Mortality associated with depression

Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology

Volumn 43, Issue 8, 2008, Pages 594-601

  Murphy, Jane M ^a,c   Burke, Jack D ^a,b   Monson, Richard R ^c   Horton, Nicholas J ^d   Laird, Nan M ^c   Lesage, Alain ^e,f   Sobol, Arthur M ^a   Leighton, Alexander H ^b  

^a MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b The Cambridge Health Alliance ^*

^c HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^d SMITH COLLEGE   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITÉ DE MONTRÉAL   (Canada)

^f CENTRE DE RECHERCHE FERNAND SEGUIN   (Canada)

Author keywords

Alcoholism; Cigarettes; Depression; Mortality; Time trends

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; AGED; ALCOHOL ABUSE; ALCOHOLISM; ARTICLE; CIGARETTE SMOKING; COMORBIDITY; CONFIDENCE INTERVAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEPRESSION; FEMALE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORTALITY; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODEL; RISK ASSESSMENT; SAMPLING; SELF REPORT; SEX DIFFERENCE; SURVIVOR; TREND STUDY;

ADULT; ALCOHOLISM; CANADA; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; SMOKING;

EID: 48449097154     PISSN: 09337954     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00127-008-0323-3     Document Type: Article

References (73)

1. Allison PD (1995) Chapter 5 Estimating Cox regression models with PROC PHREG: Time-dependent covariates. In: Survival analysis using the SAS system: A practical guide. Cary, NC
2. Amaddeo F, Bisoffi G, Bonizzato P, Micciolo R, Tansella M (1995) Mortality among patients with psychiatric illnesses: A ten-year case register study in an area with a community-based system of care. Br J Psychiatry 166:783-786
3. American Psychiatric Association (1980) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, (DSM-III), 3rd edn. American Psychiatric Association, Washington DC
4. American Psychiatric Association (1994) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. (DSM-IV), 4th edn. American Psychiatric Association, Washington DC
5. Anda RF, Williamson DF, Escobedo L, Mast EE, Giovino GA, Remington PL (1990) Depression and the dynamics of smoking: A national perspective. JAMA 264:1541-1545
6. Angst J, Dobler-Mikola A (1985) The Zurich Study: VI. a continuum from depression to anxiety disorders. Eur Arch Psychiatry Neurol Sci 235:179-186
7. Angst J, Gamma A, Gastpar M, Lépine JP, Mendlewitz J, Tylee A (2002) Gender differences in depression: Epidemiological findings from the European DEPRES I and II Studies. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 252:201-209
8. Barford A, Dorling D, Smith GD, Shaw M (2006) Life expectancy: Women now on top everywhere. (editorial). BMJ 332:808
9. Beck AT, Weissman A, Kovacs M (1976) Alcoholism, hopelessness and suicidal behavior. J Stud Alcohol 37:66-77
10. Black DW, Warrack G, Winokur G (1985) The Iowa record-linkage study: III. excess mortality among patients with 'functional disorders'. Arch Gen Psychiatry 42:82-88
11. Boyd JH, Burke JD, Gruenberg E, Holzer CE, Rae DS, George LK, Karno M, Stoltzman R, McEvoy L, Nestadt G (1984) Exclusion criteria of DSM-III: A study of co-occurrence of hierarchy-free syndromes. Arch Gen Psychiatry 41:983-989
12. Breslau N, Peterson EL, Schultz LR, Chilcoat HD, Andreski P (1998) Major depression and stages of smoking: A longitudinal investigation. Arch Gen Psychiatry 55:161-166
13. Bruce ML, Leaf PJ, Rozal GPM, Florio L, Hoff RA (1994) Psychiatric status and 9-year mortality data in the New Haven epidemiologic catchment area study. Am J Psychiatry 151:716-721
