New dimensions of social movement/countermovement interaction: The case of scientology and its internet critics

Canadian Journal of Sociology

Volumn 23, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 317-347

  Peckham, Michael ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0032282417     PISSN: 03186431     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/3341804     Document Type: Article

References (73)

1. Atack, Jon 1990 A Piece of Blue Sky: Scientology, Dianetics, and L. Ron Hubbard Exposed. New York: Lyle Stuart.
2. Bainbridge, William Sims, and Rodney Stark 1980 "Scientology: To be perfectly clear." Sociological Analysis 41(2): 128-136.
3. Baker, Jason D. 1995 The Christian Cyberspace Companion. Grand Rapids: Baker Books.
4. Baym, Nancy K. 1995 "The emergence of community in computer-mediated communication." In Steven G. Jones, ed., Cybersociety: Computer-mediated communication and community, pp. 138-163. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
5. Bertoia, Carl and Janice Drakich 1993 "The Fathers' Rights Movement: Contradictions in rhetoric and practice." Journal of Family Issues 14(4): 592-615.
6. Bingham, Bob 1996 "Da Sloth's Homepage." http://www.sky.net/~sloth/sci/sci_index.html
7. Bird, Frederick B. and Frances Westley 1988 "The economic strategies of new religious movements." In James T. Richardson, ed., Money and Power in New Religions, pp. 45-68. Lewiston: The Edwin Mellen Press.
8. Bromley, David 1985 "Financing the millennium: The economic structure of the Unificationist Movement." Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 24(3): 253-274.
9. Brown, Andrew 1996 "Scientologists end secrecy on Internet." The Independent (UK). March 3:10.
10. Church of Scientology International 1993[1978] What is Scientology? Based on the religious literature and works of L. Ron Hubbard. Los Angeles: Bridge Publications, Inc. 1994 International Scientology News. Issue 35. Los Angeles: Church of Scientology International.
11. Church of Scientology International 1993[1978] What is Scientology? Based on the religious literature and works of L. Ron Hubbard. Los Angeles: Bridge Publications, Inc. 1994 International Scientology News. Issue 35. Los Angeles: Church of Scientology International.
12. Coltrane, Scott and Neal Hickman 1992 "The rhetoric of rights and needs: Moral discourse in the reform of child custody and child support laws." Social Problems 39(4): 400-420.
13. Crawford, Walt 1996 "I heard it through the Internet." In Rob Kling, ed., Computerization and Controversy: Value Conflicts and Social Choices, pp. 594-596. San Diego: Academic Press, Inc.
14. Electronic Frontiers Foundation 1996a "EFF's Church of Scientology Archive." http://www.eff.org/pub/Censorship/ CoS_v_the_Net/ 1996b "'Clipper III' on the Move." EFFector 9(13), Sept. 27. Internet newsletter, archived on http://www.eff.org/pub/EFF/Newsletters/EFFector/ 1997 "CDA Demonstration, Supreme Court Battle and Follow-up Live Chat." EFFector 10(4), March 17. Internet newsletter, archived on http://www.eff.org/pub/EFF/ Newsletlers/EFFector/
15. Electronic Frontiers Foundation 1996a "EFF's Church of Scientology Archive." http://www.eff.org/pub/Censorship/ CoS_v_the_Net/ 1996b "'Clipper III' on the Move." EFFector 9(13), Sept. 27. Internet newsletter, archived on http://www.eff.org/pub/EFF/Newsletters/EFFector/ 1997 "CDA Demonstration, Supreme Court Battle and Follow-up Live Chat." EFFector 10(4), March 17. Internet newsletter, archived on http://www.eff.org/pub/EFF/ Newsletlers/EFFector/
16. Electronic Frontiers Foundation 1996a "EFF's Church of Scientology Archive." http://www.eff.org/pub/Censorship/ CoS_v_the_Net/ 1996b "'Clipper III' on the Move." EFFector 9(13), Sept. 27. Internet newsletter, archived on http://www.eff.org/pub/EFF/Newsletters/EFFector/ 1997 "CDA Demonstration, Supreme Court Battle and Follow-up Live Chat." EFFector 10(4), March 17. Internet newsletter, archived on http://www.eff.org/pub/EFF/ Newsletlers/EFFector/
17. Eyerman, Ron and Andrew Jamison 1991 Social movements: A cognitive approach. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press.
