Manual therapy and cervical arterial dysfunction, directions for the future: A clinical perspective

Journal of Manual and Manipulative Therapy

Volumn 16, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 39-48

  Kerry, Roger ^a   Taylor, Alan J ^b   Mitchell, Jeanette ^b   McCarthy, Chris ^b   Brew, John ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

^b NONE

Author keywords

Atherosclerosis; Carotid Arteries; Carotid Artery Injury; Manipulations; Manual Therapy; Physical Therapy; Risk; Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency

Indexed keywords

ANAMNESIS; ARTERIAL INSUFFICIENCY; ARTERY DISEASE; ARTERY DISSECTION; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; BRAIN BLOOD FLOW; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CAROTID ARTERY INJURY; CERVICAL ARTERIAL DYSFUNCTION; CERVICAL SPINE; CHIROPRACTIC; CLINICAL DECISION MAKING; CLINICAL FEATURE; CLINICAL PRACTICE; CRANIAL NERVE PARALYSIS; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; DISEASE ACTIVITY; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; HEADACHE; HORNER SYNDROME; HUMAN; IATROGENIC DISEASE; INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY; MANIPULATIVE MEDICINE; MEDICOLEGAL ASPECT; NECK PAIN; PATIENT IDENTIFICATION; PHYSIOTHERAPIST; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; SCREENING TEST; SYMPTOM; VERTEBROBASILAR INSUFFICIENCY;

EID: 47949087029     PISSN: 10669817     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1179/106698108790818620     Document Type: Review

References (78)

