메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 44, Issue 7-8, 2008, Pages 392-398

Discussing withdrawing and withholding of life-sustaining medical treatment in a tertiary paediatric hospital: A survey of clinician attitudes and practices

Author keywords

Education; End of life care; Palliative care; Physician patient relationships; Withholding treatment

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CHILD CARE; CLINICAL PRACTICE; COMMUNICATION SKILL; FAMILY; FEMALE; HEALTH SURVEY; HUMAN; INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEDICAL CARE; MEDICAL EDUCATION; MEDICAL STAFF; ONLINE SYSTEM; PEDIATRIC HOSPITAL; PERSONAL EXPERIENCE; PHYSICIAN ATTITUDE; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; TERMINAL DISEASE; TERTIARY HEALTH CARE; TREATMENT WITHDRAWAL;

EID: 47349120943     PISSN: 10344810     EISSN: 14401754     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1754.2008.01351.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (28)

References (57)
  • 1
    • 0031400789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The EURONIC Project: A European concerted action on information to parents and ethical decision-making in neonatal intensive care
    • Cuttini M, Kaminski M, Saracci R, de Vonderweid U. The EURONIC Project: a European concerted action on information to parents and ethical decision-making in neonatal intensive care. Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. 1997 11 : 461 74.
    • (1997) Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. , vol.11 , pp. 461-74
    • Cuttini, M.1    Kaminski, M.2    Saracci, R.3    De Vonderweid, U.4
  • 2
    • 0035467845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The European Union Collaborative Project on Ethical Decision Making in Neonatal Intensive Care (EURONIC): Findings from 11 countries
    • Cuttini M. The European Union Collaborative Project on Ethical Decision Making in Neonatal Intensive Care (EURONIC): findings from 11 countries. J. Clin. Ethics. 2001 12 : 290 6.
    • (2001) J. Clin. Ethics. , vol.12 , pp. 290-6
    • Cuttini, M.1
  • 3
    • 44049094974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Doctors' and nurses' attitudes towards neonatal ethical decision-making in Ireland
    • Published Online First: 17 August 2007. doi:10.1136/adc.2006.113597.
    • Samaan MC, Cuttini M, Casotto V, Ryan CA. Doctors' and nurses' attitudes towards neonatal ethical decision-making in Ireland. Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2008 93 : F217 21. Published Online First: 17 August 2007. doi:10.1136/adc.2006.113597.
    • (2008) Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed. , vol.93
    • Samaan, M.C.1    Cuttini, M.2    Casotto, V.3    Ryan, C.A.4
  • 4
    • 33845706974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transforming doctor-patient relationships to promote patient-centered care: Lessons from palliative care
    • Yedidia MJ. Transforming doctor-patient relationships to promote patient-centered care: lessons from palliative care. J. Pain Symptom Manage. 2007 33 : 40 57.
    • (2007) J. Pain Symptom Manage. , vol.33 , pp. 40-57
    • Yedidia, M.J.1
  • 5
    • 26244466552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New and lingering controversies in pediatric end-of-life care
    • Solomon MZ, Sellers DE, Heller KS et al. New and lingering controversies in pediatric end-of-life care. Pediatrics 2005 116 : 872 83.
    • (2005) Pediatrics , vol.116 , pp. 872-83
    • Solomon, M.Z.1    Sellers, D.E.2    Heller, K.S.3
  • 6
    • 84885640755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Withholding or Withdrawing Life Saving Treatment in Children
    • Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health. London: RCPCH
    • Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health. Withholding or Withdrawing Life Saving Treatment in Children. A Framework for Practice. London : RCPCH, 1997.
    • (1997) A Framework for Practice.
  • 7
    • 0028387205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines on forgoing life-sustaining medical treatment
    • American Academy of Pediatrics. (A statement of reaffirmation of these guidelines issued in Pediatrics. 114: 1126).
    • American Academy of Pediatrics. Guidelines on forgoing life-sustaining medical treatment. Pediatrics 93 : 532 6. (A statement of reaffirmation of these guidelines issued in Pediatrics. 114: 1126).
    • Pediatrics , vol.93 , pp. 532-6
  • 8
    • 0029890190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • See one, do one, teach one? House staff experience discussing do-not-resuscitate orders
    • 2004
    • Tulsky JA, Chesney MA, Lo B. See one, do one, teach one? House staff experience discussing do-not-resuscitate orders. Arch. Intern. Med. 1996, 2004 156 : 1285 9.
