Targeting appropriate interventions to minimize deterioration of drinking-water quality in developing countries

Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition

Volumn 26, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 125-138

  Trevett, Andrew F ^a   Carter, Richard C ^b  

^a WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION   (Switzerland)

^b CRANFIELD UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Diarrhoea; Disease risk index; Drinking water; Household; Hygiene; Interventions; Review literature

Indexed keywords

DEVELOPING COUNTRY; HOUSING; HUMAN; HYGIENE; PUBLIC HEALTH; QUALITY CONTROL; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; RURAL POPULATION; STANDARD; WATER POLLUTANT; WATER SUPPLY;

DEVELOPING COUNTRIES; HOUSING; HUMANS; HYGIENE; PUBLIC HEALTH; QUALITY CONTROL; RISK ASSESSMENT; RURAL POPULATION; WATER POLLUTANTS; WATER SUPPLY;

EID: 48249094987     PISSN: 16060997     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (62)

1. Trevett AF. The public health significance of drinking water quality deterioration in rural Honduran communities. Bedford: Cranfield University, 2003. 152 p. (PhD thesis).
2. World Health Organization. Guidelines for drinking-water quality. 3rd ed. V. 1. Recommendations. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2004. 536 p.
3. Trevett AF, Carter RC, Tyrrel SF. Water quality deterioration: a study of household drinking water quality in rural Honduras. Int J Environ Health Res 2004; 14:273-83.
4. Trevett AF, Carter RC, Tyrrel SF. The importance of domestic water quality management in the context of faecal-oral disease transmission. J Water Health 2005;3:259-70.
5. Han AM, Moe K. Household faecal contamination and diarrhoea risk. J Trop Med Hyg 1990;93:333-6.
6. Kaltenthaler EC, Drasar BS. The study of hygiene behaviour in Botswana: a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. Trop Med Int Health 1996;1:690-8.
7. Lesourd BM, Mazari L. Immune responses during recovery from protein-energy malnutrition. Clin Nutr 1997;16(Suppl 1):37-46.
8. Bhaskaram P. Micronutrient malnutrition, infection, and immunity: an overview. Nutr Rev 2002;60:S40-5.
9. Food and Agriculture Organization. The state of food insecurity in the world 2002. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization, 2003. (http:// www.fao.org/docrep/005/y7352e/y7352e00.htm, accessed on 15 January 2008).
10. Brooks WA, Santosham M, Naheed A, Goswami D, Wahed MA, Diener-West M et al. Effect of weekly zinc supplements on incidence of pneumonia and diarrhoea in children younger than 2 years in an urban, low-income population in Bangladesh: randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2005;366:999-1004.
11. Rice AL, West KP, Jr., Black E. Vitamin A deficiency. In: Ezzati M, Lopez AD, Rodgers A, Murray CJL, editors. Comparative quantification of health risks: global and regional burden of disease attributable to selected major risk factors, v. 1. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2004: 211-56.
12. Caulfield LE, Black RE. Zinc deficiency. In: Ezzati M, Lopez AD, Rodgers A, Murray CJL, editors. Comparative quantification of health risks: global and regional burden of disease attributable to selected major risk factors, v. 1. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2004: 257-9.
13. Umeta M, West CE, Haidar J, Deurenberg P, Hautvast JGAJ. Zinc supplementation and stunted infants in Ethiopia: a randomized controlled trial. Lancet 2000;355:2021-6.
14. Jiménez-Cruz A, Martínez-Martínez E, Bacardi-Gascón M. Methods of nutritional assessment for determining nutritional care at the pre-school level. Arch Med Res 1996;27:191-4.
15. de Almeida CA, Ricco RG, Nogueira MP, Del Clampo LA, Mucillo G. Comparison of four anthropometric methods of nutritional assessment and evaluation of the agreement between two reference populations. J Trop Pediatr 1999;45:345-50.
16. Kossmann J, Nestel P. Herrera MG, El-Amin A, Fawzi WW. Undemutrition in relation to childhood infections: a prospective study in the Sudan. Eur J Clin Nutr 2000;54:463-72.
17. Bender DA, Bender AE. Nutrition: a reference handbook. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1997. 573 p.
18. World Health Organization. Guidelines for drinking-water quality. 2nd ed. V. 3. Surveillance and control of community supplies. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1997. 260 p.