18. Freedom 1996 "Special Issue on the Internet." http://www.theta.com/freedommag/english/vol 2704/toc.htm
19. Gardner, Martin 1952 Fads & Fallacies in the Name of Science. New York: Dover Publications, Inc.
20. Goodman, Leisa 1996a "Lawbreakers are thieves and liars, not 'critics' Church of Scientology responds." Skeptic 4(1): 18-19. 1996b "'What is true for you is what you have observed yourself: Scientology responds." Spy 10(2): 10.
21. Goodman, Leisa 1996a "Lawbreakers are thieves and liars, not 'critics' Church of Scientology responds." Skeptic 4(1): 18-19. 1996b "'What is true for you is what you have observed yourself: Scientology responds." Spy 10(2): 10.
22. Groch, Sharon A. 1994 "Oppositional consciousness: Its manifestation and development. The case of people with disabilities." Sociological Inquiry 64(4): 369-395.
23. Grossman, Wendy M. 1995 "alt.scientology.war." Wired 3(12): 172-7/248-52.
24. Hall, Deana 1998 "Managing to Recruit: Religious Conversion in the Workplace." Sociology of Religion 57(4): 391-408.
25. Hausherr, Tilman 1997 "Clearing the internet: Scientology and scientologists on the World Wide Web." http://www.snafu.de/~tilman/prolinks/
26. Hebner, Mark 1996 "Do you want to buy a bridge?" Spy 10 (1): 34-44.
27. Heldal-Lund, Andreas 1997 "Operation clambake." http://home.sol.no/heldal/CoS/index2.html
28. Holmes, Deana M 1995 "A documentary history of the Church of Scientology and the net VERSION 1.0" http://www.amazing.com/scientology/history-I.html
29. Howard, Philip K. 1994 The Death of Common Sense. New York: Warner Books, Inc.
30. Hubbard, L. Ron 1975 Dianetics and Scientology Technical Dictionary. Los Angeles: Publication Organization. 1983a[1950] Dianetics: The Evolution of a Science. Los Angeles: Bridge Publications Inc. 1983b[1956] Scientology: Fundamentals of Thought. Los Angeles: Bridge Publications Inc. 1992[1950] Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health. Los Angeles: Bridge Publications, Inc.
31. Hubbard, L. Ron 1975 Dianetics and Scientology Technical Dictionary. Los Angeles: Publication Organization. 1983a[1950] Dianetics: The Evolution of a Science. Los Angeles: Bridge Publications Inc. 1983b[1956] Scientology: Fundamentals of Thought. Los Angeles: Bridge Publications Inc. 1992[1950] Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health. Los Angeles: Bridge Publications, Inc.
32. Hubbard, L. Ron 1975 Dianetics and Scientology Technical Dictionary. Los Angeles: Publication Organization. 1983a[1950] Dianetics: The Evolution of a Science. Los Angeles: Bridge Publications Inc. 1983b[1956] Scientology: Fundamentals of Thought. Los Angeles: Bridge Publications Inc. 1992[1950] Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health. Los Angeles: Bridge Publications, Inc.
33. Hubbard, L. Ron 1975 Dianetics and Scientology Technical Dictionary. Los Angeles: Publication Organization. 1983a[1950] Dianetics: The Evolution of a Science. Los Angeles: Bridge Publications Inc. 1983b[1956] Scientology: Fundamentals of Thought. Los Angeles: Bridge Publications Inc. 1992[1950] Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health. Los Angeles: Bridge Publications, Inc.
34. Interrogate the Internet 1996 "Contradictions in cyberspace: Collective response." In Rob Shields, ed., Cultures of Internet, pp. 125-132. London: Sage Publications Ltd.
35. Jasper, James M. and Jane Poulsen 1993 "Fighting back: Vulnerabilities, blunders, and countermobilization by the targets in three Animal Rights campaigns." Sociological Forum 8(4): 639-657.
