Reduction of fecal contamination of street-vended beverages in Guatemala by a simple system for water purification and storage, handwashing, and beverage storage

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

Volumn 59, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 380-387

  Sobel, Jeremy ^b   Mahon, Barbara ^b   Mendoza, Carlos E ^a   Passaro, Douglas ^b   Cano, Floridalma ^c   Baier, Kathleen ^d   Racioppi, Francesca ^e   Hutwagner, Lori ^f   Mintz, Eric ^f  

^a USEMB/HHS/MERTU   (United States)

^b Inst Nutricional Centroamerica y P ^*

^c Inst Nutricional Centroamerica y P   (Guatemala)

^d PROCTER AND GAMBLE COMPANY   (United States)

^e WHO European Centre for Environment and Health   (Italy)

^f CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BLEACHING AGENT; CHLORINE; HYPOCHLORITE; SOAP; WATER;

ARTICLE; BACTERIUM CONTAMINATION; BEVERAGE; CHOLERA; COLIFORM BACTERIUM; CONTROLLED STUDY; EDUCATION; ESCHERICHIA COLI; FECES; GUATEMALA; HAND WASHING; MARKETING; STORAGE; WATER MANAGEMENT;

EID: 0031657254     PISSN: 00029637     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.1998.59.380     Document Type: Article

References (20)

1. Pan American Health Organization, 1997. Cholera situation in the Americas, 1996. Epidemiol Bulletin Pan Am Health Organ 18: 5-7.
2. Swerdlow DL, Mintz ED, Rodriguez M, Tejada E, Ocampo C, Espejo L, Greene K, Saldana W, Seminario L, Tauxe RV, Wells JG, Bean NH, Ries AA, Pollack M, Vertiz B, Blake PA, 1992. Waterborne transmission of epidemic cholera in Trujillo, Peru: lessons for a continent at risk. Lancet 340: 28-33.
3. Ries AA, Vugia DJ, Beingolea L, Palacios AM, Vasquez E, Wells JG, Baca NG, Swerdlow DL, Pollack M, Bean NH, Seminario L, Tauxe RV, 1992. Cholera in Piura, Peru: a modern urban epidemic. J Infect Dis 166: 1429-1433.
4. Weber JT, Mintz ED, Cañizares R, Semiglia A, Gomez I, Sempértegui R, Dávila A, Greene KD, Puhr ND, Cameron DN, Tenover FC, Barrett TJ, Bean NH, Ivey C, Tauxe RV, Blake PA, 1994. Epidemic cholera in Ecuador: multidrug-resistance and transmission by water and seafood. Epidemiol Infect 112: 1-11.
5. Mujica OJ, Quick RE, Palacios AM, Beingolea L, Vargas R, Moreno D, Barrett TJ, Bean NH, Seminario L, Tauxe RV, 1994. Epidemic cholera in the Amazon: the role of produce in disease risk and prevention. J Infect Dis 169: 1381-1384.
6. Guthmann JP, 1995. Epidemic cholera in Latin America: spread and routes of transmission. J Trop Med Hyg 98: 419-427.
7. Koo D, Aragon A, Moscoso V, Gudiel M, Bietti L, Carrillo N, Chojoj J, Gordillo B, Cano F, Cameron DN, Wells JG, Bean NH, Tauxe RV, 1996. Epidemic cholera in Guatemala, 1993: transmission of a newly introduced epidemic strain by street vendors. Epidemiol Infect 116: 121-126.
8. World Health Organization Food Safety Unit, 1992. Essential Safety Requirements for Street Vended Foods. Provisional edition. Geneva: WHO/HPP/FOS/92.3.
9. Quick RE, Venczel LV, Gonzalez O, Mintz ED, Highsmith AK, Espada A, Damiani E, Bean NH, De Hanover EH, Tauxe RV, 1996. Narrow-mouthed water storage vessels and in situ chlorination in a Bolivian community: a simple method to improve drinking water quality. Am J Trop Med Hyg 54: 511-516.
10. Han AM, Oo KN, Midorikawa Y, Shwe S, 1989. Contamination of drinking water during collection and storage. Trop Geogr Med 41: 138-140.
11. Deb BC, Sircar BK, Sengupta PG, De SP, Mondal SK, Gupta DN, Saha NC, Ghosh S, Mitra U, Pal SC, 1986. Studies on intervention to prevent el tor cholera transmission in urban slums. Bull Word Health Organ 64: 127-131.
12. Mintz ED, Reiff FM, Tauxe RV, 1995. Safe water treatment and storage in the home: a practical new strategy to prevent waterborne disease. JAMA 273: 948-953.
13. American Public Health Association-American Water Works Association Water Environment Federation (APHA-AWWA-WEF), 1992. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 18th Edition. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association, 9-34; 9-53-9-61.
14. Food and Drug Administration, 1992. Escherichia coli and the coliform bacteria. FDA Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM). Seventh edition. Arlington, VA: ADAC International, 27-31.
15. American Public Health Association, 1992. Compendium of Methods for the Microbiological Examination of Foods. Third Edition. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association, 57, 59, and 325-341.
16. Sprunt K, Redman W, Leidy G, 1973. Antibacterial effectiveness of routine hand washing. Pediatrics 52: 264-271.
17. Zeger S, Liang K-Y, 1986. Longitudinal data analysis for discrete and continuous outcomes. Biometrics 42: 121-130.
18. Milliken GA, Johnson DE, 1994. Analysis of Messy Data. Volume 1. Designed Experiments. London: Chapman Hall.
19. Lipsitz S, Laird N, Harrington D, 1991. Generalized estimating equations for correlated binary data: using the odds ratio as a measure of association. Biometrika 78: 153-160.
20. Adair JG, 1984. The Hawthorne effect: a reconsideration of the methodological artifact. J Appl Psychol 69: 334-345.