    • (1996) Arch. Intern. Med. , vol.156 , pp. 1285-9
    • Tulsky, J.A.1    Chesney, M.A.2    Lo, B.3
  • 9
    • 34347371329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medical residents' perspectives on discussions of advanced directives: Can prior experience affect how they approach patients?
    • Deep KS, Green SF, Griffith CH, Wilson JF. Medical residents' perspectives on discussions of advanced directives: can prior experience affect how they approach patients? J. Palliat. Med. 2007 10 : 712 20.
    • (2007) J. Palliat. Med. , vol.10 , pp. 712-20
    • Deep, K.S.1    Green, S.F.2    Griffith, C.H.3    Wilson, J.F.4
  • 11
    • 0034584604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perceived skills in palliative medicine of newly qualified doctors in the UK
    • Charlton R, Smith G. Perceived skills in palliative medicine of newly qualified doctors in the UK. J. Palliat. Care 2000 16 : 27 32.
    • (2000) J. Palliat. Care , vol.16 , pp. 27-32
    • Charlton, R.1    Smith, G.2
  • 12
    • 0032711676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors associated with residents' attitudes toward dying patients
    • Kvale J, Berg L, Groff JY, Lange G. Factors associated with residents' attitudes toward dying patients. Fam. Med. 1999 31 : 691 6.
    • (1999) Fam. Med. , vol.31 , pp. 691-6
    • Kvale, J.1    Berg, L.2    Groff, J.Y.3    Lange, G.4
  • 13
    • 0031948221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The preparedness of students to discuss end-of-life issues with patients
    • Buss MK, Marx ES, Sulmasy DP. The preparedness of students to discuss end-of-life issues with patients. Acad. Med. 1998 73 : 418 22.
    • (1998) Acad. Med. , vol.73 , pp. 418-22
    • Buss, M.K.1    Marx, E.S.2    Sulmasy, D.P.3
  • 14
    • 0041885152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiopulmonary resuscitation: Attitudes and perceptions of junior doctors
    • Scott G, Mulgrew E, Smith T. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation: attitudes and perceptions of junior doctors. Hosp Med. (Lond.) 2003 64 : 425 8.
    • (2003) Hosp Med. (Lond.) , vol.64 , pp. 425-8
    • Scott, G.1    Mulgrew, E.2    Smith, T.3
  • 15
    • 0038631847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing medical students' training in end-of-life communication: A survey of interns at one urban teaching hospital
    • Ury WA, Berkman CS, Weber CM, Pignotti MG, Leipzig RM. Assessing medical students' training in end-of-life communication: a survey of interns at one urban teaching hospital. Acad. Med. 2003 78 : 530 7.
    • (2003) Acad. Med. , vol.78 , pp. 530-7
    • Ury, W.A.1    Berkman, C.S.2    Weber, C.M.3    Pignotti, M.G.4    Leipzig, R.M.5
  • 16
    • 0034796616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Senior medical students' perceptions of the adequacy of education on end-of-life issues
    • Fraser HC, Kutner JS, Pfeifer MP. Senior medical students' perceptions of the adequacy of education on end-of-life issues. J. Palliat. Med. 2001 4 : 337 43.
    • (2001) J. Palliat. Med. , vol.4 , pp. 337-43
    • Fraser, H.C.1    Kutner, J.S.2    Pfeifer, M.P.3
  • 17
    • 0035287569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Competencies and concerns in end-of-life care for medical students and residents
    • Jubelirer SJ, Welch C, Babar Z, Emmett M. Competencies and concerns in end-of-life care for medical students and residents. W. V. Med. J. 2001 97 : 118 21.
    • (2001) W. V. Med. J. , vol.97 , pp. 118-21
    • Jubelirer, S.J.1    Welch, C.2    Babar, Z.3    Emmett, M.4
  • 19
    • 21844444524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Negotiating end-of-life decision making: A comparison of Japanese and US. Residents' Approaches
    • Gabbay BB, Matsumura S, Etzioni S et al. Negotiating end-of-life decision making: a comparison of Japanese and US. Residents' Approaches. Acad. Med. 2005 80 : 617 21.