19. United Nations Children's Fund. Towards better programming: a water handbook. New York, NY: United Nations Children's Fund, 1999.106 p. (Water, environment and sanitation technical guidelines series no. 2),
20. Lindskog RUM, Lindskog PA. Bacteriological contamination of water in rural areas: an intervention study from Malawi. J Trop Med Hyg 1988;91:1-7.
21. Mertens TE, Fernando MA, Marshall TF, Kirkwood BR, Cairncross S, Radalowicz A. Determinants of water quality, availability and use in Kurunegala, Sri Lanka. Trop Med Parasitol 1990;41:89-97.
22. Simango C, Dindiwe J, Rukure G. Bacterial contamination of food and household stored drinking water in a farmworker community in Zimbabwe. Cent Afr J Med 1992;38:143-9.
23. VanDerslice J, Briscoe J. All coliforms are not created equal: a comparison of the effects of water source and in-house water contamination on infantile diarrheal disease. Water Resour Res 1993;29:1983-95.
24. Jagals P, Grabow WOK, Williams E. The effects of supplied water quality on human health in an urban development with limited basic subsistence facilities. Water SA 1997;22:373-8.
25. Mirza NM, Caulfield LE, Black RE, Macharia WM. Risk factors for diarrheal duration. Am J Epidemiol 1997;146:776-85.
26. Kunii O, Nakamura S, Abdur R, Wakai S. The impact on health and risk factors of the diarrhoea epidemics in the 1998 Bangladesh floods. Public Health 2002;116:68-74.
27. Hammad ZH, Dirar HA. Microbiological examination of sebeel water. Appl Environ Microbiol 1982;43:1238-43.
28. Deb BC, Sircar BK, Sengupta PG, De SP, Mondal SK, Gupta DN et al. Studies on interventions to prevent eltor cholera transmission in urban slums. Bull World Health Organ 1986;64:127-31.
29. Empereur-Bissonnet P, Salzman V, Monjour L. Application d'un nouveau matériel de transport et de stockage pour l'amélioration de la qualité de l'eau de boisson en milieu rural Africain. Bull Soc Pathol Exot 1992;85:390-4.
30. Roberts L, Chartier Y, Chartier O, Malenga G, Toole M, Rodka H. Keeping clean water clean in a Malawi refugee camp: a randomised intervention trial. Bull World Health Organ 2001;79:280-7.
31. Mintz ED, Reiff FM, Tauxe RV. Safe water treatment and storage in the home. A practical new strategy to prevent waterborne disease. JAMA 1995;273:948-53.
32. Quick RE, Venczel LV, González O, Mintz ED, High-smith AK, Espada A et al. Narrow-mouthed water storage vessels and in situ chlorination in a Bolivian community: a simple method to improve drinking water quality. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1996;54:511-6.
33. Quick RE, Venczel LV, Mintz ED, Soleto L, Aparicio J, Gironaz M et al. Diarrhoea prevention in Bolivia through point-of-use water treatment and safe storage: a promising new strategy. Epidemiol Infect 1999;122:83-90.
34. Quick RE, Kimura A, Thevos A, Tembo M, Shamputa I, Hutwagner L et al. Diarrhea prevention through household-level water disinfection and safe storage in Zambia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2002;66:584-9.
35. Semenza JC, Roberts L, Henderson A, Bogan J, Rubin C. Water distribution system and diarrheal disease transmission: a case study in Uzbekistan. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1998;59:941-6.
36. EAWAG amd SANDEC. (www.sodis.ch, accessed on 15 January 2008).
37. Conroy RM, Meegan ME, Joyce T, McGuigan K, Barnes J. Solar disinfection of water reduces diarrhoeal disease: an update. Arch Dis Child 1999;81:337-8.
38. Conroy RM, Meegan ME, Joyce T, McGuigan K, Barnes J. Solar disinfection of drinking-water protects against cholera in children under 6 years of age. Arch Dis Child 2001;85:293-5.
39. Sobsey MD. Managing water in the home: accelerated health gains from improved water supply. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2002. 70 p. (WHO/SDE/WSH/02.07).
40. Almedom AM. Recent developments in hygiene behaviour research: an emphasis on methods and meaning. Trop Med Int Health 1996; 1:171-82.
41. Pinfold JV. Faecal contamination of water and finger-tip-rinses as a method for evaluating the effect of low-cost water supply and sanitation activities on faeco-oral disease transmission. I. A case study in rural north-east Thailand. Epidemiol Infect 1990;105:363-75.