1. Gross AR, Kay T, Hondras M. Manual therapy for mechanical neck disorders: A systematic review. Man Ther 2002;7:131-149.
2. Brontfort G, Assesdelft WJ, Evans R, Haas M, Bouter L. Efficacy of spinal manipulation for chronic headache: A systematic review. J Manip Physiol Ther 2001;24:457-466.
3. Gross AR, Hoving JL, Haines JL. A Cochrane review of manipulation and mobilization for mechanical neck disorders. Spine 2004;29:1541-1548.
4. Ernst E. Adverse effects of spinal manipulation: A systematic review. J R Soc Med 2007;100:330-338.
5. Australian Physiotherapy Association. Clinical guidelines for assessing vertebrobasilar insufficiency in the management of cervical spine disorders. APA 2006;http://apa.advsol.com.au/members/documents/download/ AssessingVertebrobasilarInsuffic.pdf.
6. (AJP) AJoP. Pre-manipulative testing of the cervical spine; Forum. Aust J Physiother 2001;47:163-168.
7. Kerry R. Pre-manipulative procedures for the cervical spine: New guidelines and a time for dialectics: knowledge, risks, evidence and consent. Physiother 2002;88:417-420.
8. Haynes MJ. Stroke following cervical manipulation in Perth. Chiro J of Aust 1994;24:42-46.
9. Michaeli A. Reported occurrence and nature of complications following manipulative physiotherapy in South Africa. Aust J Physiother 1993;39:309-315.
10. Ernst E. Cerebrovascular complications associated with spinal manipulation. Phys Ther Rev 2004;9:5-15.
11. Rivett DA, Milburn P. A prospective study of complications of cervical spine manipulation. J Manip Physiol Ther 1996;4:166-170.
12. Dupeyron A, Vautravers JL, Isner-Horobeti ME. Complications following vertebral manipulation: A survey of a French region physicians. Ann de Readaptation et de Medicine Physique 2003;46:33-10.
13. Leboeuf-Yde C, Hennius B, Rudberg E, Leufvenmark P, Thunmann M. Side effects of chiropractic treatment: A prospective study. J Manip Physiol Ther 1997;20:511-515.
14. Magarey ME, Rebbeck T, Coughlan B, Grimmer K, Rivett DA, Refshauge K. Pre-manipulative testing of the cervical spine: Review, revision and new clinical guidelines. Man Ther 2004;9:95-108.
15. Nadareishvili Z, Norris JW. Stroke from traumatic arterial dissection. The Lancet 1999;354:159-160.
16. Stevinson C, Honan W, Cooke B, Ernst E. Neurological complications of cervical spine manipulation. J R Soc Med 2001;94:107-110.
17. Childs JD, Flynn TW, Fritz JM, et al. Screening for vertebrobasilar insufficiency in patients with neck pain: Manual therapy decision-making in the presence of uncertainty. J Orthop Sports Phys 2005;35:300-306.
18. rd ed. Edinburgh, UK: Churchill Livingstone, 2005.
19. Coman WB. Dizziness related to ENT conditions. In: Grieve GP, ed. Modem Manual Therapy of the Vertebral Column. Edinburgh, UK: Churchill Livingstone, 1986.
20. Arnold C, Bourassa T, Langer T, Stoneham G. Doppler studies evaluating the effect of a physical therapy screening protocol on vertebral artery blood flow. Man Ther 2004;9:13-21.
21. Li YK, Zhang YK, Lu CM, Zhong SZ. Changes and implications of the blood flow velocity of the vertebral artery during rotation and extension of the head. J Manip Physiol Ther 1999;22:91-95.
22. Licht PB, Christensen HW, Højgaard P, Høilund-Carlsen PR Triplex ultrasound of vertebral artery flow during cervical rotation. J Manip Physiol Ther 1998;21:27-31.
23. Mitchell J. Changes in vertebral artery blood flow following normal rotation of the cervical spine. J Manip Physiol Ther 2003;26:347-351.
24. Mitchell J, Keene D, Dyson C, Harvey L, Pruvey C, Phillips R. Is cervical spine rotation, as used in the standard vertebrobasilar insufficiency test, associated with a measurable change in intracranial vertebral artery blood flow? Man Ther 2004;9:220-227.
25. Refshauge KM. Rotation: A valid pre-manipulative dizziness test? Does it predict safe manipulation? J Manip Physiol Ther 1994;17:15-19.
26. Rivett DA, Milburn PD, Chappie C. Negative pre-manipulative vertebral artery testing despite complete occlusion: A case of false negativity? Man Ther 1998;3:102-107.
27. Rivett DA, Reid D. Risk of stroke for cervical spine manipulation in New Zealand. New Zeal J Phys 1998;26:14-17.
