Influence of the anaesthetic depth on the inhibition of the oculocardiac reflex during sevoflurane anaesthesia for paediatric strabismus surgery

British Journal of Anaesthesia

Volumn 101, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 234-238

  Yi, C ^a   Jee, D ^a  

^a Yeungnam University College of Medicine   (South Korea)

Author keywords

Anaesthesia, depth; Anaesthesia, paediatric; Anaesthetics volatile, sevoflurane; Monitoring, bispectral index; Strabismus

Indexed keywords

ATROPINE; NITROUS OXIDE; OXYGEN; ROCURONIUM; SEVOFLURANE; THIOPENTAL;

ANESTHESIA LEVEL; ARTICLE; BISPECTRAL INDEX; CHILD; DRUG DOSE TITRATION; DRUG EFFECT; EXTRAOCULAR MUSCLE; FEMALE; HEART RATE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; OCULOCARDIAC REFLEX; PATIENT MONITORING; PEDIATRIC SURGERY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZATION; STRABISMUS; STRABISMUS SURGERY; TRACTION THERAPY;

EID: 47249158478     PISSN: 00070912     EISSN: 14716771     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/bja/aen129     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. McGoldrick KE, Gayer SI. Anesthesia and the eye. In: Barash PG, Cullen BF, Stoelting RK, eds. Clinical Anesthesia, 5th Edn. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2006; 974-96
2. Donlon JV, Doyle DJ, Feldman MA. Anesthesia for eye, ear, nose, and throat surgery. In: Miller RD, ed. Miller's Anesthesia, 6th Edn. Philadelphia: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, 2005; 2527-71
3. Hauser MW, Valley RD, Bailey AG. Anesthesia for pediatric ophthalmic surgery. In: Motoyama EK, Davis PJ, eds. Smith's Anesthesia for Infants and Children, 7th Edn. Philadelphia: Mosby, 2006; 770-88
4. McGoldrick KE. Ophthalmic complications. In: Gravenstein N, Kirby RR, eds. Complications in Anesthesiology, 2nd Edn. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven Publishers, 1996; 411-24
5. Davidson AJ, Czarnecki C. The Bispectral Index in children: comparing isoflurane and halothane. Br J Anaesth 2004; 92: 14-7
6. Leslie K, Skrzypek H, Paech MJ, Kurowski I, Whybrow T. Dreaming during anesthesia and anesthetic depth in elective surgery patients: a prospective cohort study. Anesthesiology 2007; 106: 33-42
7. Farag E, Chelune GJ, Schubert A, Mascha EJ. Is depth of anesthesia, as assessed by the Bispectral Index, related to postoperative cognitive dysfunction and recovery? Anesth Analg 2006; 103: 633-40
8. Yang JJ, Liu J, Duan ML, Zhou ZQ, Li WY, Xu JG. Lighter general anesthesia causes less decrease in arterial pressure induced by epinephrine scalp infiltration during neurosurgery. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 2007; 19: 263-7
9. Nelskylä KA, Yli-Hankala AM, Puro PH, Korttila KT. Sevoflurane titration using bispectral index decreases postoperative vomiting in phase II recovery after ambulatory surgery. Anesth Analg 2001; 93: 1165-9
10. McCann ME, Bacsik J, Davidson A, Auble S, Sullivan L, Laussen P. The correlation of bispectral index with endtidal sevoflurane concentration and haemodynamic parameters in preschoolers. Paediatr Anaesth 2002; 12: 519-25
11. Bannister CF, Brosius KK, Sigl JC, Meyer BJ, Sebel PS. The effect of bispectral index monitoring on anesthetic use and recovery in children anesthetized with sevoflurane in nitrous oxide. Anesth Analg 2001; 92: 877-81
12. Denman WT, Swanson EL, Rosow D, Ezbicki K, Connors PD, Rosow CE. Pediatric evaluation of the bispectral index (BIS) monitor and correlation of BIS with end-tidal sevoflurane concentration in infants and children. Anesth Analg 2000; 90: 872-7
13. Hahnenkamp K, Hönemann CW, Fischer LG, Durieux ME, Muehlendyck H, Braun U. Effect of different anaesthetic regimes on the oculocardiac reflex during paediatric strabismus surgery. Paediatr Anaesth 2000; 10: 601-8
