Is cervical spine rotation, as used in the standard vertebrobasilar insufficiency test, associated with a measureable change in intracranial vertebral artery blood flow?

Manual Therapy

Volumn 9, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 220-227

  Mitchell, Jeanette ^a,f   Keene, David ^b   Dyson, Craig ^c   Harvey, Lyndsay ^d   Pruvey, Christopher ^e   Phillips, Rita ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF THE WEST OF ENGLAND   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS BRISTOL NHS FOUNDATION TRUST   (United Kingdom)

^c ABERTAWE BRO MORGANNWG UNIVERSITY HEALTH BOARD   (United Kingdom)

^d GLOUCESTERSHIRE HOSPITALS NHS FOUNDATION TRUST   (United Kingdom)

^e HOMERTON UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^f UNIVERSITY OF WYOMING   (United States)

Author keywords

Cervical spine rotation; VBI test; Vertebral artery blood flow

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTERY BLOOD FLOW; ARTICLE; BRAIN BLOOD VESSEL; CERVICAL SPINE; FEMALE; HUMAN; JOINT FUNCTION; NORMAL HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RHOMBENCEPHALON; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SPINE MOBILITY; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE; VERTEBRAL ARTERY; VERTEBROBASILAR INSUFFICIENCY;

ADULT; BLOOD FLOW VELOCITY; CERVICAL VERTEBRAE; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MANIPULATION, SPINAL; RANGE OF MOTION, ARTICULAR; REFERENCE VALUES; REGIONAL BLOOD FLOW; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; ROTATION; STRESS, MECHANICAL; ULTRASONOGRAPHY, DOPPLER, COLOR; VERTEBRAL ARTERY;