28. Rossitti S, Volkmann R. Changes of blood flow velocity indicating mechanical compression of the vertebral arteries during rotation of the head in the normal human measured with transcranial Doppler sonography. Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 1995;53:26-33.
29. Haynes MJ, Milne N. Color Duplex sonographic findings in human vertebral arteries during cervical rotation. J Clin Ultrasound 2001;29:14-24.
30. Thiel H, Wallace K, Donat J, Yong-Hing K. Effect of various head and neck positions on vertebral artery blood flow. Clin Biomech 1994;9:105-110.
31. Weingart JR, Bischoff HP. Doppler sonography of the vertebral artery with regard to head positions appropriate to manual medicine. Manuelle Medizin 1992;30:62-65.
32. Zaina C, Grant R, Johnson C, Dansie B, Taylor J, Spyropolous P. The effect of cervical rotation on blood flow in the contralateral vertebral artery. Man Ther 2003;8:103-109.
33. rd ed. Edinburgh, UK: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, 2005.
34. Kerry R, Rushton A. Decision theory in physical therapy. 14th International WCPT Congress. 2003. Barcelona, Spain.
35. Ritcher RR, Reinking MF. How does evidence on the diagnostic accuracy of the vertebral artery test influence teaching of a test in a professional physical therapist education program? Phys Ther Rev 2005;85:588-599.
36. Thiel H, Rix G. Is it time to stop functional pre-manipulative testing of the cervical spine? Man Ther 2004;10:154-158.
37. Taylor AJ, Kerry R. Neck pain and headache as a result of internal carotid artery dissection: Implications for clinicians. Man Ther 2005;10:73-77.
38. Biousse V, D'Anglejan-Chatillon J, Massiou H. Head pain in nontraumatic artery dissection: A series of 65 patients. Cephalagia 1994;14:33-36.
39. Zetterling M, Carlstrom C, Konrad P. Internal carotid artery dissection. Acta Neurol Scand 2000;101:1-7.
40. Pezzini A, Granella F, Grassi M, et al. History of migraine and the risk of spontaneous cervical artery dissection. Cephalgia 2005;25:575-580.
41. Rogalewski A, Evers S. Symptomatic hemicrania continua after internal carotid artery dissection. Headache 2005;45:167-169.
42. Arnold M, Bousser MG. Carotid and vertebral dissection. Pract Neurol 2005;5:100-109.
43. Chan CK, Paine M, O'Day J. Carotid dissection: A common cause of Horner's syndrome. Clin Exp Opthalmol 2001;29:411-415.
44. Halderman S, Kohlbeck FJ, McGregor M. Unpredictability of cerebrovascular ischemia associated with cervical spine manipulation therapy: A review of 64 cases after cervical spine manipulation. Spine 2002;27:49-55.
45. Chuang YM, Huang YC, Hu HH, Yang CY. Toward a further elucidation: Role of vertebral artery hypoplasia in acute ischemic stroke. Eur Neurol 2006;55:193-197.
46. Kaperonis EA, Liapis CD, Kakisis JD, Dimitroulis D, Papavassiliou VG. Inflammation and atherosclerosis. Eur J Endovasc Surgery 2006;31:386-393.
47. Ross R. Atherosclerosis: An inflammatory disease. New Engl J Med 1999;340:115-126.
48. Tahara N, Kai H, Nakaura H, et al. The prevalence of inflammation in carotid atherosclerosis: Analysis with fluorodeoxyglucose-posiron emission tomography. Eur Heart J 2007; ehm 245 ahead of publication.
49. Cameron JD, Cruickshank JF. Glucose, insulin, diabetes and mechanisms of arterial dysfunction. Clin Exper Pharm Phys 2007;34:677-682.
50. Grewal J, Anand S, Islam S, Lonn E. Prevalence and predictors of subclinical atherosclerosis among asymptomatic "low risk" individuals in a multiethnic population. Atherosclerosis 2007; ATH-10020 ahead of publication.
51. Hayward CS, Benetos A. Hereditary and environmental influences on arterial function. Clin Exper Pharm Phys 2007;37:658-664.
52. Kingwell B, Boutouyrie P. Genetic influences on the arterial wall. Clin Exper Pharm Phys 2007;37:652-657.
53. McEniery CM, Wilkinson IB, Avolio AP. Age, hypertension and arterial function. Clin Exper Pharm Phys 2007;37:665-671.
54. Stoll G, Bendszus M. Inflammation and atherosclerosis: Novel insights into plaque formation and destabilization. Stroke 2006;37:1923-1932.
55. Zoungas S, Asmar RP. Arterial stiffness and cardiovascular outcome. Clin Exper Pharm Phys 2007;37:647-651.
