When is it appropriate to order an ionized calcium?

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

Volumn 19, Issue 7, 2008, Pages 1257-1260

  Calvi, Laura M ^a   Bushinsky, David A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND DENTISTRY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALBUMIN; BICARBONATE; CALCIUM; CALCIUM ION; CITRIC ACID; LACTIC ACID DERIVATIVE; MAGNESIUM; PARATHYROID HORMONE; SULFATE; VITAMIN D; DIVALENT CATION;

ACCURACY; ACIDEMIA; ALBUMIN BLOOD LEVEL; ANTICOAGULATION; BLOOD CLOTTING; BONE MINERALIZATION; CALCIUM BLOOD LEVEL; CALCIUM CELL LEVEL; CALCIUM HOMEOSTASIS; CELL ACTIVITY; CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE; CLINICAL DECISION MAKING; CLINICAL PRACTICE; COMPLEX FORMATION; COST; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DRUG PROTEIN BINDING; EXTRACELLULAR CALCIUM; FALSE NEGATIVE RESULT; HEMOFILTRATION; HUMAN; HYPERCALCEMIA; HYPERPLASIA; HYPOCALCEMIA; MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE HYPERPLASIA 1; NOTE; PARATHYROID GLAND; PH; PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM; STANDARDIZATION; ARTICLE; BLOOD; BLOOD ANALYSIS; KIDNEY DISEASE; METHODOLOGY;

BLOOD CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; CALCIUM; CATIONS, DIVALENT; HUMANS; KIDNEY DISEASES;

EID: 48149107724     PISSN: 10466673     EISSN: 15333450     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1681/ASN.2007121327     Document Type: Note

References (37)

