Yūsuf al-'Uyairī and the making of a revolutionary salafi praxis

Welt des Islams

Volumn 47, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 422-459

  Meijer, Roel ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 47949084477     PISSN: 00432539     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1163/157006007783237419     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Bruce Lawrence (ed.), Messages to the World. The Statements of Osama bin Laden (London: Verso, 2005)
2. and Fawaz A. Gerges, The Far Enemy. Why Jihad Went Global (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005)
3. See also François Bur gat and Muhammad Sbitli, "Les Salafis au Yémen...la modernisation malgré tout", in: Chroniques Yéménites, 10, http://cy.revaes.org/document137.html.2002 (accessed 10 May 2007)
4. Recently more attention has been paid to Jihadi Salafist intellectual background. See, Thomas Hegghammer, "Global Jihadism after the Iraq War", in: Middle East Journal, 60, 1 (Winter 2006), pp. 11-32
5. For an analysis of earlier forms of Salafism see Thomas Hegghammer and Stéphane Lacroix, "Rejectionist Islamism in Saudi Arabia. The Story of Juhayman al-'Utaybi Revisited", in: IJMES 39, 1 (2007), pp. 103-122
6. Much of the research on the intellectual background is of a strategic nature and is geared to finding the underlying strategic aims and methods Jihadi Salafi thinkers propagate in their works. See for instance the translation of Abu Bakr Naji's Idāra al-tawahhush, Akhtar marhala satamarra bihi al-umma by William McCants, The Management of Savagery: The Most Critical Stage through which the Unima Will Pass (John M. Olin Institute for Strategic Studies, Harvard University', 2006): http://www/ctc/usma.edu/Management-of-Savagery.pdf (accessed June 18, 2007)
7. See for instance Bernard Lewis, What Went Wrong? Western Impact and Middle Eastern Response (London: Phoenix, 2002)
8. Roxanne L. Euben, Enemy in the Mirror. Islamic Fundamentalism and the Limits of Modern Rationalism. A Work of Comparative Political Theory (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1999)
9. and Paul Berman, Terror and Liberalism (New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2004)
10. Olivier Roy, Globalised Islam. The Search for a New Umma (London: Hurst & Company, 2004)
11. and Faisal Devji, Landscapes of Jihad. Militancy, Morality, Modernity (London: Hurst & Company, 2005)
12. Jason Burke, Al Qaeda. Casting a Shadow of Terror (London: LB. Tauris, 2003), p. 82
13. Olivier Roy, Globalised Islam, p. 50
14. See for an excellent compilation of this approach, Quentan Wiktorowicz (ed.), Islamic Activism. A Social Movement Theory Approach (Bloomington: Indiana University' Press, 2004)
15. See Quentan Wiktorowicz, "Introduction: Islamic Activism and Social Movement Theory", in: Islamic Activism. A Social Movement Theory Approach, ed. Quentan Wiktorowicz (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2004), pp. 1-33
16. and Hegghammer "Global Jihadism", p. 16. This designation, however, neglects 'Uyairī's non-strategic works and his worldview in which his strategy nrust be located to give it meaning
17. See for a good review of the concept praxis, Alfred Schmidt, "Praxis", in: Gesellschaft. Beiträge zur Marxschen Theorie, Part 2, eds. H.G Backhaus et. al (Frankfurt: Suhrkamp, 1974), pp. 264-308
18. Sidney Tarrow, Power in Movement: Social Movements and Contentious Politics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998), p. 4
19. Gwen Okruhlik, "Networks of Dissent: Islamism and Reform in Saudi Arabia", http://www.ssrc.org/sept/11/essays/okruhlik-Uxt-only.htm (10 May 2007)
20. Gwen Okruhlik, "Understanding Political Dissent in Saudi Arabia", in: Middle East Report Online, October 24, 2001 http://www.merip.org/mero102401.html (10 May 2007)
21. Toby Jones, "Violence and the Illusion of Reform in Saudi Arabia", http://www.merip.org/mero/mero111303.html (10 May 2007)
22. Toby Jones, "Seeking a 'Social Contract' for Saudi Arabia", in: Middle East Report 228, (Fall 2003), http://www.merip.org/mer/mer228/228-Jones. html (30 April 2007)
