation of teacher-learner interaction in distance learning. Educational Media International 37 2 (2000) 91-97
24. Offir B., and Lev Y. Content analysis as a tool for evaluating the effectiveness of distance learning systems. Society for Information Technology and Teacher Educational Conference Proceedings of SITE 2000 1-3 (2000)
25. Oliver, R., & McLaughlin, C. (1996). An investigation of the nature and forms of interaction in live interactive television, ERIC Document No. 396738.
26. Quellmalz E.S. Needed: Better methods for testing higher-order thinking skills. Educational Leadership 43 2 (1985) 29-35
27. Redfield D.L., and Waldman-Rousseau E.W. A meta-analysis of experimental research on teacher questioning behavior. Review of Educational Research 51 (1981) 237-245
28. Rosenshine B.V. How time is spent in elementary classrooms. In: Berman L., and Denham C. (Eds). Time to learn (1976), Academic Press, Washington, DC
29. Schemeck R.R. Learning style of college students. In: Dillon R., and Schemeck R.R. (Eds). Individual differences in cognition (1983), Academic Press, New York
30. Simonson M., Schlosser C., and Hanson D. Theory and distance education: A new discussion. The American Journal of Distance Education 13 1 (1999) 60-75
31. Straka G.A. Problems of measuring self-directed learning readiness. Proceedings of the Korean association of adult education convention (1995)
32. Strother D.B. Developing thinking skills through questioning. Phi Delta Kappa 71 4 (1989) 327-342
33. Suchman R. The elementary school training program: A project of the Illinois students in inquiry training. National Defense Education Act of 1958 (1962)
34. Taba H., Durkin M.C., Fraenkel J.R., and McNaughton A.H. A teacher's handbook to elementary social studies, an inductive approach, reading. 2nd ed. (1971), Addition Wesley, Massachusetts
35. Wong B. Self-questioning instructional research: A review. Review of Educational Research 55 2 (1985) 227-268
36. Yopp R.H. Questioning and active comprehension. Questioning Exchange 2 3 (1988) 231-238