36. Kaminstein, Dana S. 1995 "A resource mobilization analysis of a failed environmental protest." Journal of Community Practice 2(2): 5-32.
37. Kent, Stephen A. 1990 "Deviance labeling and normative strategies in the Canadian 'new religions/ counterculture' debate." Canadian Journal of Sociology 15(4): 393-416. 1996 "Scientology's relationship with Eastern Religious traditions." Journal of Contemporary Religion. 11(1): 21-36. Forthcoming "The globalizalion of Scientology: Influence, control, and opposition in trans-national markets." Religion.
38. Kent, Stephen A. 1990 "Deviance labeling and normative strategies in the Canadian 'new religions/ counterculture' debate." Canadian Journal of Sociology 15(4): 393-416. 1996 "Scientology's relationship with Eastern Religious traditions." Journal of Contemporary Religion. 11(1): 21-36. Forthcoming "The globalizalion of Scientology: Influence, control, and opposition in trans-national markets." Religion.
39. Kent, Stephen A. 1990 "Deviance labeling and normative strategies in the Canadian 'new religions/ counterculture' debate." Canadian Journal of Sociology 15(4): 393-416. 1996 "Scientology's relationship with Eastern Religious traditions." Journal of Contemporary Religion. 11(1): 21-36. Forthcoming "The globalizalion of Scientology: Influence, control, and opposition in trans-national markets." Religion.
40. Kling, Rob 1996 "Information Technologies and the Shifting Balance between Privacy and Social Control." In Rob Kling, ed., Computerization and Controversy: Value Conflicts and Social Choices, pp. 614-636. San Diego: Academic Press, Inc.
41. Lamont, Stewart 1986 Religion Inc.: The Church of Scientology. London: Harrap.
42. Langan, Sean 1995 "Prince Xenu could destroy the Net" The Independent (UK). September 4: 12.
43. Lewis, Peter H. 1996 "Behind an internet message service's close: Pressure from the Church of Scientology is blamed for the shutdown." New York Times. September 6: C2.
44. Mayett, Ted 1997 "Church of Scientology - International Pickets" http://homepages.skylink.net/~ teddy//picket.html
45. McCarthy, John and Mayer Zald 1973 The Trends of Social Movements in America: Professionalization and Resource Management. Morristown: General Learning Press. 1977 "Resource mobilization and social movements: A partial theory." American Journal of Sociology 82(6): 1212-1241.
46. McCarthy, John and Mayer Zald 1973 The Trends of Social Movements in America: Professionalization and Resource Management. Morristown: General Learning Press. 1977 "Resource mobilization and social movements: A partial theory." American Journal of Sociology 82(6): 1212-1241.
47. McGuire, Meredith B. 1987[1981] Religion: The Social Context (Second Edition). Belmont: Wadsworth.
48. McLaughlin, Margaret L., Kerry K. Osborne and Christine B. Smith 1995 "Standards of conduct on Usenet." In Steven G. Jones, ed., Cybersociety: Computer-mediated communication and community, pp. 90-111. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
49. Meyer, David S. and Suzanne Staggenborg 1996 "Movements, countermovements, and the structure of political opportunity." American Journal of Sociology 101(6): 1628-1660.
50. Miller, Russell 1987 Bare-Faced Messiah: The True Story of L. Ron Hubbard. New York: Henry Holt and Company, Inc.
51. Newman, Ron 1996 "The Church of Scientology vs. the Net." http://www2.thecia.net/users/rnewman /scientology/
52. Nguyen, Dan Thu and Jon Alexander 1996 "The coming of cyberspacetime and the end of the polity." In Rob Shields, ed., Cultures of Internet, pp. 99-124. London: Sage Publications Ltd.
53. Peckham, Michael H. 1998 "Internet." In William Swatos, Jr., ed., Encyclopedia of Religion and Society, p. 237. Walnut Creek, CA: Altamira Press.
54. Persinger, Michael A., Normand J. Carrey and Lynn A. Suess 1980 TM and Cult Mania. North Quincy, MA: Christopher Publishing House.
55. Pichardo, Nelson A. 1995 "The power elite and elite-driven countermovements: The Associated Farmers of California during the 1930s." Sociological Forum 10(1): 21-49.