1. Brown EM: Extracellular Ca2+ sensing, regulation of parathyroid cell function, and role of Ca2+ and other ions as extracellular (first) messengers. Physiol Rev 71: 371-411, 1991
2. Neer R, Berman M, Fisher L, Rosenberg LE: Multicompartmental analysis of calcium kinetics in normal adult males. J Clin Invest 46: 1364-1379, 1967
3. Walser M: Ion association. VI. Interactions between calcium, magnesium, inorganic phosphate, citrate and protein in normal human plasma. J Clin Invest 40: 723-730, 1961
4. Rona P, Takahashi D: About the behavior of calcium in serum and on the content of the body's blood calcium. Biochem Z 31: 336, 1911
5. Bushinsky DA, Monk RD: Electrolyte quintet: Calcium. Lancet 352: 306-311, 1998
6. Moore EW: Ionized calcium in normal serum, ultrafiltrates, and whole blood determined by ion-exchange electrodes. J Clin Invest 49: 318-334, 1970
7. McLean FC, Hastings AB: A biological method for the estimation of calcium ion concentration. J Biol Chem 107: 337-350, 1934
8. McLean FC, Hastings AB: The state of calcium in the fluids of the body. I. The conditions affecting the ionization of calcium. J Biol Chem 108: 285-322, 1935
9. Brown EM, Gamba G, Riccardi D, Lombardi M, Butters R, Kifor O, Sun A, Hediger MA, Lytton J, Hebert SC: Cloning and characterization of an extracellular Ca(2+(-sensing receptor from bovine parathyroid. Nature 366: 575-580, 1993
10. Ross JW: Calcium-selective electrode with liquid ion exchanger. Science 156: 1378-1379, 1967
11. Bowers GN Jr, Brassard C, Sena SF: Measurement of ionized calcium in serum with ion-selective electrodes: A mature technology that can meet the daily service needs. Clin Chem 32: 1437-1447, 1986
12. Pfitzenmeyer P, Martin I, d'Athis P, Grumbach Y, Delmestre MC, Blondé-Cynober F, Derycke B, Brondel L, Club Francophone de Gériatrie et Nutrition: A new formula for correction of total calcium level into ionized serum calcium values in very elderly hospitalized patients. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 45: 151-157, 2007
13. Szyfelbein SK, Drop LJ, Martyn JA: Persistent ionized hypocalcemia in patients during resuscitation and recovery phases of body burns. Crit Care Med 9: 454-458, 1981
14. Drop LJ, Laver MB: Low plasma ionized calcium and response to calcium therapy in critically ill man. Anesthesiology 43: 300-306, 1975
15. Zaloga GP, Chernow B, Cook D, Snyder R, Clapper M, O'Brian JT: Assessment of calcium homeostasis in the critically ill surgical patient: The diagnostic pitfalls of the McLean-Hastings nomogram. Ann Surg 202: 587-594, 1985
16. Zaloga GP, Willey S, Tomasic P, Chernow B: Free fatty acids alter calcium binding: A cause for misinterpretation of serum calcium values and hypocalcemia in critical illness. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 64: 1010-1014, 1987
17. Slomp J, van der Voort PH, Gerritsen RT, Berk JA, Bakker AJ: Albumin-adjusted calcium is not suitable for diagnosis of hyperand hypocalcemia in the critically ill. Crit Care Med 31: 1389-1393, 2003
18. Dickerson RN, Alexander KH, Minard G, Croce MA, Brown RO: Accuracy of methods to estimate ionized and "corrected" serum calcium concentrations in critically ill multiple trauma patients receiving specialized nutrition support. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 28: 133-141, 2004
19. Byrnes MC, Huynh K, Helmer SD, Stevens C, Dort JM, Smith RS: A comparison of corrected serum calcium levels to ionized calcium levels among critically ill surgical patients. Am J Surg 189: 310-314, 2005
20. Goransson LG, Skadberg O, Bergrem H: Albumin-corrected or ionized calcium in renal failure? What to measure? Nephrol Dial Transplant 20: 2126-2129, 2005
21. Ladenson JH, Lewis JW, Boyd JC: Failure of total calcium corrected for protein, albumin, and pH to correctly assess free calcium status. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 46: 986-993, 1978
22. Clase CM, Norman GL, Beecroft ML, Churchill DN: Albumin-corrected calcium and ionized calcium in stable haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 15: 1841-1846, 2000
23. Burritt MF, Pierides AM, Offord KP: Comparative studies of total and ionized serum calcium values in normal subjects and patients with renal disorders. Mayo Clin Proc 55: 606-613, 1980
24. Pinnick RV, Wiegmann TB, Diederich DA: Regional citrate anticoagulation for hemodialysis in the patient at high risk for bleeding. N Engl J Med 308: 258-261, 1983
25. Palsson R, Niles JL: Regional citrate anticoagulation in continuous venovenous hemofiltration in critically ill patients with a high risk of bleeding. Kidney Int 55: 1991-1997, 1999
26. Bakker AJ, Boerma EC, Keidel H, Kingma P, van der Voort PH: Detection of citrate overdose in critically ill patients on citrate-anti-coagulated venovenous haemofiltration: Use of ionised and total/ionised calcium. Clin Chem Lab Med 44: 962-966, 2006
27. Betjes MG, van Oosterom D, van Agteren M, van de Wetering J: Regional citrate versus heparin anticoagulation during venovenous hemofiltration in patients at low risk for bleeding: Similar hemofilter survival but significantly less bleeding. J Nephrol 20: 602-608, 2007
28. Fealy N, Baldwin I, Johnstone M, Egi M, Bellomo R: A pilot randomized controlled crossover study comparing regional heparinization to regional citrate anticoagulation for continuous venovenous hemofiltration. Int J Artif Organs 30: 301-307, 2007
29. Ladenson JH, Lewis JW, McDonald JM, Slatopolsky E, Boyd JC: Relationship of free and total calcium in hypercalcemic conditions. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 48: 393-397, 1979
30. Ijaz A, Mehmood T, Qureshi AH, Anwar M, Dilawar M, Hussain I, Khan FA, Khan DA, Hussain S, Khan IA: Estimation of ionized calcium, total calcium and albumin corrected calcium for the diagnosis of hypercalcaemia of malignancy. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 16: 49-52, 2006
31. Riancho JA, Arjona R, Sanz J, Olmos JM, Valle R, Barceló JR, González-Macías J: Is the routine measurement of ionized calcium worthwhile in patients with cancer? Postgrad Med J 67: 350-353, 1991
32. McLeod MK, Monchik JM, Martin HF: The role of ionized calcium in the diagnosis of subtle hypercalcemia in symptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism. Surgery 95: 667-673, 1984
33. Forster J, Monchik JM, Martin HF: A comparative study of serum ultrafirtrable, ionized, and total calcium in the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism in patients with intermittent or no elevation in total calcium. Surgery 104: 1137-1142, 1988
34. Monchik JM, Gorgun E: Normocalcemic hyperparatbyroidism in patients with osteoporosis. Surgery 136: 1242-1246, 2004
35. Larsson L, Ohman S: Serum ionized calcium and corrected total calcium in borderline hyperparathyroidism. Clin Chem 24: 1962-1965, 1978
36. Shepherd JJ, Teh BT, Parameswaran V, Davd R: Hyperparathyroidism with normal albumin-corrected total calcium in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. Henry Ford Hosp Med J 40: 186-190, 1992
37. Eberle F, Grun R: Multiple endocrine neoplasia, type I (MEN I). Ergeb Inn Med Kinderheilkd 46: 76-149, 1981