The targets of online protest: State and private targets of four online protest tactics

Information Communication and Society

Volumn 11, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 449-472

  Earl, Jennifer ^a   Kimport, Katrina ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Contentious politics; Internet; Online protest

Indexed keywords

EID: 47549113264     PISSN: 1369118X     EISSN: 14684462     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13691180801999035     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Danitz, T. & Strobel, W. P. (1999) 'The Internet's impact on activism', Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 257-269.
2. Eagleton-Pierce, M. (2001) 'The Internet and the Seattle WTO protests', Peace Review, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 331-337.
3. Earl, J. (2004) 'Controlling protest: new directions for research on the social control of protest', Research in Social Movements, Conflicts, and Change, vol. 25, pp. 55-83.
4. Earl, J. (2006) 'Pursuing social change online', Social Science Computer Review, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 362-377.
5. Earl, J. & Schussman, A. (2004) 'Cease and desist: repression, strategic voting and the 2000 presidential election', Mobilization, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 181-202.
6. Epstein, S. (1996) Impure Science, University of California Press, Berkeley.
7. Fandy, M. (1999) 'CyberResistance: Saudi opposition between globalization and localization', Comparative Study of Society and History, vol. 41, no. 1, pp.124-147.
8. Garrido, M. & Halavais, A. (2003) 'Mapping networks of support for the Zapatista movement', in Cyberactivism, eds M. McCaughey & M.D. Ayers, Routledge, New York, pp. 165-184.
9. Hindman, M., Tsioutsiouliklis, K. & Johnson, J. A. (2004) How and Why the Web Matters for Politics, unpublished manuscript.
10. Irons, J. (2006) 'Who rules the social control of protest? Variability in the state-countermovement relationship', Mobilization, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 165-180.
11. Jarboe, G. (2003) 'Can you name the top ten search engines?', [Online] Available at: http://www.isedb.com/news/article/1108 (15 April 2005).
12. Jenkins, J. C. & Perrow, C. (1977) 'Insurgency of the powerless', American Sociological Review, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 249-268.
13. Jordan, T. (2001) 'Measuring the Internet', Information, Communication & Society, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 34-53.
14. Katzenstein, M. F. (1998) Faithful and Fearless, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
15. King Center (2004) 'The King Holiday: a chronology', [Online] Available at: http://www.thekingcenter.org/holiday/chronology.pdf (March 2007).
16. Kreimer, S. F. (2001) 'Technologies of protest: insurgent social movements and the First Amendment in the era of the Internet', University of Pennsylvania Law Review, vol. 150, pp. 119-171.
17. Krieger, D. M. (1971) 'The Another Mother for Peace consumer campaign', Journal of Peace Research, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 163-166.
18. Martinez-Torres, M. E. (2001) 'Civil society, the Internet, and the Zapitistas', Peace Review, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 347-355.
19. McAdam, D. (2003) 'Eehh, what's up (with) DOC? Clarifying the paradigm', Mobilization, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 126-134.
20. McAdam, D., Tarrow, S. & Tilly, C. (2001) Dynamics of Contention, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, MA.
21. Melucci, A. (1989) Nomads of the Present, Hutchinson Radius, London.
22. Melucci, A. (1996) Challenging Codes, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
23. Meyer, D. S. (2003) 'Political opportunity structure and nested institutions', Social Movement Studies, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 17-35.
24. Miller, J. A., Pennybacker, S. D. & Rosenhaft, E. (2001) 'Mother Ada Wright and the international campaign to free the Scottsboro Boys, 1931-1934', American Historical Review, vol. 106, no. 2, pp. 387-430.
25. Morrill, C., Zald, M. N. & Rao, H. (2003) 'Covert political conflict in organizations', Annual Review of Sociology, vol. 29, pp. 391-415.
26. Peckham, M. H. (1998) 'New dimensions of social movement/countermovement interaction', Canadian Journal of Sociology, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 317-347.
27. Raeburn, N. C. (2004) Changing Corporate America from inside Out, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis.
28. Rucht, D. (1988) 'Themes, logics and arenas of social movements', International Social Movement Research, vol. 1, pp. 305-328.
29. Rucht, D. (1990) 'The strategies and action repertoires of new movements', in Challenging the Political Order, eds R. J. Dalton & M. Kuechler, Polity Press, Cambridge, pp. 156-175.
30. Schulz, M. S. (1998) 'Collective action across borders', Sociological Perspectives, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 587-616.
31. Snow, D. A., Soule, S. & Kriesi, H. (2004) 'Mapping the terrain', in Blackwell Companion on Social Movements, eds D. A. Snow, S. Soule & H. Kriesi, Blackwell, Malden, MA, pp. 3-16.
32. Tarrow, S. (1998) 'Fishnets, internets, and catnets: globalization and transnational collective action', in Challenging Authority, eds M. P. Hanaganm, L. P. Moch & W. te Brake, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, pp. 228-244.
33. Taylor, V. (2003) 'Plus ca change, plus c'est la même chose', Mobilization, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 122-126.
34. Taylor, V. & Van Dyke, N. (2004) '"Get up, stand up": tactical repertoires of social movements', in The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements, eds D. A. Snow, S. A. Soule & H. Kriesi, Blackwell, Oxford, pp. 262-293.
35. Van Aelst, P. & Walgrave, S. (2002) 'New media, new movements?' Information, Communication & Society, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 465-493.
36. Van Dyke, N., Soule, S. & Taylor, V. (2004) 'The targets of social movements', Research in Social Movements, Conflicts, and Change, vol. 25, pp. 27-51.
37. Vegh, S. (2003) 'Classifying forms of online activism', in Cyberactivism, eds M. McCaughey & M. D. Ayers, Routledge, New York, pp. 71-95.
38. Wiltfang, G. L. & McAdam, D. (1991) 'The costs and risks of social activism', Social Forces, vol. 69, no. 4, pp. 987-1010.
39. Wong, L. (2001) 'The internet and social change in Asia', Peace Review, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 381-387.
40. Wray, S. (1999) 'On electronic civil disobedience', Peace Review, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 107-112.
41. Zaret, D. (1996) 'Petitions and the "invention" of public opinion in the English revolution', American Journal of Sociology, vol. 101, no. 6, pp. 1497-1555.