14. Brummett BH, Babyak MA, Siegler IC, Mark DB, Williams RB, Barefoot JC (2003) Effect of smoking and sedentary behavior on the association between depressive symptoms and mortality from coronary heart disease. Am J Cardiol 92(5):529-532
15. Cox DR (1972) Regression models and life tables. J R Stat Soc 34:187-220
16. Cuijpers P, Smit F (2002) Excess mortality in depression: A meta-analysis of community studies. J Affect Disord 72:227-236
17. Dierker LC, Avenevoli S, Stolar M, Merikangas KR (2002) Smoking and depression: An examination of mechanisms of comorbidity. Am J Psychiatry 159:947-953
18. Essen-Müller E (1956) Individual traits and morbidity in a Swedish rural population. Acta Psychiatr Neurol Scand 100(Suppl):1-160
19. Everson-Rose SA, House JS, Mero RP (2004) Depressive symptoms and mortality risk in a national sample: Confounding effects of health status. Psychosom Med 66:823-830
20. Glassman AH, Helzer JE, Covey LS, Cottler LB, Stetner F, Tipp JE, Johnson J (1990) Smoking, smoking cessation, and major depression. JAMA 264:1546-1549
21. Goldacre MJ, Duncan ME, Griffith M, Cook-Mozaffari P (2006) Pschiatric disorders certified on death certificates in an English population. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 41(5):409-414
22. Gunnell D, Rasul F, Stansfeld SA, Hart CL, Davey Smith G (2002) Gender differences in self-reported minor mental disorder and its association with suicide: A 20-year follow-up of the Renfrew and Paisley cohort. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 37(10):457-459
23. Hagnell O, Lanke J, Rorsman B (1986) Predictors of alcoholism in the Lundby Study, II personality traits as risk factors for alcoholism. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 235:192-196
24. Hagnell O, Lanke J, Rorsman B, Öjesjö L (1982) Are we entering an age of melancholy? Depressive illness in a prospective epidemiological study over 25 years: The Lundby Study, Sweden. Psychol Med 12:279-289
25. Hagnell O, Öjesjö L, Otterbeck L, Rorsman B (1994) Prevalence of mental disorders, personality traits and mental complaints in the Lundby Study: A point prevalence study of the 1957 Lundby cohort of 2,612 inhabitants of a geographically defined area who were re-examined in 1972 regardless of domicile. Scand J Soc Med Suppl 50:1-77
26. Hesselbrock VM, Hesselbrock MN, Workman-Daniels KL (1986) Effect of major depression and antisocial personality on alcoholism: Course and motivational patterns. J Stud Alcohol 47:207-212
27. Holdcraft LC, Iacono WG (2002) Cohort effects on gender differences in alcohol dependence. Addiction 97:1025-1036
28. Horton NJ, Laird NM, Murphy JM, Monson RR, Sobol AM, Leighton AH (2001) Multiple informants: Mortality associated with psychiatric disorders in the Stirling County Study. Am J Epidemiol 154:649-656
29. Howe GR, Lindsay J (1981) A generalized iterative record linkage computer system for use in medical follow-up studies. Comput Biomed Res 14:327-340
30. Hughes CC, Tremblay MA, Rapoport RN, Leighton AH (1960) People of cove and woodlot: The Stirling County Study. Basic Books, New York
31. Kessler RC, Crum RM, Warner LA, Nelson CB, Schulenberg J, Anthony JC (1997) Lifetime co-occurrence of DSM-III-R alcohol abuse and dependence with other psychiatric disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey. Arch Gen Psychiatry 54:313-321
32. Kessler RC, McGonagle KA, Zhao S, Nelson CB, Hughes M, Eshleman S, Wittchen HU, Kendler KS (1994) Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey. Arch Gen Psychiatry 51:8-19