    • (2005) Acad. Med. , vol.80 , pp. 617-21
    • Gabbay, B.B.1    Matsumura, S.2    Etzioni, S.3
  • 20
    • 0030995525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is experience a good teacher? How interns and attending physicians understand patients' choices for end-of-life care. SUPPORT Investigators. Study to Understand Prognoses and Preferences for Outcomes and Risks of Treatments
    • Wilson IB, Green ML, Goldman L, Tsevat J, Cook EF, Phillips RS. Is experience a good teacher? How interns and attending physicians understand patients' choices for end-of-life care. SUPPORT Investigators. Study to Understand Prognoses and Preferences for Outcomes and Risks of Treatments. Med. Decis. Making. 1997 17 : 217 27.
    • (1997) Med. Decis. Making. , vol.17 , pp. 217-27
    • Wilson, I.B.1    Green, M.L.2    Goldman, L.3    Tsevat, J.4    Cook, E.F.5    Phillips, R.S.6
  • 21
    • 33745910230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Palliative care training: A survey of physicians in Australia and Europe
    • Lofmark R, Mortier F, Nilstun T et al. Palliative care training: a survey of physicians in Australia and Europe. J. Palliat. Care. 2006 22 : 105 10.
    • (2006) J. Palliat. Care. , vol.22 , pp. 105-10
    • Lofmark, R.1    Mortier, F.2    Nilstun, T.3
  • 22
    • 0642366475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An analysis of provider attitudes toward end-of-life decision-making
    • (erratum appears in Am. J Hosp Palliat Care. 2004
    • Yates JA, Rutsohn P, Ibrahim N. An analysis of provider attitudes toward end-of-life decision-making. (erratum appears in Am. J Hosp Palliat Care. 2004 21 Am. J. Hosp Palliat. Care. 2003 20 : 371 81.
    • (2003) Am. J. Hosp Palliat. Care. , vol.20-21 , pp. 371-81
    • Yates, J.A.1    Rutsohn, P.2    Ibrahim, N.3
  • 23
    • 0030161048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing palliative care educational needs of physicians and nurses: Results of a survey. Greater Victoria Hospital Society Palliative Care Committee
    • Samaroo B. Assessing palliative care educational needs of physicians and nurses: results of a survey. Greater Victoria Hospital Society Palliative Care Committee. J. Palliat. Care. 1996 12 : 20 2.
    • (1996) J. Palliat. Care. , vol.12 , pp. 20-2
    • Samaroo, B.1
  • 24
    • 0031691505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Educational needs among pediatricians regarding caring for terminally Ill children
    • Khaneja S, Milrod B. Educational needs among pediatricians regarding caring for terminally Ill children. Arch. Pediatr.Z Adolesc. Med. 1998 152 : 909 14.
    • (1998) Arch. Pediatr.Z Adolesc. Med. , vol.152 , pp. 909-14
    • Khaneja, S.1    Milrod, B.2
  • 25
    • 0032027564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pediatricians experiences of ethical dilemmas in practice: Implications for education
    • Kenny N, Leblanc J, Mann K. Pediatricians experiences of ethical dilemmas in practice: implications for education. Ann. R. Coll. Physicians Surg. Can. 1998 31 : 93 8.
    • (1998) Ann. R. Coll. Physicians Surg. Can. , vol.31 , pp. 93-8
    • Kenny, N.1    Leblanc, J.2    Mann, K.3
  • 26
    • 0034012470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medical education about end-of-life care in the pediatric setting: Principles, challenges opportunities
    • Sahler OJZ, Frager G, Levetown M, Cohn FG, Lipson MA. Medical education about end-of-life care in the pediatric setting: principles, challenges opportunities. Pediatrics. 2000 105 : 575 84.
    • (2000) Pediatrics. , vol.105 , pp. 575-84
    • Sahler, O.J.Z.1    Frager, G.2    Levetown, M.3    Cohn, F.G.4    Lipson, M.A.5
  • 27
    • 33745308513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pediatric resident education in palliative care: A needs assessment
    • Kolarik RC, Walker G, Arnold RM. Pediatric resident education in palliative care: a needs assessment. Pediatrics. 2006 117 : 1949 54.
    • (2006) Pediatrics. , vol.117 , pp. 1949-54
    • Kolarik, R.C.1    Walker, G.2    Arnold, R.M.3
  • 28
    • 10644268485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A study into the educational needs of children's hospice doctors: A descriptive quantitative and qualitative survey
    • Amery J, Lapwood S. A study into the educational needs of children's hospice doctors: a descriptive quantitative and qualitative survey. Palliat. Med. 2004 18 : 727 33.
