Structural transformation of vapor grown carbon nanofibers studied by HRTEM

Journal of Nanoparticle Research

Volumn 10, Issue 7, 2008, Pages 1155-1167

  Lawrence, Joseph G ^a   Berhan, Lesley M ^b   Nadarajah, Arunan ^a  

^a The University of Toledo   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TOLEDO   (United States)

Author keywords

Aerosols; Bamboo nanofibers; Carbon nanofibers; Cone angle; Structure; Transmission electron microscopy

Indexed keywords

BAMBOO; CARBON; CARBON NANOFIBERS; CARBON NANOTUBES; FIBERS; FULLERENES; NANOFIBERS; NANOFLUIDICS; NANOPORES; NANOSTRUCTURES; NANOTUBES; THERMOELECTRICITY; VAPORS; WALLS (STRUCTURAL PARTITIONS);

BUSINESS MEDIA; CONE ANGLES; END CAPPING; FULLERENE STRUCTURES; GRAPHENE PLANES; HELIX STRUCTURES; HIGH-RESOLUTION TEM (HRTEM); INNER LAYER; NANOFLUIDS (NFS); NANOTUBE STRUCTURES; OUTER LAYERS; POST PROCESSING; REACTION-DIFFUSION (R-D); STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATIONS; VAPOR GROWN CARBON NANOFIBERS (VGCNF);

NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS;

CARBON; NANOFIBER; NANOMATERIAL; POLYMER;

ARTICLE; CHEMICAL STRUCTURE; IMAGE ANALYSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SYNTHESIS; TEMPERATURE; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY;

AEROSOLS; BAMBOO; CARBON FIBERS; DIFFUSION; HEAT TREATMENT; REACTION MECHANISMS; STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS; THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; VAPORS;

