Dissociative identity disorder and prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex

Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment

Volumn 4, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 653-662

  Dale, Karl Yngvar ^a,c   Flaten, Magne Arve ^a   Elden, Åke ^a   Holte, Arne ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TROMSØ   (Norway)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OSLO   (Norway)

^c NONE   (Norway)

Author keywords

DID; Dissociation; Habituation; PPI; Startle

Indexed keywords

ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; ANXIOLYTIC AGENT; CENTRAL STIMULANT AGENT; HYPNOTIC AGENT; NEUROLEPTIC AGENT; THYROID HORMONE;

ACOUSTIC REFLEX; ADULT; ALERTNESS; AROUSAL; ARTICLE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISSOCIATIVE DISORDER; FEMALE; HABITUATION; HUMAN; MALADJUSTMENT; MALE; MOOD; MULTIPLE PERSONALITY; PREPULSE INHIBITION; SELECTIVE ATTENTION; STARTLE REFLEX; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE; TASK PERFORMANCE;

EID: 47849131035     PISSN: 11766328     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s3006     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Allen JJ, Movius HL. 2000. The objective assessment of amnesia in dissociative identity disorder using event-related potentials. Int J Psychophysiol, 38:21-41.
2. [APA American Psychiatric Association. 1994. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders 4th ed. Washington DC: American Psychiatric Press.
3. Bernstein EM, Putnam FW. 1986. Development reliability and validity of a dissociation scale. J Nerv Ment Dis, 174:727-35.
4. Blake DD, Weathers FE, Nagy LM, et al. 1997. Clinician-administered PTSD scale for DSM-IV Current and lifetime diagnostic version. National Center for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder.
5. Blumenthal TD, Elden Å, Flaten MA. 2004. A comparison of several methods used to quantify prepulse inhibition of eyeblink responding. Psychophysiol, 41:326-32.
6. Blumenthal TD, Flaten MA. 1994. Selective effects of attentional direction on the startle reflex at different stages of processing. Psychobiol, 22:338-46.
7. Bond A, Lader M. 1974. The use of analogue scales in rating subjective feelings Br J Med Psychol, 47:211-18. Boon S, Drajer N. 1993. Multiple personality disorder in the Netherlands: a clinical investigation of 71 patients. Am J Psychiatry, 150:489-94.
8. Braff DL, Geyer MA, Swerdlow NR. 2001. Human studies of prepulse inhibition of startle: Normal subjects patient groups and pharmacological studies. Psychopharmacology, 156:234-58.
9. Butler RW, Braff DL, Rausch JL, et al. 1990. Physiological evidence of exaggerated startle response in a subgroup of Vietnam veterans with combat-related PTSD. Am J Psychiatry, 147:1308-12.
10. Davidson JRT, Stein DJ, Shalev AY, et al. 2004. Posttraumatic stress disorder: Acquisition recognition course and treatment. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci, 16:135-47.
11. Davis M, Schlesinger LS, Sorenson CA. 1989. Temporal specificity of fear conditioning: Effects of different conditioned stimulus-unconditioned stimulus intervals on the fear-potentiated startle effect. J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process, 15:295-310.
12. Dawson ME, Schell AM, Swerdlow NR, et al. 1997. Cognitive clinical and neurophysiological implications of startle modification. In: Lang PJ, Simons RF, Balaban M (eds). Attention and orienting. London: Lawrence Erlbaum, pp. 257-79.
13. Dubester KA, Braun BG. 1995. Psychometric properties of the Dissociative Experience Scale. J Nerv Ment Dis, 183:231-5.
14. Ebner-Priemer UW, Badeck S, Beckmann C, et al. 2005. Affective dysregulation and dissociative experience in female patients with borderline personality disorder: a startle response study. J Psychiatr Res, 39:85-92.
15. Elden Å, Flaten MA. 2002. The relationship of automatic and controlled processing to prepulse inhibition. J Psychophysiol, 16:46-55.