33. Kielholz P (1973) Psychosomatic aspects of depressive illness: Masked depression and somatic equivalents. In: Kieholz P (ed) Masked depression: An international symposium. Hans Huber, Berne, pp 11-13
34. Kim TJ, Ensinck L, Schuurman AG, van den Akker M, Metsemakers JFM, Kester ADM, Knottnerus JA, Buntinx F (2002) Is there an increased risk of dying after depression? Am J Epidemiol 157:1043-1048
35. Kinnunen T, Haukkala A, Korhonen T, Quiles ZN, Spiro A 3rd, Garvey AJ (2006) Depression and smoking across 25 years of the normative aging study. Int J Psychiatry Med 36(4):413-426
36. Kouzis A, Eaton WW, Leaf PJ (1995) Psychopathology and mortality in the general population. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 30(4):165-170
37. Lalonde M (1974) A new perspective on the health of Canadians: A working document. Government of Canada, Ottawa
38. Langner TS, Michael ST (1963) life stress and mental health: The Midtown Manhattan Study. The Free Press of Glencoe, New York
39. Lee WE, Wadsworth ME, Hotopf M (2006) The protective role of trait anxiety: A longitudinal cohort study. Psychol Med 36(3):345-351
40. Leighton AH (1959) My name is legion: The Stirling County Study of psychiatric disorder and sociocultural environment. Basic Books, New York
41. Leighton DC, Harding JS, Macklin DB, Macmillan AM, Leighton AH (1963) The character of danger: The Stirling County Study. Basic Books, New York
42. Martin RL, Cloninger CR, Guze SB, Clayton PJ (1985) Mortality in a follow-up of 500 psychiatric outpatients: I. total mortality. Arch Gen Psychiatry 42:47-54
43. Maser JD, Cloninger CR (1990) Comorbidity of mood and anxiety disorders. American Psychiatric Press Inc, Washington DC
44. Merikangas KR, Angst J, Eaton W, Canino G, Rubio-Stipec M, Wacker H, Wittchen HU, Andrade L, Essau C, Whitaker A, Kraemer H, Robbins LN, Kupfer DJ (1996) Comorbidity and boundaries of affective disorders with anxiety disorders and substance misuse: Results of an international task force. Br J Psychiatry Suppl 30:58-67
45. Möller-Leimkühler AM (2002) Barriers to help-seeking by men: A review of sociocultural and clinical literature with particular reference to depression. J Affect Disord 71:1-9
46. Murphy JM (1980) Continuities in community-based psychiatric epidemiology. Arch Gen Psychiatry 37:1215-1223
47. Murphy JM (1990) Diagnostic comorbidity and symptom co-occurrence: The Stirling County Study. In: Maser JD, Cloninger CR (eds) Comorbidity of mood and anxiety disorders. American Psychiatric Press Inc, Washington DC pp 153-176
48. Murphy JM, Horton NJ, Laird NM, Monson RR, Sobol AM, Leighton AH (2004) Anxiety and depression: A 40-year perspective on relationships regarding prevalence, distribution, and comorbidity. Acta Psychiatr Scand 109:355-375
49. Murphy JM, Horton NJ, Monson RR, Laird NM, Sobol AM, Leighton AH (2003) Cigarette smoking in relation to depression: Historical trends from the Stirling County Study. Am J Psychiatry 160:1663-1669
50. Murphy JM, Monson RR, Laird NM, Sobol AM, Leighton AH (2000) A forty-year perspective on the prevalence of depression from the Stirling County Study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 57:209-215
51. Murphy JM, Monson RR, Olivier DC, Sobol AM, Leighton AH (1987) Affective disorders and mortality: A general population study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 44:473-480
52. Murphy JM, Monson RR, Olivier DC, Sobol AM, Pratt LA, Leighton AH (1989) Mortality risk and psychiatric disorders: Results of a general physician survey. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 24:134-142
53. Murphy JM, Neff RK, Sobol AM, Rice JX Jr, Olivier DC (1985) Computer diagnosis of depression and anxiety: The Stirling County Study. Psychol Med 15:99-112