56. Pike, Albert 1920[1871,1906] Morals and Dogma of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite. Charleston, S.C.: Southern Jurisdiction of the United States.
57. Post, David G. 1996 "New World War: Cancelbunny and Lazarus battle it out on the frontier of cyberspace - and suggest the limits of social contracts." Reason. 27(11): 28.
58. Quittner, John 1995 "Unmasked on the net." Time (Domestic) 147(9): 72.
59. Regardie, Israel 1990 The Complete Golden Dawn System of Magic. Scottsdale: Golden Dawn Publications.
60. Robinson, Michael 1995 "Operating thetan summary and analysis." Article posted to alt.religion.scientology, September 12, 1995. Archived on http://www.sky.net/~sloth/sci/sci_index.html
61. Shade, Leslie Regan 1996 "Is there free speech on the net? Censorship in the global information infrastructure." In Rob Shields, ed., Cultures of Internet, pp. 11-32. London: Sage Publications Ltd.
62. Sobel, David 1995 "The irrelevance of being a dog." Net 1(7): 8.
63. Spaink, Karin 1995 "Defense against Scientology's subpoena." http://www.xs4all.nl/~kspaink/cos/verweng. html
64. Staggenborg, Suzanne 1988 "The consequences of professionalization and formalization in the Pro-Choice Movement." American Sociological Review 53(4): 585-605.
65. Stotik, Jeffrey, Thomas E. Shriver, and Sherry Cable 1994 "Social control and movement outcome: The case of AIM." Sociological Focus. 27(1): 53-66.
66. The Times (London) 1995 "Scientologists step up campaign against net critics." October 25: 7.
67. Touraine, Alain 1981 The Voice and the Eye: An Analysis of Social Movements. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1985 "An introduction to the study of social movements." Social Research 52(4): 749-787.
68. Touraine, Alain 1981 The Voice and the Eye: An Analysis of Social Movements. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1985 "An introduction to the study of social movements." Social Research 52(4): 749-787.
69. United States District Court, Northern District Of California 1995a Religious Technology Center, Bridge Publications, Inc., Plaintiffs, and Netcom On-Line Communication Services, Inc., Dennis Erlich, Tom Klemesrud, and Clearwood Data Services, Defendants. Verified Complaint For Injunctive Relief and Damages For: (1) Copyright Infringement; and (2) Trade Secrets Misappropriation. Case No. C-95 20091 RMW, February 8. 1995b Religious Technology Center, Bridge Publications, Inc., Plaintiffs, and Netcom On-Line Communication Services, Inc., Dennis Erlich, Tom Klemesrud, and Clearwood Data Services, Defendants. Order to Clerk to Issue Writ for Seizure of Articles Infringing Statutory Copyright. Case No. C-95 20091 RMW, February 13.
70. United States District Court, Northern District Of California 1995a Religious Technology Center, Bridge Publications, Inc., Plaintiffs, and Netcom On-Line Communication Services, Inc., Dennis Erlich, Tom Klemesrud, and Clearwood Data Services, Defendants. Verified Complaint For Injunctive Relief and Damages For: (1) Copyright Infringement; and (2) Trade Secrets Misappropriation. Case No. C-95 20091 RMW, February 8. 1995b Religious Technology Center, Bridge Publications, Inc., Plaintiffs, and Netcom On-Line Communication Services, Inc., Dennis Erlich, Tom Klemesrud, and Clearwood Data Services, Defendants. Order to Clerk to Issue Writ for Seizure of Articles Infringing Statutory Copyright. Case No. C-95 20091 RMW, February 13.
71. Wallis, Roy 1976 The Road to Total Freedom: A Sociological Analysis of Scientology. 1977, Reissue. New York: Columbia University Press.
72. Zald, Mayer N. and Bert Useem 1987 "Movement and countermovement interaction: Mobilization, tactics, and state involvement." In Mayer N. Zald and John D. McCarthy, eds., Social Movements in an Organizational Society, pp. 247-72. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Books.
73. Zald, Mayer and John McCarthy 1987 Social Movements in Organizational Society. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Books.