16. Elden Å, Flaten MA. 2003. Similar effects of attention directed to acoustic and tactile stimuli on prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle. Scand J Psychol, 44:363-72.
17. Filion DL, Dawson ME, Schell AM. 1998. The psychological significance of human startle eyeblink modification: a review. Biol Psychol, 47:1-43.
18. Flaten MA, Nordmark E, Elden Å. 2005. Effects of background noise on the human startle reflex and prepulse inhibition. Psychophysiol, 42:298-305.
19. Gleaves DH, May MC, Cardena E. 2001. An examination of the diagnostic validity of dissociative identity disorder. Clin Psychol Rev, 21:577-608.
20. Graham FK. 1975. The more or less startling effects of weak prestimulation Psychophysiol, 12:238-48.
21. Greaves GB. 1980. Multiple personality 165 years after Mary Reynolds. J Nerv Ment Dis, 168:577-96.
22. Griffin MG, Resick PA, Mechanic MB. 1997. Objective assessment of peritraumatic dissociation: Psychophysiological indicators. Am J Psychiatry, 154:1081-8.
23. Grillon C, Morgan CA, Southwick SM, et al. 1996. Baseline startle amplitude and prepulse inhibition in Vietnam veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychiatry Res, 64:169-78.
24. Groves PM, Thompson RF. 1970. Habituation: A dual process theory. Psychol Rev, 77:419-50.
25. Hamm AO, Cuthbert BN, Globisch J, et al. 1997. Fear and the startle reflex: Blink modulation and autonomic response patterns in animal and mutilation fearful subjects. Psychophysiol, 34:97-107.
26. Heekeren K, Meincke U, Geyer MA, et al. 2004. Attentional modulation of prepulse inhibition: a new startle paradigm. Neuropsychobiology, 49:88-93.
27. Jovanovic T, Szilagyi S,Chakravorty S, et al. 2004. Menstrual cycle effects on prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle. Psychophysiol, 41:401-6.
28. Kirby JS, Chu JA, Dill DL. 1993. Correlates of dissociative symptomatology in patients with physical and sexual abuse histories. Compr Psychiatry, 34:258-63.
29. Kirino E. 2006. P300 is attenuated during dissociative episodes. J Nerv Ment Dis, 194:83-90.
30. Ladwig KH, Marten-Mittag B, Deisenhofer I, et al. 2002. Psychophysiological correlates of peritraumatic dissociative responses in survivors of life-threatening cardiac events. Psychopathology, 35:241-8.
31. Meehl PE, Golden R. 1982. Taxometric methods. In: Kendall P, Butcher J (eds). Handbook of research methods in clinical psychology. New York: Wiley, pp. 127-81.
32. Nijenhuis ERS, Vanderlinden J, Spinhoven P. 1998. Animal defensive reactions as a model for trauma-induced dissociative reactions. J Trauma Stress, 11:243-60.
33. Orr SP, Metzger LJ, Pitman RK. 2002. Psychophysiology of post-traumatic stress Disorder. Psychiatr Clin North Am, 25:271-93.
34. Perry BD, Pollard R. 1990. Homeostasis stress trauma and adaptation: A neurodevelopmental view of childhood trauma. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am, 7:33-52.
35. Reinders AATS, Nijenhuis ERS, Paans AMJ, et al. 2003. One brain two selves Neuroimage, 20:2119-25.
36. Sasaki H, Hanamoto A. 2007. Shock sensitization and fear potentiation of auditory startle response in hamsters. Percept Mot Skills, 105:862-71.
37. Steinberg M. 1995. Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV dissociative disorders SCID-D. Oslo: Norsk Psykologforening.
38. van der Kolk BA, van der Hart O, Marmar CR. 1996. Dissociation and information processing in postraumatic stress disorder. In: van der Kolk BA, McFarlane AC, Weisaeth L (eds). Traumatic stress: The effects of overwhelming experience on mind body and society. New York: Guilford Press.
39. Waller NG, Putnam FW, Carlson EB. 1996. Types of dissociation and dissociative types: A taxometric analysis of dissociative experiences. Psychol Methods, 1:300-21.
40. Williams CL, Haines J, Sale IM. 2003. Psychophysiological correlates of dissociation in a case of dissociative identity disorder. J Trauma Dissociation, 4:101-17.