A case-controlled retrospective study of the causes and implications of moderate to severe leukocytosis in dogs in South Africa

Veterinary Clinical Pathology

Volumn 37, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 164-172

  Weltan, Sandra M ^a   Leisewitz, Andrew L ^b   Goddard, Amelia ^b  

^a Cape Animal Medical Centre   (South Africa)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA   (South Africa)

Author keywords

Dog; Hypoalbuminemia; Lymphocytosis; Monocytosis; Neutrophilia; Thrombocytopenia

Indexed keywords

GLUCOCORTICOID;

ANIMAL; ANIMAL DISEASE; ARTICLE; CASE CONTROL STUDY; COMMUNICABLE DISEASE; DOG; DOG DISEASE; FEMALE; LEUKOCYTOSIS; MALE; PATHOLOGY; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; SOUTH AFRICA;

ANIMALS; CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; COMMUNICABLE DISEASES; DOG DISEASES; DOGS; FEMALE; GLUCOCORTICOIDS; LEUKOCYTOSIS; MALE; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; SOUTH AFRICA;

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); CANIS FAMILIARIS;

EID: 47649089280     PISSN: 02756382     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-165X.2008.00037.x     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Stockham SL, Keeton KS, Szladovits B. Clinical assessment of leukocytosis: distinguishing leukocytoses caused by inflammatory, glucocorticoid, physiologic, and leukemic disorders or conditions. Vet Clin N Am Small Anim Pract. 2003;33:1335-1357.
2. Lappin MR, Latimer KS. Hematuria and extreme neutrophilic leukocytosis in a dog with renal tubular carcinoma. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1988;192:1289-1292.
3. Gaunt SD. Extreme neutrophilic leukocytosis. In: Feldman BF, Zinkl JG, Jain NC, eds. Schalm's Veterinary Hematology. Philidelphia: Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins; 2000:347-349.
4. Stockham SL, Scott MA. Leukocytes. In: Stockham SL, Scott MA, eds. Fundamentals of Clinical Pathology. Ames, IA: Blackwell; 2002:49-83.
5. Hasegawa T, Fujii M, Fukada T, et al. Platelet abnormalities in a dog suffering from gangrenous mastitis by Staphylococcus aureus infection. J Vet Med Sci. 1993;55:169-171.
6. de Laforcade AM, Freeman LM, Shaw SP, Brooks MB, Rozanski EA, Rush JE. Hemostatic changes in dogs with naturally occurring sepsis. J Vet Intern Med. 2003;17:674-679.
7. Lucroy MD, Madewell BR. Clinical outcome and diseases associated with extreme neutrophilic leukocytosis in cats: 104 cases (1991-1999). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2001;218:736-739.
8. Lobetti RG. Leukaemoid response in two dogs with Babesia canis infection. J S Afr Vet Assoc. 1995;66:182-184.
9. Jacobson LS. The South African form of severe and complicated canine babesiosis: clinical advances 1994-2004. Vet Parasitol. 2006;138:126-139.
10. Kettner F, Reyers F, Miller D. Thrombocytopaenia in canine babesiosis and its clinical usefulness. J S Afr Vet Assoc. 2003;74:63-68.
11. McKee LC Jr. Excess leukocytosis (leukemoid reactions) associated with malignant diseases. South Med J. 1985;78:1475-1482.
12. Mukhopadhyay S, Mukhopadhyay S, Banki K, Mahajan S. Leukemoid reaction: a diagnostic clue in metastatic carcinoma mimicking classic Hodgkin lymphoma. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2004;128:1445-1447.
13. Madewell BR, Wilson DW, Hornof WJ, Gregory CR. Leukemoid blood response and bone infarcts in a dog with renal tubular adenocarcinoma. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1990;197:1623-1625.
14. Peelers D, Clercx C, Thiry A, et al. Resolution of paraneoplastic leukocytosis and hypertrophic osteopathy after resection of a renal transitional cell carcinoma producing granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in a young bull terrier. J Vet Intern Med. 2001;15:407-411.
