Nonhypervascular hypoattenuating nodules depicted on either portal or equilibrium phase multiphasic CT images in the cirrhotic liver

American Journal of Roentgenology

Volumn 191, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 207-214

  Chung, Jae Joon ^a   Jeong, Sik Yu ^a   Joo, Hee Kim ^a   Kim, Myeong Jin ^b   Ki, Whang Kim ^b  

^a Yonsei University College of Medicine   (South Korea)

^b Yonsei University College of Medicine   (South Korea)

Author keywords

Cirrhosis; Dysplastic nodules; Hepatocarcinogenesis; Liver disease; Liver neoplasm; MDCT; Multiphase CT

Indexed keywords

CONTRAST MEDIUM; IOPROMIDE;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; DEVICE; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HEPATITIS B VIRUS; HUMAN; IMAGE ANALYSIS; LIVER CELL CARCINOMA; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; LIVER NODULE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MALIGNANT TRANSFORMATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS;

COMORBIDITY; FEMALE; HUMANS; KOREA; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; LIVER NEOPLASMS; MALE; PROGNOSIS; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTORS; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY COMPUTED;

EID: 46849112645     PISSN: 0361803X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2214/AJR.07.3409     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Rode A, Bancel B, Douek P, et al. Small nodule detection in cirrhotic livers: evaluation with US, spiral CT, and MRI and correlation with pathologic examination of explanted liver. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2001; 25:327-336
2. Choi BI, Takayasu K, Han MC. Small hepatocellular carcinomas and associated nodular lesions of the liver: pathology, pathogenesis, and imaging findings. AJR 1993; 160:1177-1187
3. Dodd GD III, Baron RL, Oliver JH III, Federle MP. Spectrum of imaging findings of the liver in end-stage cirrhosis. Part 2. Focal abnormalities. AJR 1999; 173:1185-1192
4. Sherman M. Diagnosis of small hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2005; 42:14-16
5. Kobayashi M, Ikeda K, Hosaka T, et al. Dysplastic nodules frequently develop into hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic viral hepatitis and cirrhosis. Cancer 2006; 106:636-647
6. Bruix J, Sherman M, Llovet JM, et al.; EASL Panel of Experts on HCC. Clinical management of hepatocellular carcinoma. Conclusions of the Barcelona-2000 EASL conference. European Association for the Study of the Liver. J Hepatol 2001; 35:421-430
7. Matsui O. Imaging of multistep human hepatocarcinogenesis by CT during intra-arterial contrast injection. Intervirology 2004; 47:271-276
8. Krinsky GA, Lee VS, Theise ND, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma and dysplastic nodules in patients with cirrhosis: prospective diagnosis with MR imaging and explantation correlation. Radiology 2001; 219:445-454
9. Takayasu K, Muramatsu Y, Mizuguchi Y, Moriyama N, Ojima H. Imaging of early hepatocellular carcinoma and adenomatous hyperplasia (dysplastic nodules) with dynamic CT and a combination of CT and angiography: experience with resected liver specimens. Intervirology 2004; 47: 199-208
10. Lim JH, Kim MJ, Park CK, Kang SS, Lee WJ, Lim HK. Dysplastic nodules in liver cirrhosis: detection with triple phase helical dynamic CT. Br J Radiol 2004; 77:911-916
11. Murakami T, Kim T, Takamura M, et al. Hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma: detection with double arterial phase multi-detector row helical CT. Radiology 2001; 218:763-767
12. Sherlock S, Dooley J. Diseases of the liver and biliary system. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1993:17-32
13. Seki S, Sakaguchi H, Kitada T, et al. Outcomes of dysplastic nodules in human cirrhotic liver: a clinicopathological study. Clin Cancer Res 2000; 6:3469-3473
14. Yu JS, Lee JH, Park MS, Kim KW. Hyperintense nodules on non-enhanced T1-weighted gradientecho magnetic resonance imaging of cirrhotic liver: fate and clinical implications. J Magn Reson Imaging 2006; 24:630-636
15. Bolondi L, Gaiani S, Celli N, et al. Characterization of small nodules in cirrhosis by assessment of vascularity: the problem of hypovascular hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2005; 42:27-34
16. Sadek AG, Mitchell DG, Siegelman ES, Outwater EK, Matteucci T, Hann HW. Early hepatocellular carcinoma that develops within macroregenerative nodules: growth rate depicted at serial MR imaging. Radiology 1995; 195:753-756
