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Volumn 11, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 389-395

News from the frontline: recent insights into PAMP-triggered immunity in plants

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

PATTERN RECOGNITION RECEPTOR; VEGETABLE PROTEIN;

EID: 48049084745     PISSN: 13695266     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2008.06.001     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (247)

References (66)
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    • A LysM receptor-like kinase plays a critical role in chitin signaling and fungal resistance in Arabidopsis
    • Here CERK1/LysM-RLK1 is identified as a positive regulator of chitin signalling in Arabidopsis. Arabidopsis CERK1/LysM-RLK1 mutants are blocked in chitin-induced transcriptional reprogramming, which resembles transcriptional changes induced by other PAMPs. These mutants are also more susceptible to fungal pathogen. Furthermore, pre-treatment of plants with chitin induces resistance to fungal and bacterial pathogens.
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    • This paper reports the identification and characterisation of the LRR-RLK EFR as the EF-Tu receptor. Comparison of transcription profiles after elf18 or flg22 treatment showed a substantial overlap and led the authors to suggest signalling convergence downstream of individual PAMP recognition. It also showed that transformation of plant cells by the bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens is normally restricted by plant defences.
    • Zipfel C., Kunze G., Chinchilla D., Caniard A., Jones J.D., Boller T., and Felix G. Perception of the bacterial PAMP EF-Tu by the receptor EFR restricts Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Cell 125 (2006) 749-760. This paper reports the identification and characterisation of the LRR-RLK EFR as the EF-Tu receptor. Comparison of transcription profiles after elf18 or flg22 treatment showed a substantial overlap and led the authors to suggest signalling convergence downstream of individual PAMP recognition. It also showed that transformation of plant cells by the bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens is normally restricted by plant defences.
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    • Zipfel, C.1    Kunze, G.2    Chinchilla, D.3    Caniard, A.4    Jones, J.D.5    Boller, T.6    Felix, G.7
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    • The Arabidopsis receptor kinase FLS2 binds flg22 and determines the specificity of flagellin perception
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    • Chinchilla, D.1    Bauer, Z.2    Regenass, M.3    Boller, T.4    Felix, G.5
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    • CERK1, a LysM receptor kinase, is essential for chitin elicitor signaling in Arabidopsis
    • Adopting a reverse genetic approach studying LysM RLKs in Arabidopsis the authors identified the receptor-like kinase CERK1/LysM-RLK1 as an essential signalling component for chitin responses in Arabidopsis. Furthermore, they showed that CERK1/LysM-RLK1 localises to the plasma membrane and possesses de novo kinase activity.
    • Miya A., Albert P., Shinya T., Desaki Y., Ichimura K., Shirasu K., Narusaka Y., Kawakami N., Kaku H., and Shibuya N. CERK1, a LysM receptor kinase, is essential for chitin elicitor signaling in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104 (2007) 19613-19618. Adopting a reverse genetic approach studying LysM RLKs in Arabidopsis the authors identified the receptor-like kinase CERK1/LysM-RLK1 as an essential signalling component for chitin responses in Arabidopsis. Furthermore, they showed that CERK1/LysM-RLK1 localises to the plasma membrane and possesses de novo kinase activity.
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    • Plant cells recognize chitin fragments for defense signaling through a plasma membrane receptor
    • In an exhaustive biochemical study the LysM containing receptor-like protein CEBiP was identified as the chitin-binding PRR in rice. Plants silenced for CEBiP has reduced chitin binding and responsiveness. This is the first and only identified PRR in monocots.
    • Kaku H., Nishizawa Y., Ishii-Minami N., Akimoto-Tomiyama C., Dohmae N., Takio K., Minami E., and Shibuya N. Plant cells recognize chitin fragments for defense signaling through a plasma membrane receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103 (2006) 11086-11091. In an exhaustive biochemical study the LysM containing receptor-like protein CEBiP was identified as the chitin-binding PRR in rice. Plants silenced for CEBiP has reduced chitin binding and responsiveness. This is the first and only identified PRR in monocots.