54. Murphy JM, Olivier DC, Monson RR, Sobol AM, Federman EB, Leighton AH (1991) Depression and anxiety in relation to social status: A prospective epidemiologic study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 48:223-229
55. Murphy JM, Sobol AM, Neff RK, Olivier DC, Leighton AH (1984). Stability of prevalence: Depression and anxiety disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 41:990-997
56. Mykletun A, Bjerkeset O, Dewey M, Prince M, Overland S, Stewart R (2007) Anxiety, depression and cause-specific mortality: The HUNT study. Psychosom Med 69:323-331
57. Newcombe HB, Fair ME, Lalonde P (1992) The use of names for linking personal records. J Am Stat Assoc 87:1193-1206
58. Öjesjö L, Hagnell O, Otterbeck L (1998) Mortality in alcoholism among men in the Lundby Community Cohort, Sweden: A forty-year follow-up. J Stud Alcohol 59(2):140-145
59. Patten SB, Beck CA, Kassam A, Williams JVA, Barbui C, Metz LM (2005) Longterm medical conditions and major depression: Strength of association for specific conditions in the general population. Can J Psychiatry 50(4):195-202
60. Regier DA, Farmer ME, Rae DS, Locke BZ, Keith SJ, Judd LL, Goodwin FK (1990) Comorbidity of mental disorders with alcohol and other drug abuse: Results from the epidemiologic catchment area (ECA) study. JAMA 264:2511-2518
61. Rorsman B, Hagnell O, Lanke J (1982) Violent death and mental disorders in the Lundby Study; accidents and suicides in a total population during a 25 year period. Neuropsychobiology 8:233-40
62. Sartorius N, Üstün B, Lecrubier Y, Wittchen HU (1996) Depression comorbid with anxiety: Results from the WHO study on psychological disorders in primary health care. Comorbidity of mood disorders. Br J Psychiatry Suppl 30:38-43
63. Schuckit MA (1986) Genetic, clinical implications of alcoholism and affective disorder. Am J Psychiatry 143:140-147
64. Singer E, Garfinkel R, Cohen SM, Srole L (1976) Mortality and mental health: Evidence from the Midtown Manhattan Restudy. Soc Sci Med 10:517-525
65. Single E, Robson L, Rehm J, Xiaodi X (1999) Morbidity and mortality attributable to alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use in Canada. Am J Public Health 89:385-390
66. Sjöbring H (1913) Den individualpsykologiska frågeställningen inom psykiatrien. Uppsala Läkareföreb, Förgabdk, N.F. (Diss Uppsala)
67. Smith ME, Newcombe HB (1982) Use of the Canadian mortality data base for epidemiological follow-up. Can J Public Health 73:39-46
68. Smith T, Smith B (2001) Survival analysis and the application of Cox's proportional hazards modeling using SAS. Proceedings of the twenty-sixth annual SAS user's group international conference. SAS Institute Inc, Cary, NC, pp 244-246
69. Srole L, Langner TS, Michael ST, Opler MK, Rennie TA (1962) Mental health in the metropolis: The Midtown Manhattan Study. McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York
70. Tremblay MA (2006) Alexander H. Leighton's and Jane Murphy's scientific contributions in psychiatric epidemiology: A personal appreciation. Transcult Psychiatry 43:7-20
71. Tsuang MT, Woolson RF (1977) Mortality in patients with schizophrenia, mania, depression and surgical conditions. Br J Psychiatry 130:162-166
72. Walsh DC, Sorenson G, Leonard L (1995) Gender, health and cigarette smoking. In: Amick BC, Levine S, Tarlov A (eds) Society and health. Oxford University Press, New York pp 131-171
73. Wells KB, Stewart A, Hays RD, Burnam A, Rogers W, Daniels M, Berry S, Greenfield S, Ware J (1989) The functioning and well-being of depressed patients: Results from the medical outcomes study. JAMA 262:914-919