17. Takayasu K, Muramatsu Y, Mizuguchi Y, et al. CT evaluation of the progression of hypoattenuating nodular lesions in virus-related chronic liver disease. AJR 2006; 187:454-463
18. Iannaccone R, Laghi A, Catalano C, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma: role of unenhanced and delayed phase multi-detector row helical CT in patients with cirrhosis. Radiology 2005; 234:460-467
19. Hayashi M, Matsui O, Ueda K, Kawamori Y, Gabata T, Kadoya M. Progression to hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma: correlation with intranodular blood supply evaluated with CT during intraarterial injection of contrast material. Radiology 2002; 225:143-149
20. Lim JH, Seo JW, Choi D, Jang H, Lee W, Lim HK. Unidentified small low-attenuating hepatocellular nodules on helical CT in patients with chronic liver diseases: two-year follow-up. (abstr) Scientific assembly and annual meeting program 2001. Chicago, IL: Radiological Society of North America, 2001:491
21. Bruix J, Sherman M; Practice Guidelines Committee, American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Management of hepatocellular carcinoma: AASLD Practice Guideline. Hepatology 2005; 42:1208-1236
22. Sakamoto M, Hirohashi S. Natural history and prognosis of adenomatous hyperplasia and early hepatocellular carcinoma: multi-institutional analysis of 53 nodules followed up for more than 6 months and 141 patients with single early hepatocellular carcinoma treated by surgical resection or percutaneous ethanol injection. Jpn J Clin Oncol 1998; 28:604-608
23. Ueno H, Okada S, Okusaka T, et al. Prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma with no tumor stain treated by percutaneous ethanol injection. Hepatogastroenterology 2001; 48:1430-1434
24. Thanos L, Mylona S, Nikita A, Ptohis N, Kelekis DA. Long-term outcome of a hepatocellular carcinoma 7(1/2) years after surgery and repeated radiofrequency ablation: case report and review of the literature. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2007; 30:289-292
25. Peterson MS, Baron RL, Marsh JW Jr, Oliver JH 3rd, Confer SR, Hunt LE. Pretransplantation surveillance for possible hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis: epidemiology and CT-based tumor detection rate in 430 cases with surgical pathologic correlation. Radiology 2000; 217:743-749
26. Lim JH, Kim CK, Lee WJ, et al. Detection of hepatocellular carcinomas and dysplastic nodules in cirrhotic livers: accuracy of helical CT in transplant patients. AJR 2000; 175:693-698
27. Mikami S, Kubo S, Hirohashi K, et al. Computed tomography during arteriography and arterial portography in small hepatocellular carcinoma and dysplastic nodule: a prospective study. Jpn J Cancer Res 2000; 91:859-863
28. Hayashi M, Matsui O, Ueda K, et al. Correlation between the blood supply and grade of malignancy of hepatocellular nodules associated with liver cirrhosis: evaluation by CT during intraarterial injection of contrast medium. AJR 1999; 172:969-976
29. Kasahara A, Hayashi N, Mochizuki K, et al. Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma and its incidence after interferon treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Osaka Liver Disease Study Group. Hepatology 1998; 27:1394-1402
30. Benvegnu L, Gios M, Boccato S, Alberti A. Natural history of compensated viral cirrhosis: a prospective study on the incidence and hierarchy of major complications. Gut 2004; 53:744-749
31. Taouli B, Goh JS, Lu Y, et al. Growth rate of hepatocellular carcinoma: evaluation with serial computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2005; 29:425-429
32. Takayama T, Makuuchi M, Hirohashi S. Malignant transformation of adenomatous hyperplasia to hepatocellular carcinoma. Lancet 1990; 36:1150-1153
33. Kaji K, Terada T, Nakanuma Y. Frequent occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic livers after surgical resection of atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (borderline hepatocellular lesion): a follow-up study. Am J Gastroenterol 1994; 89:903-908
34. Marchiano A, Spreafico C, Lanocita R, et al. Does iodine concentration affect the diagnostic efficacy of biphasic spiral CT in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma? Abdom Imaging 2005; 30:274-280
35. Pozzi Mucelli RM, Como G, Del Frate C, et al. Multidetector CT with double arterial phase and high-iodine-concentration contrast agent in the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma. Radiol Med (Torino) 2006; 111:181-191