56. Jerrard-Dunne P, Markus HS, Steckel DA, Buehler A, von Kegler S, Sitzer M. Early carotid atherosclerosis and family history of vascular disease: Specific effects on arterial sites have implications for genetic studies. Atheroscler Throm Vasc Biol 2003;23:203-306.
57. Kakkos SK, Nicolaides A, Griffin M, et al. The asymptomatic carotid stenosis and risk of stroke (ACSRS) study group. Factors associated with mortality in patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis: Results from the ACSRS Study. Int Angiol 2005;24:221-230.
58. Lee EJ, Kim HJ, Bae JM. Relevance of common carotid intimamedia thickness and carotid plaque as risk factors for ischemic stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Neuroradiol 2007;28:916-919.
59. Paraskevas KI, Mikhailidis DP, Liapis CD. Internal carotid artery occlusion: Association with atherosclerotic disease in other arterial beds and vascular risk factors. Angiology 2007;58:329-335.
60. Cagnie B, Barbaix E, Vinck E, D'Herde K, Cambier D. Atherosclerosis in the vertebral artery: An intrinsic risk factor in the use of spinal manipulation? Surg Radiol Anat 2006;28:129-134.
61. Canyigit M, Arat A, Cil BE, et al. Distal embolization after stenting of the vertebral artery: Diffusion-weighted MRI findings. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2007;30:189-195.
62. Dickerman RD, Reynolds A, East JW. The vertebral artery: Know the high risk patients. Surg Radiol Anat 2006;28:129-134.
63. Koch S, Amir M, Rabinstein AA, Reyes-Iglesia YR, Romano JG, Forteza A. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in symptomatic vertebrobasilar atherosclerosis and dissection. Arch Neurol 2005;62:1228-1231.
64. Mitchell J. Vertebral artery atherosclerosis: A risk factor in the use of manipulative therapy? Physio Res Int 2002;7:122-135.
65. Caso V, Paciaroni M, Bogousslavsky J. Environmental factors and cervical artery dissection: Front. Neurol Neurosci 2005;20:44-53.
66. Garg A, Gaikwar SB, Kanodia A, Suri A, Gupta V, Mishralf NK. Positional occlusion/stasis of vertebral arteries in a case of cervical rheumatoid arthritis presenting with multiple posterior circulation infarcts. Spine 2004;29:E321-325.
67. Tominaga T, Takahashi T, Shimizu H ,Yoshimoto T. Rotational vertebral artery occlusion from occipital bone anomaly: A rare cause of embolic stroke. J Neurosurg 2002;97:1456-1459.
68. Voile E, Montazem A. MRI video diagnosis and surgical therapy of soft tissue trauma to the cervical junction. Ear Nose Throat J 2001;80:41-44.
69. Yamazaki M, Okawa A, Aramoni MA, Hasimoto M, Masaki Y, Koda M. Fenestration of vertebral artery at the craniovertebral junction in Down syndrome: A case report. Spine 2004;29:E551-554.
70. Bartels E. Dissection of the extracranial vertebral artery: Clinical findings and early non-invasive diagnosis in 24 patients. J Neuroimaging 2006;16:24-33.
71. Kerry R, Taylor AJ. Cervical arterial dysfunction assessment and manual therapy. Man Ther 2006;11:243-253.
72. Kerry R, Taylor AJ. Headache and neck pain: A sign of underlying vascular pathology? In Touch 2006;114:2-8.
73. Mitchell J. Is mechanical deformation of the suboccipital vertebral artery during cervical spine rotation responsible for vertebrobasilar insufficiency? Physio Res Int 2007a; http://www.interscience.wiky.com, DOI: 10.1002/pri.370 [May 15 2007].
74. Mitchell J. Doppler insonation of vertebral artery blood flow changes associated with cervical spine rotation: Implications for manual therapists. Physio Theo Prac 2007b; in press.
75. Rivett DA, Sharpies KJ, Milburn PD. Effect of pre-manipulative tests on vertebral artery and internal carotid artery blood flow: A pilot study. J Manip Physiol Ther 1999;22:368-375.
76. Licht PB, Christensen HW, Hoilund-Carlsen PF. Vertebral artery volume flow in human beings. J Manip Physiol Ther 1999;22:363-367.
77. Licht PB, Christensen HW, Hoilund-Carlsen PF. Is there a role for pre-manipulative testing before cervical manipulation? J Manip Physiol Ther 2000;23:175-179.
78. Licht PB, Christensen HW, Hoilund-Carlsen PF. Carotid artery blood flow during pre-manipulative testing. J Manip Physiol Ther 2002;25:568-572.