EID: 7544223980     PISSN: 1356689X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.math.2004.03.005     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Aaslid R. Transcranial Doppler sonography. 1986;Springer, Wien
2. Barker S., Kesson M., Ashmore J., Turner G., Conway J., Stevens D. Guidance for pre-manipulative testing of the cervical spine. Manual Therapy. 5(1):2000;37-40
3. Bazzocchi M., Quaia E., Zuiani C., Moroldo M.L. Transcranial Doppler. state of the art European Journal of Radiology. 27:1998;141-148
4. Brautaset N.J. Provokable bilateral vertebral artery compression diagnosed with transcranial Doppler. Stroke. 23:1992;288-291
5. di Fabio RP.■ ■ ■ 1996.
6. di Fabio R.P. Manipulation of the cervical spine. risks and benefits Physical Therapy. 79(1):1999;50-65
7. Domholdt E. Physical therapy research. principles and applications:2000;WB Saunders, New York
8. Dunne J. Pre-manipulative testing: predicting risk or pretending to? AJP forum. pre-manipulative testing of the cervical spine Australian Journal of Physiotherapy. 47:2001;165
9. Easton J.D., Sherman D.G. Cervical manipulation and stroke. Stroke. 8:1977;594-597
10. Fast A., Zinicola D.F., Marin E.L. Vertebral artery damage complicating cervical manipulation. Spine. 12:1987;840-844
11. Fujioka K., Douville C. Anatomy and freehand examination techniques. Newell D.W., Aaslid R. Transcranial Doppler. 1992;Raven Press Ltd, New York
12. Ganong W. Review of medical physiology. 1997;Appleton & Lange, Stamford, Connecticut
13. Grant R. Vertebral artery testing - the Australian physiotherapy association protocol after 6 years. Manual Therapy. 1:1996;149-153
14. Grant R. Premanipulative testing of the cervical spine - reappraisal and update. Grant R. Physical therapy of the cervical and thoracic spine. 3rd ed.:2002;Churchill Livingstone, New York
15. Gross A.R., Kay T.M., Kennedy C., Gasner D., Hurley L., Yardley K., Hendry L., McLaughlin L. Clinical practice guidelines on the use of manipulation or mobilization in the treatment of adults with mechanical neck disorders. Manual Therapy. 7(4):2002;193-205
16. Haynes M., Hart R., McGeachie J. Vertebral arteries and neck rotation. Doppler velocimeter interexaminer reliability Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology. 26(8):2000;1363-1367
17. Haynes M.J., Milne N. Color duplex sonographic findings in human vertebral arteries during cervical rotation. Journal of Clinical Ultrasound. 29(1):2001;14-24
18. Hicks C. Research methods for clinical therapists. applied project design and analysis:1999;Churchill Livingstone, London
19. Johnson C., Grant R., Dansie B., Taylor J., Spyropolous P. Measurement of blood flow in the vertebral artery using colour duplex Doppler ultrasound. establishment of the reliability of selected parameters Manual Therapy. 5(1):2000;21-29
20. Johnson C.P., Scraggs M., How T., Burns J. A necropsy and histomorphometric study of abnormalities in the course of the vertebral artery associated with ossified stylohyoid ligaments. Journal of Clinical Pathology. 48:1995;637-640
21. Kanshepolsky J., Danielson H., Flynn R.E. Vertebral artery insufficiency and cerebral infarct due to manipulation of the neck. Bulletin of the Los Angeles Neurological Society. 37:1972;62-66
22. Kaps M., Seidel G., Bauer T., Behrmann B. Imaging of the intracranial vertebrobasilar system using color-coded ultrasound. Stroke. 23:1992;1577-1582
23. Kuether T.A., Nesbit G.M., Clark W.M., Barnwell S.L. Rotational vertebral artery occlusion. a mechanism of vertebrobasilar insufficiency Neurosurgery. 41(2):1997;427-432
24. Li Y.K., Zhang Y.K., Lu C.M., Zhong S.Z. Changes and Implications of the blood flow velocity of the vertebral artery during rotation and extension of the head. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics. 22(2):1999;91-95
25. Libby P. Changing concepts of atherogenesis. Stroke. 247:2000;349-358
26. Licht P.B., Christensen H.W., Hojgaard P., Hoilund-Carlsen P.F. Triplex ultrasound of vertebral artery flow during cervical rotation. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics. 21(1):1998;27-31
27. Magarey M., Coughlan B., Rebbeck T. APA pre-manipulative testing protocol for the cervical spine. researched and renewed part II - revised clinical guidelines Singer K. Proceedings of the Seventh Scientific Conference of the IFOMT. 2000;University of Western Australia, Perth
28. Maher C. AJP forum. pre-manipulative testing of the cervical spine Australian Journal of Physiotherapy. 47:2001;163-164
29. Mann T., Refshauge K.M. Causes of complications from cervical spine manipulation. Australian Journal of Physiotherapy. 47:2001;255-266
30. Mitchell J. Changes in vertebral artery blood flow following normal rotation of the cervical spine. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics. 26(6):2003;347-351
31. Mitchell J., McKay A. Comparison of left and right vertebral artery intracranial diameters. The Anatomical Record. 242:1995;350-354
32. Refshauge K.M. Rotation. a valid premanipulative dizziness test? Does it predict safe manipulation? Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics. 17(1):1994;15-19
33. Refshauge K.M., Parry S., Shirley D., Larsen D., Rivett D.A., Boland R. Professional responsibility in relation to cervical spine manipulation. Australian Journal of Physiotherapy. 48:2002;171-185
34. Rivett D.A., Milburn P.D., Chapple C. Negative pre-manipulative vertebral artery testing despite occlusion. a case of false negativity? Manual Therapy. 3(2):1998;102-107
35. Rivett D.A., Sharples K.J., Milburn P.D. Effect of premanipulative tests on vertebral artery and internal carotid artery blood flow. a pilot study Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics. 22(6):1999;368-375
36. Ross R. Atherosclerosis - an inflammatory disease. New England Journal of Medicine. 340:1999;115-126
37. Rossitti S., Volkmann R. Changes of blood flow velocity indicating mechanical compression of the vertebral arteries during rotation of the head in the normal human measured with transcranial Doppler sonography. Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria. 53(1):1995;26-33
38. Rossitti S., Volkmann R., Lofgren J. Changes of blood flow velocity in the vertebro-basilar circulation during rotation of the head in the normal human. Biomechanics Seminar. 6:1992;92-99
39. Scheel P., Ruge C., Schoning M. Flow velocity and flow volume measurements in the extracranial carotid and vertebral arteries in healthy adults. reference data and the effects of age Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology. 26:2000;1261-1266
40. Schoning M., Walter J. Evaluation of the vertebrobasilar-posterior system by transcranial color duplex sonography in adults. Stroke. 23:1992;1280-1286
41. Schoning M., Walter J., Scheel P. Estimation of cerebral blood flow through color duplex sonography of the carotid and vertebral arteries in healthy adults. Stroke. 25:1994;17-22
42. Smith R.A., Estridge M.N. Neurologic complications of head and neck manipulations. Journal of the American Medical Association. 182:1962;528-531
43. Taylor K, Burns P, Wells P, editor. Clinical applications of Doppler ultrasound. New York: Raven Press Ltd; 1995.
44. Terenzi T., di Fabio D. The role of transcranial Doppler sonography in the identification of patients at risk of cerebral and brainstem ischemia. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics. 19(6):1996;406-414
45. Theil H. Gross morphology and pathoanatomy of the vertebral arteries. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics. 14(2):1991;133-141
46. Theil H., Wallace K., Donat J., Yong-Hing K. Effect of various head and neck positions on vertebral artery blood flow. Clinical Biomechanics. 9:1994;105-110
47. Trattnig S., Hubsch P., Schuster H., Polzleitner D. Color-coded Doppler imaging of normal vertebral arteries. Stroke. 21:1990;1222-1225
48. Zaina C., Grant R., Johnson C., Dansie B., Taylor J., Spyropolous P. The effect of cervical rotation on blood flow in the contralateral vertebral artery. Manual Therapy. 8(2):2003;103-109