EID: 47049118798     PISSN: 13880764     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11051-007-9341-4     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. S Amelinckx W Luyten T Krekels G Van Tendeloo J Van Landuyt 1992 Conical, helically wound, graphite whiskers: a limiting member of the "fullerenes" J Cryst Growth 12 543 558
2. RTK Baker 1989 Catalytic growth of carbon filaments Carbon 27 315 323
3. VD Blank EV Polyakov DV Batov BA Kulnitskiy U Bangert A Gutierrez-Sosa AJ Harvey A Seepujak 2003 Formation of N-containing C-nanotubes and nanofibres by carbon resistive heating under high nitrogen pressure Diamond Relat Mater 12 864 869
4. L Bourgeois Y Bando K Kurashima T Sato 2000 Co-produced carbon and boron nitride helical cones and the nucleation of curved BN sheets Philos Mag A 80 129 142
5. L Bourgeois Y Bando T Sato 2000 Tubes of rhombohedral boron nitride J Phys D 33 1902 1908
6. YV Butenko S Krishnamurthy AK Chakraborty VL Kuznetsov VR Dhanak MRC Hunt L Šiller 2005 Photoemission study of onionlike carbons produced by annealing nanodiamonds Phys Rev B 71 75420 75429
7. PW Chiu GS Duesberg U Dettlaff-Weglikowska S Roth 2002 Interconnection of carbon nanotubes by chemical functionalization Appl Phys Lett 80 3811 3813
8. H Cui X Yang ML Simpson DH Lowndes M Varela 2004 Initial growth of vertically aligned carbon nanofibers Appl Phys Lett 84 4077 4079
9. H Darmstadt C Roy S Kaliaguine JM Ting RL Alig 1998 Surface spectroscopic analysis of vapour grown carbon fibres prepared under various conditions Carbon 36 1183 1190
10. DD Double A Hellawell 1974 Defects in eutectic flake graphite. Cone-helix growth forms of graphite Acta Metall 22 481 487
11. B Eksioglu A Nadarajah 2006 Structural analysis of conical carbon nanofibers Carbon 44 360 373
12. M Endo YA Kim T Hayashi Y Fukai K Oshida M Terrones T Yanagisawa S Higaki MS Dresselhaus 2002 Structural characterization of cup-stacked-type nanofibers with an entirely hollow core Appl Phys Lett 80 1267 1269
13. M Endo YA Kim T Hayashi T Yanagisawa H Muramatsu M Ezaka H Terrones M Terrones MS Dresselhaus 2003 Microstructural changes induced in "stacked cup" carbon nanofibers by heat treatment Carbon 41 1941 1947
14. LA Girifalco M Hodak RS Lee 2000 Carbon nanotubes, buckyballs, ropes, and a universal graphitic potential Phys Rev B 62 13104 13110
15. S Helveg C López-Cartes J Sehested PL Hansen BS Clausen JR Rostrup-Nielsen F Abild-Pedersen JK Nørskov 2004 Atomic-scale imaging of carbon nanofibre growth Nature 427 426 429
16. S Iijima 1991 Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon Nature 354 56 58
17. JA Jaszczak GW Robinson S Dimovski Y Gogotsi 2003 Naturally occurring graphite cones Carbon 41 2085 2092
18. NA Kiselev J Sloan DN Zakharov EF Kukovitskii JL Hutchison J Hammer AS Kotosonov 1998 Carbon nanotubes from polyethylene precursors: structure and structural changes caused by thermal and chemical treatment revealed by HREM Carbon 36 1149 1157
19. PV Lakshminarayanan H Toghiani CU Pittman 2004 Nitric acid oxidation of vapor grown carbon nanofibers Carbon 42 2433 2442
20. CJ Lee J Oark 2000 Growth model of bamboo-shaped carbon nanotubes by thermal chemical vapor deposition Appl Phys Lett 77 3397 3399
21. J Li MJ Vergne ED Mowles W-H Zhong DM Hercules CM Lukehart 2005 Surface functionalization and characterization of graphitic carbon nanofibers (GCNFs) Carbon 43 2883 2893
22. NN Naguib YM Mueller PM Bojczuk MP Rossi PD Katsikis Y Gogotsi 2005 Effect of carbon nanofibre structure on the binding of antibodies Nanotechnology 16 567 571
23. MJ O'Connell P Boul LM Ericson C Huffman Y Wang E Haroz C Kuper J Tour KD Ausman RE Smalley 2001 Reversible water-solubilization of single-walled carbon nanotubes by polymer wrapping Chem Phys Lett 342 265 271
24. A Oberlin M Endo T Koyama 1976 Filamentous growth of carbon through benzene decomposition J Cryst Growth 32 335 349
25. M Ozawa H Goto M Kusunoki E Osawa 2002 Continuously growing spiral carbon nanoparticles as the intermediates in the formation of fullerenes and nanoonions J Phys Chem B 106 7135 7138
26. JI Paredes M Burghard A Martínez-Alonso JMD Tascón 2005 Graphitization of carbon nanofibers: visualizing the structural evolution on the nanometer and atomic scales by scanning tunneling microscopy Appl Phys A 80 675 682
27. TG Ros AJ Van Dillen JW Geus DC Koningsberger 2002 Surface oxidation of carbon nanofibers Euro J Chem 8 1151 1162
28. Y Saito T Yoshikawa 1993 Bamboo-shaped carbon tube filled partially with nickel J Cryst Growth 134 154 156
29. Y Saito 1995 Nanoparticles and filled nanocapsules Carbon 33 979 988
30. H Shioyama 2005 The production of a sheath around a stacked-cup carbon nanofiber Carbon 43 195 213
31. H Terrones T Hayashi M Muñoz-Navia M Terrones YA Kim N Grobert K Kamalakaran J Dorantes-Dávila R Escudero MS Dresselhaus M Endo 2001 Graphitic cones in palladium catalysed carbon nanofibres Chem Phys Lett 343 241 250
32. GG Tibbetts GL Doll DW Gorkiewicz JJ Moleski TA Perry CJ Dasch MJ Balogh 1993 Physical properties of vapor-grown carbon fibers Carbon 31 1039 1047
33. GG Tibbetts DW Gorkiewics RL Alig 1993 A new reactor for growing carbon fibers from liquid- and vapor-phase hydrocarbons Carbon 31 809 814
34. GG Tibbetts CA Bernado DW Gorkiewics RL Alig 1994 Role of sulfur in the production of carbon fibers in the vapor phase Carbon 32 569 576
35. Wang Yu JJ Santiago-Aviles R Furlan I Ramos 2003 Pyrolysis temperature and time dependence of electrical conductivity evolution for electrostatically generated carbon nanofibers IEEE Trans Nanotechnol 2 39 43
36. M Wong M Paramsothy XJ Xu Y Ren S Li K Liao 2003 Physical interactions at carbon nanotube-polymer interface Polymer 44 7757 7764
37. J Xu S Chatterjee KW Koelling Y Wang SE Bechtel 2005 Shear and extensional rheology of carbon nanofiber suspensions Rheol Acta 44 537 562