    • (2004) Palliat. Med. , vol.18 , pp. 727-33
    • Amery, J.1    Lapwood, S.2
  • 29
    • 0035155498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attitudes and practices among pediatric oncologists regarding end-of-life care: Results of the1998 American Society of Clinical Oncology Survey
    • Hilden JM, Emanuel EJ, Fairclough DL et al. Attitudes and practices among pediatric oncologists regarding end-of-life care: results of the1998 American Society of Clinical Oncology Survey. J. Clin. Oncol. 2001 19 : 205 12.
    • (2001) J. Clin. Oncol. , vol.19 , pp. 205-12
    • Hilden, J.M.1    Emanuel, E.J.2    Fairclough, D.L.3
  • 30
    • 33646106776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The last word: Family members' descriptions of end-of-life care in long-term care facilities
    • Vohra JU, Brazil K, Szala-Meneok K. The last word: family members' descriptions of end-of-life care in long-term care facilities. J. Palliat. Care. 2006 22 : 33 9.
    • (2006) J. Palliat. Care. , vol.22 , pp. 33-9
    • Vohra, J.U.1    Brazil, K.2    Szala-Meneok, K.3
  • 31
    • 32044436115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Informational and emotional support received by relatives before and after the cancer patient's death
    • Eriksson E, Arve S, Lauri S. Informational and emotional support received by relatives before and after the cancer patient's death. Eur. J. Oncol. Nurs. 2006 10 : 48 58.
    • (2006) Eur. J. Oncol. Nurs. , vol.10 , pp. 48-58
    • Eriksson, E.1    Arve, S.2    Lauri, S.3
  • 32
    • 0036308907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patients' perspectives on physician skill in end-of-life care: Differences between patients with COPD, cancer, and AIDS
    • Curtis JR, Wenrich MD, Carline JD, Shannon SE, Ambrozy DM, Ramsey PG. Patients' perspectives on physician skill in end-of-life care: differences between patients with COPD, cancer, and AIDS. Chest. 2002 122 : 356 62.
    • (2002) Chest. , vol.122 , pp. 356-62
    • Curtis, J.R.1    Wenrich, M.D.2    Carline, J.D.3    Shannon, S.E.4    Ambrozy, D.M.5    Ramsey, P.G.6
  • 34
    • 0035142192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Families looking back. one year after discussion of withdrawal or withholding of life-sustaining support
    • Abbott KH, Sago JG, Breen CM, Abernethy AP, Tulsky JA. Families looking back. one year after discussion of withdrawal or withholding of life-sustaining support. Crit. Care Med. 2001 29 : 197 201.
    • (2001) Crit. Care Med. , vol.29 , pp. 197-201
    • Abbott, K.H.1    Sago, J.G.2    Breen, C.M.3    Abernethy, A.P.4    Tulsky, J.A.5
  • 35
    • 0034669456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors considered important at the end of life by patients, family, physicians and other care providers
    • Steinhauser KE, Christakis NA, Clipp EC, McNeilly M, McIntyre L, Tulsky JA. Factors considered important at the end of life by patients, family, physicians and other care providers. JAMA 2000 289 : 2476 82.
    • (2000) JAMA , vol.289 , pp. 2476-82
    • Steinhauser, K.E.1    Christakis, N.A.2    Clipp, E.C.3    McNeilly, M.4    McIntyre, L.5    Tulsky, J.A.6
  • 36
    • 23444446928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beyond autonomy: Diversifying end-of-life decision-making approaches to serve patients and families
    • Winzelberg GS, Hanson LC, Tulsky JA. Beyond autonomy: diversifying end-of-life decision-making approaches to serve patients and families. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 2005 53 : 1046 50.
    • (2005) J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. , vol.53 , pp. 1046-50
    • Winzelberg, G.S.1    Hanson, L.C.2    Tulsky, J.A.3
  • 37
    • 0037078289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patients' ratings of quality and satisfaction with care at the end of life
    • Sulmasy DP, McIlvane JM. Patients' ratings of quality and satisfaction with care at the end of life. Arch. Intern. Med. 2002 162 : 2098 104.
    • (2002) Arch. Intern. Med. , vol.162 , pp. 2098-104
    • Sulmasy, D.P.1    McIlvane, J.M.2
  • 38
    • 33645950415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The moral experience of parents regarding life-support decisions for their critically-ill children: A preliminary study in France
    • Carnevale FA, Canoui P, Hubert P et al. The moral experience of parents regarding life-support decisions for their critically-ill children: a preliminary study in France. J. Child Health Care. 2006 10 : 69 82.
