The worldwide threat of antimicrobial resistance

Current Science

Volumn 95, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 181-187

  Wise, Richard ^a  

^a CITY HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Antimicrobial resistance; Therapeutic agents; Threat

Indexed keywords

ANIMALIA; BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS);

EID: 47949087668     PISSN: 00113891     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Denning, D. W., Baily, G. G. and Hood, S. V., Azole resistance in Candida. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis., 1997, 16, 261-280.
2. Larder, B. A., Darby, G. and Richman, D. D., HIV with reduced sensitivity to zidovudine (AZT) isolated during prolonged therapy. Science, 1989, 243, 1731-1734.
3. Wise, R., Antimicrobial resistance: The microbes struggle for survival. Equine Vet. J., 2003, 35, 530-531.
4. Wise, R., The relentless rise of resistance? J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 2004 54, 306-310.
5. Darwin, C., On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, Murray, London, 1859.
6. Jones, J. S., Almost like a Whale - The Origin of Species Updated, Doubleday, London, 1999, pp. 95-99.
7. Blazquez, J., Hypermutation as a factor contributing to the acquisition of antibacterial resistance. CID, 2003, 37, 1201-1209.
8. Friedland, I. R. and McCracken, G. H., Management of infections caused by antibiotic resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. N. Engl. J. Med., 1994, 331, 337-382.
9. Ho, P. L. et al., Increasing resistance of Strep. pneumoniae to fluoroquinolones: Results of a Hong Kong multicentre study in 2000. J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 2001, 48, 659-665.
10. Fraise, A. P., Mitchell, K., O'Brien, S. J., Oldfield, K. and Wise, R., Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in nursing homes in a major UK city: An anonymised point prevalence study. Epidemiol. Infect., 1997, 118, 1-5.
11. Vandenesch, F. et al., Community-acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus carrying Panton-Valentine leukoicidin genes: Worldwide emergence. Emerg. Infect. Dis., 2003, 9, 978-984.
12. Baird, D., Extended spectrum B-lactamase producing coliforms - A new problem in a new hospital. SCIEH Wkly Rep., 2002, 36, 130-131.
13. Fenton, K. A. et al., Ciprofloxacin resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoea in England and Wales in 2002. Lancet, 2003, 361, 1867-1869.
14. House of Lords, Seventh Report of the House of Lords Select Committee on Science and Technology, Stationery Office, London, 1998.
15. MacGowan, A. P. et al., Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance. Lancet, 1998, 352, 1783.
16. Working Party Report, Antimicrobial susceptibility testing. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. Suppl 1, 2001, 48.
17. Pillay, D. and Zambon, M., Antiviral drug resistance. BMJ, 1998, 317, 660-662.
18. Harbarth, S., Harris, A. D., Carmelli, Y. and Samore, M. H., Parallel analysis of individual and aggregated data on antibiotic exposure and resistance in Gram negative bacilli. Clin. Infect. Dis., 2001, 33, 1462-1468.
19. House of Lords, Fourth Report of the House of Lords Select Committee on Science and Technology, Stationery Office, London, 2003.
20. Kaplan, S. L. et al., Decrease in invasive pneumococcal infections in children amongst children's hospitals in the United States after the introduction of the 7-valent, pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Paediatrics, 2004, 113, 443-449.
21. Winning ways, Department of Health, London, 2003.
22. Projan, S. J., Why is BigPharma getting out of antibacterial drug discovery? Curr. Opin. Microbiol., 2003, 6, 427-430.
23. White, R. J., Are the rules different for Biotech companies? In 43th ICAAC abstr., American Society for Microbiology, September 2003, p. 519.
24. Middleton, B., Uphill battle for UK Biotechs. New Sci., 2004, 181, 52-53.
25. Kollef, M. H., Optimizing antibiotic therapy in the intesive care unit setting. Crit. Care, 2001, 5,189-194.
26. Loeffler, J. M., Garbino, J., Lew, D., Harborth, S. and Rohner, P., Antibiotic consumption, bacterial resistance and their correlation in a Swiss University hospital and its adult intensive care units. Scand. J. Infect. Dis., 2003, 35, 843-850.
27. Burke, J. P., Antibiotic resistance - Squeezing the balloon? JAMA, 1999, 280, 1270-1271.
28. Kristinsson, K. G., Effect of antimicrobial use and other risk factors on antimicrobial resistance in pneumococci. Microb. Drug Resist., 1977, 3, 117-123.
29. Seppola, H., Klaukka, T., Vuo-Varkila, J., Muetiala, A., Helenius, H., Lager, K. and Huovineu, P., The effect of changes in the consumption of macrolide antibiotics on erythromycin resistance in Group A streptococci in Finland. N. Engl. J. Med., 1997, 337, 491-492.
30. Austin, D. J. and Anderson, R. M., Studies of antibiotic resistance within patient, hospitals and the community using simple mathematical models. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. B, 1999, 354, 721-738.
31. Austin, D. J., Kristinsson, K. G. and Anderson, R. M., The relationship between the volume of antimicrobial consumption in human communities and the frequency of resistance. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1999, 96, 800-801.
32. ESAC Management Team, Consumption of antibiotics in ambulatory care in Europe, 2008, http://www.esac.ua.ac.be/
33. Kendall, H. E., Holdsworth, S. and Sharland, M., GP antibiotic prescribing for children in England from 1993-2002 has fallen by 50%. In Abstr., 8th Spring Meeting, Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, York, 29 March-1 April 2004.
34. ECCMID 2004; CAAC 2003, Rasmussen and Hoby, Can. J. Microbiol., 2004, 50, 137.
35. Felmingham, D. and Gruneberg, R. N., The Alexander Project 1996-1997: Latest susceptibility data from this international study of bacterial pathogens from community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections. J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 2000, 45, 191-203.