14. Choi SH, Lee SJ, Kim SH, et al. Single bolus of intravenous ketamine for anesthetic induction decreases oculocardiac reflex in children undergoing strabismus surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2007; 51: 759-62
15. Karanovic N, Jukic M, Carev M, Kardum G, Dogas Z. Rocuronium attenuates oculocardiac reflex during squint surgery in children anesthetized with halothane and nitrous oxide. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2004; 48: 1301-5
16. Cook-Sather SD. Ophthalmic problems and complications. In: Atlee JL, ed. Complications in Anesthesia, 2nd Edn. Philadelphia: Saunders, 2007; 692-7
17. Allison CE, De Lange JJ, Koole FD, Zuurmond WW, Ros HH, van Schagen NT. A comparison of the incidence of the oculocardiac and oculorespiratory reflexes during sevoflurane or halothane anesthesia for strabismus surgery in children. Anesth Analg 2000; 90: 306-10
18. Oh AY, Yun MJ, Kim HJ, Kim HS. Comparison of desflurane with sevoflurane for the incidence of oculocardiac reflex in children undergoing strabismus surgery. Br J Anaesth 2007; 99: 262-5
19. Wodey E, Senhadji L, Pladys P, Carre F, Ecoffey C. The relationship between expired concentration of sevoflurane and sympathovagal tone in children. Anesth Analg 2003; 97: 377-82
20. Kanaya N, Hirata N, Kurosawa S, Nakayama M, Namiki A. Differential effects of propofol and sevoflurane on heart rate variability. Anesthesiology 2003; 98: 34-40
21. Degoute CS, Macabeo C, Dubreuil C, Duclaux R, Banssillon V. EEG bispectral index and hypnotic component of anaesthesia induced by sevoflurane: comparison between children and adults. Br J Anaesth 2001; 86: 209-12
22. Stanski DR, Shafer SL. Measuring depth of anesthesia. In: Miller RD, ed. Miller's Anesthesia, 6th Edn. Philadelphia: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, 2005; 1227-64
23. Arnold RW, Jensen PA, Kovtoun TA, Maurer SA, Schultz JA. The profound augmentation of the oculocardiac reflex by fast acting opioids. Binocul Vis Strabismus Q 2004; 19: 215-22
24. Grover VK, Bhardwaj N, Shobana N, Grewal SP. Oculocardiac reflex during retinal surgery using peribulbar block and nitrous narcotic anesthesia. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998; 29: 207-12
25. Gupta N, Kumar R, Kumar S, Sehgal R, Sharma KR. A prospective randomised double blind study to evaluate the effect of peribulbar block or topical application of local anaesthesia combined with general anaesthesia on intra-operative and postoperative complications during paediatric strabismus surgery. Anaesthesia 2007; 62: 1110-3
26. Morel J, Pascal J, Charier D, et al. Preoperative peribulbar block in patients undergoing retinal detachment surgery under general anesthesia: a randomized double-blind study. Anesth Analg 2006; 102: 1082-7
27. Rosow C, Manberg PJ. Bispectral index monitoring. Anesthesiol Clin North Am 2001; 19: 947-66
28. Fayon M, Gauthier M, Blanc VF, Ahronheim GA, Michaud J. Intraoperative cardiac arrest due to the oculocardiac reflex and subsequent death in a child with occult Epstein-Barr virus myocarditis. Anesthesiology 1995; 83: 622-4
29. Kelly AM, Porter CJ, McGoon MD, Espinosa RE, Osborn MJ, Hayes DL. Breath-holding spells associated with significant bradycardia: successful treatment with permanent pacemaker implantation. Pediatrics 2001; 108: 698-702
30. Kwik RS. Marcus Gunn syndrome associated with an unusual oculo-cardiac reflex. Anaesthesia 1980; 35: 46-9
31. Nelskylä KA, Yli-Hankala AM, Puro PH, Korttila KT. Sevoflurane titration using bispectral index decreases postoperative vomiting in phase II recovery after ambulatory surgery. Anesth Analg 2001; 93: 1165-9
32. Blanc VF, Hardy JF, Milot J, Jacob JL. The oculocardiac reflex: a graphic and statistical analysis in infants and children. Can Anaesth Soc J 1983; 30: 360-9