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    • Kaku, H.1    Nishizawa, Y.2    Ishii-Minami, N.3    Akimoto-Tomiyama, C.4    Dohmae, N.5    Takio, K.6    Minami, E.7    Shibuya, N.8
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    • Molecular identification and characterization of the tomato flagellin receptor LeFLS2, an orthologue of Arabidopsis FLS2 exhibiting characteristically different perception specificities
    • Tomato is a species extremely sensitive to flagellin and with distinct recognition specificities compared to Arabidopsis. This paper reports the cloning of the tomato LeFLS2 based on sequence similarity with AtFLS2, complementation of Arabidopsis fls2 mutant and binding to assays.
    • Robatzek S., Bittel P., Chinchilla D., Kochner P., Felix G., Shiu S.H., and Boller T. Molecular identification and characterization of the tomato flagellin receptor LeFLS2, an orthologue of Arabidopsis FLS2 exhibiting characteristically different perception specificities. Plant Mol Biol 64 (2007) 539-547. Tomato is a species extremely sensitive to flagellin and with distinct recognition specificities compared to Arabidopsis. This paper reports the cloning of the tomato LeFLS2 based on sequence similarity with AtFLS2, complementation of Arabidopsis fls2 mutant and binding to assays.
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    • Robatzek, S.1    Bittel, P.2    Chinchilla, D.3    Kochner, P.4    Felix, G.5    Shiu, S.H.6    Boller, T.7
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    • Early events in the pathogenicity of Pseudomonas syringae on Nicotiana benthamiana
    • The authors identified the FLS2 orthologue in N. benthamiana and showed that NbFLS2 silencing enhances susceptibility to a range of adapted and non-adapted bacteria. Furthermore, the two bacterial effectors AvrPto and AvrPtoB suppress PTI when transiently expressed in N. benthamiana leading to enhanced bacterial susceptibility.
    • Hann D.R., and Rathjen J.P. Early events in the pathogenicity of Pseudomonas syringae on Nicotiana benthamiana. Plant J 49 (2007) 607-618. The authors identified the FLS2 orthologue in N. benthamiana and showed that NbFLS2 silencing enhances susceptibility to a range of adapted and non-adapted bacteria. Furthermore, the two bacterial effectors AvrPto and AvrPtoB suppress PTI when transiently expressed in N. benthamiana leading to enhanced bacterial susceptibility.
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    • Hann, D.R.1    Rathjen, J.P.2
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    • Identification and mutational analysis of Arabidopsis FLS2 leucine-rich repeat domain residues that contribute to flagellin perception
    • Combining mutational, phylogenetic and structural modelling approaches, the authors showed that the AtFLS2 LRR domains 9-15 contributed significantly to flg22 binding.
    • Dunning F.M., Sun W., Jansen K.L., Helft L., and Bent A.F. Identification and mutational analysis of Arabidopsis FLS2 leucine-rich repeat domain residues that contribute to flagellin perception. Plant Cell 19 (2007) 3297-3313. Combining mutational, phylogenetic and structural modelling approaches, the authors showed that the AtFLS2 LRR domains 9-15 contributed significantly to flg22 binding.
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    • Dunning, F.M.1    Sun, W.2    Jansen, K.L.3    Helft, L.4    Bent, A.F.5
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    • Ligand-dependent reduction in the membrane mobility of FLAGELLIN SENSITIVE2, an Arabidopsis receptor-like kinase
    • Ali G.S., Prasad K.V., Day I., and Reddy A.S. Ligand-dependent reduction in the membrane mobility of FLAGELLIN SENSITIVE2, an Arabidopsis receptor-like kinase. Plant Cell Physiol 48 (2007) 1601-1611
    • (2007) Plant Cell Physiol , vol.48 , pp. 1601-1611
    • Ali, G.S.1    Prasad, K.V.2    Day, I.3    Reddy, A.S.4
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    • A flagellin-induced complex of the receptor FLS2 and BAK1 initiates plant defence
    • In a reverse-genetic approach focussed on LRR-RLK genes rapidly induced by flg22, the authors found that plants mutated in BAK1, a gene involved in brassinosteroid signalling, are strongly affected in flg22 and partially in elf18 responses. Although, BAK1 is dispensable for flg22 binding, BAK1 and FLS2 rapidly interact in a ligand-dependent manner.
    • Chinchilla D., Zipfel C., Robatzek S., Kemmerling B., Nurnberger T., Jones J.D., Felix G., and Boller T. A flagellin-induced complex of the receptor FLS2 and BAK1 initiates plant defence. Nature 448 (2007) 497-500. In a reverse-genetic approach focussed on LRR-RLK genes rapidly induced by flg22, the authors found that plants mutated in BAK1, a gene involved in brassinosteroid signalling, are strongly affected in flg22 and partially in elf18 responses. Although, BAK1 is dispensable for flg22 binding, BAK1 and FLS2 rapidly interact in a ligand-dependent manner.