    • (2006) J. Child Health Care. , vol.10 , pp. 69-82
    • Carnevale, F.A.1    Canoui, P.2    Hubert, P.3
  • 39
    • 0037618863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-assessment of communication skills preparedness: Adult versus pediatric skills
    • Dube CE, LaMonica A, Boyle W, Fuller B, Burkholder GJ. Self-assessment of communication skills preparedness: adult versus pediatric skills. Ambul. Pediatr. 2003 3 : 137 41.
    • (2003) Ambul. Pediatr. , vol.3 , pp. 137-41
    • Dube, C.E.1    Lamonica, A.2    Boyle, W.3    Fuller, B.4    Burkholder, G.J.5
  • 40
    • 33646508349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Avoiding iatrogenic harm to patient and family while discussing goals of care near the end of life
    • Weiner JS, Roth J. Avoiding iatrogenic harm to patient and family while discussing goals of care near the end of life. J. Palliat. Med. 2006 9 : 451 63.
    • (2006) J. Palliat. Med. , vol.9 , pp. 451-63
    • Weiner, J.S.1    Roth, J.2
  • 41
    • 22244478658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beyond advance directives: Importance of communication skills at the end of life
    • Tulsky JA. Beyond advance directives: importance of communication skills at the end of life. JAMA 2005 294 : 359 65.
    • (2005) JAMA , vol.294 , pp. 359-65
    • Tulsky, J.A.1
  • 42
    • 0032531234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opening the black box: How do physicians communicate about advance directives?
    • Tulsky JA, Fischer GS, Rose MR, Arnold RM. Opening the black box: how do physicians communicate about advance directives? Ann. Intern. Med. 1998 129 : 441 9.
    • (1998) Ann. Intern. Med. , vol.129 , pp. 441-9
    • Tulsky, J.A.1    Fischer, G.S.2    Rose, M.R.3    Arnold, R.M.4
  • 43
    • 47349098499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discussing withholding and withdrawing of life-sustaining medical treatment in paediatric inpatients: Audit of current practice
    • Stark Z, Hynson J, Forrester M. Discussing withholding and withdrawing of life-sustaining medical treatment in paediatric inpatients: Audit of current practice. J. Paediatr. Child Health 2008 44 : 399 403.
    • (2008) J. Paediatr. Child Health , vol.44 , pp. 399-403
    • Stark, Z.1    Hynson, J.2    Forrester, M.3
  • 44
    • 34248342570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National survey of pediatric residency program directors and residents regarding education in palliative medicine and end-of-life care
    • Baker JN, Torkildson C, Baillargeon JG, Olney CA, Kane JR. National survey of pediatric residency program directors and residents regarding education in palliative medicine and end-of-life care. J. Palliat. Med. 2007 10 : 420 9.
    • (2007) J. Palliat. Med. , vol.10 , pp. 420-9
    • Baker, J.N.1    Torkildson, C.2    Baillargeon, J.G.3    Olney, C.A.4    Kane, J.R.5
  • 46
    • 21844446075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The palliative care clinical evaluation exercise (CEX): An experience-based intervention for teaching end-of-life communication skills
    • Han PK, Keranen LB, Lescisin DA, Arnold RM. The palliative care clinical evaluation exercise (CEX): an experience-based intervention for teaching end-of-life communication skills. Acad. Med. 2005 80 : 669 76.
    • (2005) Acad. Med. , vol.80 , pp. 669-76
    • Han, P.K.1    Keranen, L.B.2    Lescisin, D.A.3    Arnold, R.M.4
  • 47
    • 33646195509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Care: A communication training program for shared decision making along a life-limiting illness
    • Weiner JS, Cole SA. A Care: a communication training program for shared decision making along a life-limiting illness. Palliat Support. Care. 2004 2 : 231 41.
    • (2004) Palliat Support. Care. , vol.2 , pp. 231-41
    • Weiner, J.S.1    Cole, S.A.2
  • 48
    • 47349089889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overcoming physicians'emotional barriers to advance directive communications: an innovative training program for oncology fellows. Research Presentation. Academy of Psychosomatic Medicine Proceedings, 49th Annual Meeting, Tucson, Arizona, 2002. Available from: [accessed 11 January 2008].