42. Swerdlow DL, Mintz ED, Rodriguez M, Tejada E, Ocampo C, Espejo L et al. Waterborne transmission of epidemic cholera in Trujillo, Peru: lessons for a continent at risk. Lancet 1992;340:28-32.
43. Swerdlow DL, Malenga G, Begkoyian G, Nyangulu D, Toole M, Waldman RJ et al. Epidemic cholera among refugees in Malawi, Africa: treatment and transmission. Epidemiol Infect 1997;118:207-14.
44. World Bank. The handwashing handbook: a guide for developing a hygiene promotion program to increase handwashing with soap. Washington, DC: P.S. Press Services Pvt. Ltd. for World Bank, 2005. 76 p.
45. Curtis V, Kanki B, Cousens; S, Diallo I, Kpozehouen A, Sangaré M et al. Evidence of behaviour change following a hygiene promotion programme in Burkina Faso. Bull World Health Organ 2001;79:518-27.
46. Hoque BA, Mahalanabis D, Pelto B, Alam MJ. Research methodology for developing efficient hand-wasing options: an example from Bangladesh. J Trop Med Hyg 1995;98:469-75.
47. Pinfold JV. Faecal contamination of water and finger-tip-rinses as a method for evaluating the effect of low-cost water supply and sanitation activities on faeco-oral disease transmission. II. A hygiene intervention study in rural north-east Thailand. Epidemiol Infect 1990;105:377-89.
48. Sobel J, Mahon B, Mendoza CE, Passaro D, Cano F, Baier K et al. Reduction of fecal contamination of street-vended beverages in Guatemala by a simple system for water purification and storage, hand-washing, and beverage storage. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1998;59:380-7.
49. United Nations Children's Fund. Towards better programming: a manual on hygiene promotion. New York, NY: United Nations Children's Fund, 1999. 82 p. (Water, environment and sanitation technical guidelines series no. 6).
50. Howard AG. Water quality surveillance - a practical guide. Loughborough: Water, Engineering and Development Centre, Loughborough University, 2002. 88 p.
51. Cente for Disease Control and Prevention. Safe water system for the developing world: a handbook for implementing household-based water treatment and safe storage projects. 187 p. (http://hetv.org/resources/ safewater/manual/pdf/pdf_manual.htm, accessed on 15 January 2008).
52. Loevinsohn BP. Health education interventions in developing countries: a methodological review of published articles. Int J Epidemiol 1990;19:788-94.
53. Woodhouse M. Consumer involvement in bacteriological testing of well water in Kibwezi, Kenya. Waterlines 1997;8:22-4.
54. Dutka BJ, Seidl P, Developing a self-sustained micro-biological water quality testing capability in a remote aboriginal community. Ottawa: International Development Research Centre, 1993. 56 p.
55. Castillo G, Castillo J, Thiers R. Evaluation of the coliphage procedure and presence/absence test as simple rapid economical methods for screening potable water sources and potable water supplies in Chile. In: Dutka BJ, El-Shaarawi AH, editors. Testing the water: the use of simple, inexpensive microbial water quality tests. Chapter 4. Ottawa: International Development Research Centre, 1997: 247.
56. Rijal GK, Fujioka RS. Synergistic effect of solar radiation and solar heating to disinfect drinking water sources. Water Sci Tech 2001;43:155-62.
57. Thevos AK, Fred FA, Kaona A, Siajunza MT, Quick RE. Adoption of safe water behaviours in Zambia: comparing educational and motivational approaches. Edu Health (Abingdon) 2000;13:366-76.
58. Thevos AK, Quick RE, Yanduli V. Motivational interviewing enhances the adoption of water disinfection practices in Zambia. Health Promot Int 2000;15:207-14.
59. Makutsa P, Nzaku K, Ogutu P, Barasa P, Ombeki S, Mwaki A, Quick RE. Challenges in implementing a point-of-use water quality intervention in rural Kenya. Am J Public Health 2001;91:1571-3.
60. Wood S, Sawyer R, Simpson-Hebert M. PHAST step-by-step guide: a participatory guide for the control of diarrhoeal disease. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1998. 126 p. (Participatory hygiene and sanitation transformation series).
61. Dunston C, McAfee D, Kaiser R, Rakotoarison D, Rambeloson L, Hoang AT et al. Collaboration, cholera, and cyclones: a project to improve point-of-use water quality in Madagascar. Am J Public Health 2001;91:1574-6.
62. Luby S, Agboatwalla M, Razz A, Sobel J, Mintz E, Baier K et al. A low-cost intervention for cleaner drinking water in Karachi, Pakistan. Int J Infect Dis 2001;5:144-50.