    • (2007) Nature , vol.448 , pp. 497-500
    • Chinchilla, D.1    Zipfel, C.2    Robatzek, S.3    Kemmerling, B.4    Nurnberger, T.5    Jones, J.D.6    Felix, G.7    Boller, T.8
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    • The receptor-like kinase SERK3/BAK1 is a central regulator of innate immunity in plants
    • Using a proteomic approach, the authors also identified BAK1 as a FLS2 interactor and positive regulator of flg22 signalling. Interestingly, silencing of NbBAK1 in Nicotiana benthamiana decreases responsiveness not only to flg22 but also to the PAMPs CSP22 and INF1. NbBAK1-silenced plants are also more susceptible to a range of bacteria and a biotrophic oomycete.
    • Heese A., Hann D.R., Gimenez-Ibanez S., Jones A.M., He K., Li J., Schroeder J.I., Peck S.C., and Rathjen J.P. The receptor-like kinase SERK3/BAK1 is a central regulator of innate immunity in plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104 (2007) 12217-12222. Using a proteomic approach, the authors also identified BAK1 as a FLS2 interactor and positive regulator of flg22 signalling. Interestingly, silencing of NbBAK1 in Nicotiana benthamiana decreases responsiveness not only to flg22 but also to the PAMPs CSP22 and INF1. NbBAK1-silenced plants are also more susceptible to a range of bacteria and a biotrophic oomycete.
    • (2007) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.104 , pp. 12217-12222
    • Heese, A.1    Hann, D.R.2    Gimenez-Ibanez, S.3    Jones, A.M.4    He, K.5    Li, J.6    Schroeder, J.I.7    Peck, S.C.8    Rathjen, J.P.9
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    • Multiple mechanisms modulate brassinosteroid signaling
    • Gendron J.M., and Wang Z.-Y. Multiple mechanisms modulate brassinosteroid signaling. Curr Opin Plant Biol 10 (2007) 436-441
    • (2007) Curr Opin Plant Biol , vol.10 , pp. 436-441
    • Gendron, J.M.1    Wang, Z.-Y.2
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    • The BRI1-associated kinase 1, BAK1, has a brassinolide-independent role in plant cell-death control
    • The authors showed that BAK1 is a negative regulator of cell death. BAK1 mutants have enhanced runaway cell death upon bacterial infection with Pto DC3000 without changes in the disease susceptibility. However, this loss of cell death control enhances susceptibility to necrotrophic fungi. Similar to the above studies, the effects of BAK1 are brassinosteroid-independent, revealing that BAK1 controls signalling triggered by several different LRR-RLKs.
    • Kemmerling B., Schwedt A., Rodriguez P., Mazzotta S., Frank M., Qamar S.A., Mengiste T., Betsuyaku S., Parker J.E., Mussig C., et al. The BRI1-associated kinase 1, BAK1, has a brassinolide-independent role in plant cell-death control. Curr Biol 17 (2007) 1116-1122. The authors showed that BAK1 is a negative regulator of cell death. BAK1 mutants have enhanced runaway cell death upon bacterial infection with Pto DC3000 without changes in the disease susceptibility. However, this loss of cell death control enhances susceptibility to necrotrophic fungi. Similar to the above studies, the effects of BAK1 are brassinosteroid-independent, revealing that BAK1 controls signalling triggered by several different LRR-RLKs.
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    • Kemmerling, B.1    Schwedt, A.2    Rodriguez, P.3    Mazzotta, S.4    Frank, M.5    Qamar, S.A.6    Mengiste, T.7    Betsuyaku, S.8    Parker, J.E.9    Mussig, C.10
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    • BAK1 and BKK1 regulate brassinosteroid-dependent growth and brassinosteroid-independent cell-death pathways
    • This paper showed that BKK1, the closest homologue of BAK1 in the SERK family, has a redundant role in cell death and brassinosteroid signalling.
    • He K., Gou X., Yuan T., Lin H., Asami T., Yoshida S., Russell S.D., and Li J. BAK1 and BKK1 regulate brassinosteroid-dependent growth and brassinosteroid-independent cell-death pathways. Curr Biol 17 (2007) 1109-1115. This paper showed that BKK1, the closest homologue of BAK1 in the SERK family, has a redundant role in cell death and brassinosteroid signalling.
    • (2007) Curr Biol , vol.17 , pp. 1109-1115
    • He, K.1    Gou, X.2    Yuan, T.3    Lin, H.4    Asami, T.5    Yoshida, S.6    Russell, S.D.7    Li, J.8
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    • Pattern recognition receptors: from the cell surface to intracellular dynamics
    • A comprehensive review on PAMP-triggered immunity.
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