    • Weiner JS, Cole SA, Roter D. Overcoming physicians' emotional barriers to advance directive communications: an innovative training program for oncology fellows. Research Presentation. Academy of Psychosomatic Medicine Proceedings, 49th Annual Meeting, Tucson, Arizona, 2002. Available from: http://psy. psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/44/2/130 [accessed 11 January 2008].
    • Weiner, J.S.1    Cole, S.A.2    Roter, D.3
  • 49
    • 47349125259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Program in the patient-doctor relationship at long island jewish medical center: recipient of the alan stoudemire award for innovation and excellence in consultation-liaison education. Poster Presentation, Academy for Psychosomatic Medicine 48th Meeting, San Antonio, Texas, 2001. Available from: [accessed 11 January 2008].
    • Weiner JS, Gordon J, Walerstein S et al. Program in the patient-doctor relationship at long island jewish medical center: recipient of the alan stoudemire award for innovation and excellence in consultation-liaison education. Poster Presentation, Academy for Psychosomatic Medicine 48th Meeting, San Antonio, Texas, 2001. Available from: http://psy.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/ content/full/43/2/132 [accessed 11 January 2008].
    • Weiner, J.S.1    Gordon, J.2    Walerstein, S.3
  • 50
    • 33947271274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of communication skills training for giving bad news and discussing transitions to palliative care
    • Back AL, Arnold RM, Baile WF et al. Efficacy of communication skills training for giving bad news and discussing transitions to palliative care. Arch. Intern. Med. 2007 167 : 453 60.
    • (2007) Arch. Intern. Med. , vol.167 , pp. 453-60
    • Back, A.L.1    Arnold, R.M.2    Baile, W.F.3
  • 51
    • 33750490087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Faculty development in end-of-life care: Evaluation of a national train-the-trainer program
    • Stratos GA, Katz S, Bergen MR, Hallenbeck J. Faculty development in end-of-life care: evaluation of a national train-the-trainer program. Acad. Med. 2006 81 : 1000 7.
    • (2006) Acad. Med. , vol.81 , pp. 1000-7
    • Stratos, G.A.1    Katz, S.2    Bergen, M.R.3    Hallenbeck, J.4
  • 52
    • 33750482578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A controlled trial of a short course to improve residents' communication with patients at the end of life
    • Alexander SC, Keitz SA, Sloane R, Tulsky JA. A controlled trial of a short course to improve residents' communication with patients at the end of life. Acad. Med. 2006 81 : 1008 12.
    • (2006) Acad. Med. , vol.81 , pp. 1008-12
    • Alexander, S.C.1    Keitz, S.A.2    Sloane, R.3    Tulsky, J.A.4
  • 53
    • 33747874525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of an educational intervention to encourage advance directive discussions between medicine residents and patients
    • Furman CD, Head B, Lazor B, Casper B, Ritchie CS. Evaluation of an educational intervention to encourage advance directive discussions between medicine residents and patients. J. Palliat. Med. 2006 9 : 964 7.
    • (2006) J. Palliat. Med. , vol.9 , pp. 964-7
    • Furman, C.D.1    Head, B.2    Lazor, B.3    Casper, B.4    Ritchie, C.S.5
  • 54
    • 0036940244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving knowledge and communication through an advance directives objective structured clinical examination
    • Aronson SG, Kirby RW. Improving knowledge and communication through an advance directives objective structured clinical examination. J. Palliat. Med. 2002 5 : 916 9.
    • (2002) J. Palliat. Med. , vol.5 , pp. 916-9
    • Aronson, S.G.1    Kirby, R.W.2
  • 55
    • 0035344662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A workshop for first-year residents on discussing 'code status' in hospitals
    • Kuhl DR, Calam B, Westwood M. A workshop for first-year residents on discussing 'code status' in hospitals. Acad. Med. 2001 76 : 560 1.
    • (2001) Acad. Med. , vol.76 , pp. 560-1
    • Kuhl, D.R.1    Calam, B.2    Westwood, M.3
  • 56
    • 0034019569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulatory and educational initiatives fail to promote discussions regarding end-of-life care
    • Shorr AF, Niven AS, Katz DE, Parker JM, Eliasson AH. Regulatory and educational initiatives fail to promote discussions regarding end-of-life care. J. Pain Symptom Manage. 2000 19 : 168 73.
    • (2000) J. Pain Symptom Manage. , vol.19 , pp. 168-73
    • Shorr, A.F.1    Niven, A.S.2    Katz, D.E.3    Parker, J.M.4    Eliasson, A.H.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.