15. Chinn DR, Myers RK, Matthews JA. Neutrophilic leukocytosis associated with metastatic flbrosarcoma in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1985;186:806-809.
16. Lucroy MD, Madewell BR. Clinical outcome and associated diseases in dogs with leukocytosis and neutrophilia: 118 cases (1996-1998). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1999;214:805-807.
17. Hess RS, Saunders HM, Van Winkle TJ, Shofer FS, Washabau RJ. Clinical, clinicopathologic, radiographic, and ultrasonographic abnormalities in dogs with fatal acute pancreatitis: 70 cases (1986-1995). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1998;213:665-670.
18. Carr AP, Panciera DL, Kidd L. Prognostic factors for mortality and thromboembolism in canine immune-mediated hemolytic anemia: a retrospective study of 72 dogs. J Vet Intern Med. 2002;16:504-509.
19. Cohn LA, Rewerts JM, McCaw D, Boon GD, Wagner-Mann C, Lothrop CD. Plasma granulocyte colony-stimulating factor concentrations in neutropenic, parvoviral enteritis-infected puppies. J Vet Intern Med. 1999;13:581-586.
20. Rewerts JM, McCaw DL, Cohn LA, Wagner-Mann C, Harrington D. Recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor for treatment of puppies with neutropenia secondary to canine parvovirus infection. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1998;213:991-992.
21. Latimer KS, Rakich PM. Clinical interpretation of leukocyte responses. Vet Clin N Am Small Anim Pract. 1989;19:637-668.
22. Castillo R, Diaz JW, Veloso A, Gavilondo J. Leukemoid reaction induced by different transplantable tumors in three inbred mouse strains. Neoplasma. 1982;29:73-79.
23. Suzuki A, Takahashi T, Okuno Y, et al. Liver damage in patients with colony-stimulating factor-producing tumors. Am J Med. 1993;94:125-132.
24. Asano S, Urabe A, Okabe T, Sato N, Kondo Y. Demonstration of granulopoietic factor(s) in the plasma of nude mice transplanted with a human lung cancer and in the tumor tissue. Blood. 1977;49:845-852.
25. Jacobson LS, Clark LA. The pathophysiology of canine babesiosis: new approaches to an old puzzle. J S Afr Vet Assoc. 1994;65:134-145.
26. Kohn B, Engelbrecht R, Leibold W, Giger U. Clinical findings, diagnostics and treatment results in primary and secondary immune-mediated thrombocytopenia in the dog. Kleintierpraxis. 2000;45:893-907.
27. Welzl C, Leisewitz AL, Jacobson LS, Vaughan-Scott T, Myburgh E. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multiple-organ damage/dysfunction in complicated canine babesiosis. J S Afr Vet Assoc. 2001;72:158-162.
28. McManus PM, Craig LE. Correlation between leukocytosis and necropsy findings in dogs with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia: 34 cases (1994-1999). J Am Vet. Med Assoc. 2001;218:1308-1313.
29. Lobetti RG, Reyers F, Nesbit JW. The comparative role of haemoglobinaemia and hypoxia in the development of canine babesial nephropathy. J S Afr Vet Assoc. 1996;67:188-198.
30. Moore DJ, Williams MC. Disseminated intravascular coagulation: a complication of Babesia canis infection in the dog. J S Afr Vet Assoc. 1979;50:265-275.
31. Scheepers E, Leisewitz AL, Christopher MM, Thompson P. The haematological kinetics of canine babesiosis. Proceedings of the 17th ECVIM-CA Congress, Budapest, Hungary, September 12-15, 2007;233.
32. Jacques D, Cauzinille L, Bouvy B, Dupre G. A retrospective study of 40 dogs with polyarthritis. Vet Surg. 2002;31:428-434.
33. White SD, Rosychuk RA, Stewart LJ, Cape L, Hughes BJ. Juvenile cellulitis in dogs: 15 cases (1979-1988). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1989;195:1609-1611.