23. For the exception, see especially the outstanding work of Madawi Al-Rasheed, Contesting the Saudi State. Islamic Voices from a New Generation (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007)
24. See also my article, "The 'Cycle of Contention' and the Limits of Terrorism in Saudi Arabia", in: Saudi Arabia in the Balance. Political Economy, Society, Foreign Affairs, eds. Paul Aarts and Gerd Bauman (London: Hurst & Company, 2005), pp. 271-311
25. See more on framing, David A. Snow and Robert D. Benford, "Ideology, Frame Resonance, and Participant Mobilization", in: International Social Movement Research, 1 (1988), pp. 197-217
26. Quentan Wiktorowicz, "Framing Jihad: Intramovement Framing Contests and al-Qaeda's Struggle for Sacred Authority", in: International Review of Social History, 49, Supplement 12 (2004), pp. 159-177
27. Sidney Tarrow, Power in Movement, Chapter 7, "Framing Contention", pp. 106-122
28. There are parallels with Mau Zedong's concept of praxis, which is also an adaptation of those of Lenin's to the local circumstances. See "On Practice", in: The Political Thought of Man Tse-Tung, ed. Stuart R. Schram (New York: Frederick A. Preager, 1969), pp. 190-194
29. Wiktorowicz, "Anatomy of the Salafi Movement", in: Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 29 (2006), pp. 207-239
30. Fāris bin Hazzārn, "Qissat ta'sīs al-Qā'ida fī al-Sa'ūdiyya", Part I (The story of the founding of al-Qaida in Saudi Arabiyya), in: al-Riyād, 27 September 2005
31. Fāris bin Hazzām, "Qissat ta'sīs al-Qā'ida fī al-Sa'ūdiyya", Part II, in: al-Riyād, 6 October 2005
32. Risāla min Yūsuf al- 'Uyairī, ahad al- matlūbīn al-tis'a 'ashar ilā'umūm al-muslimīn (Letter from Yūsuf al-'Uyairī, one of the List of 19, to the Muslims, published in 2003)
33. Risāla maftūha ila shaykh Safar al-Hawālī (Open letter to Shaykh Safar al-Hawāli), p. 10
34. al-'Irāq wa-l-Jazīra al-'Arabiyya, p. 16
35. Thawābit 'alā darb al-jihād (The principles of jihād) (No date), pp. 41f
36. Tawājud al-Amrīka fī al-Jazīra al-'Arabiyya: Haqīqa wa-ahdāf (The presence of America in the Arabian Peninsula: Truth and Goals) (No date), pp. 16ff
37. al-'Iraq wa-l-Jazīra al-Arabiyya, pp. 28f
38. Tawājud al-Amrīka, pp. 1-24
39. Tawājud al-Amrīka, p. 15
40. Hasan Farhān al-Mālikī wa zahira naqd usūl al-shar 'iyya (Hasan Farhān al-Mālikī and the phenomenon of the critique of the roots of legitimacy) (No date)
41. See for a broader analysis of the discourse of authenticity and Islam, Raymond W. Baker, Islam without Fear. Egypt and the New Islamists (Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press, 2003)
42. Hasan Farhān al-Māliki, p. 26
43. For a general overview of the movement in the 1990s, see Mamoun Fandy, Saudi Arabia and the Polities of Dissent (New York: Palgrave, 1999)
44. and Joshua Teitelbaum, Holier than Thou: Saudi Arabia's Islamic Opposition (Washington DC: The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 2000)
45. Toby Craig Jones, "The Clerics, the Sahwa and the Saudi State", in: Strategic Insights, 4, 3 (March 2005): http://www.ccc.nps.navy.mil/si/2005/ mar/JonesMar05.asp (accessed May 2007)
46. Risāla maftūha, p. 2
47. Mā hākadhā al-adl, p. 1
48. Risāla niaftāha, p. 21f
49. Safar al-Hawālī, Bayān li-l-umma 'an al-ahdāth (accessed on the website of Safar al-Hawālī May 2006)
50. Munāsahat Salmān al-'Awda, p. 4
51. For a comparison with the Bolshevik Party and Lenin's concept of the vanguard, which also has origins in sectarian Christian origins and community of faith, see Michael Burleigh, Sacred Causes. Religion and Politics from European Dictators to Al Qaeda (London: Harper Press, 2006), pp. 75-86
52. Farhad Khosrokhavar, Suicide Bombers. Allah!s New Martyrs, trans. David Macey (London: Pluto Press, 2005), p. 44
53. and Faisal Devji, Landscapes of Jihad, for this aspect of Jihadi Salafism
54. See al-Rasheed, Contesting the Saudi State, chapter 1, "Consenting Subjects: Official Wahhabi religio-political Discourse", pp. 22-58
55. Hasan Farhān al-Mālikī p. 51
56. See also this argument in Tasā'ulāt, pp. 6f
57. Hal intiharat Hawwā', p. 24
58. Hal intaharat Hawwā', p. 2