Interim evaluation of the effect of a new scrum law on neck and back injuries in rugby union

British Journal of Sports Medicine

Volumn 42, Issue 6, 2008, Pages 427-430

  Gianotti, S ^a,b   Hume, P A ^b   Hopkins, W G ^b   Harawira, J ^a   Truman, R ^a  

^a Accident Compensation Corporation   (New Zealand)

^b AUCKLAND UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACCIDENT PREVENTION; ARTICLE; ATHLETE; HUMAN; LAW ENFORCEMENT; LEGAL ASPECT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; NECK INJURY; NEW ZEALAND; RUGBY; SPINE INJURY; SPORT INJURY; WORKMAN COMPENSATION;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; BACK INJURIES; CHILD; FOOTBALL; HUMANS; INSURANCE CLAIM REPORTING; NECK INJURIES; NEW ZEALAND;

EID: 46849100862     PISSN: 03063674     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2008.046987     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. Habka D, Laporte S, Piscione J, et al. Biomechanical study of impact engagement in rugby union scrummaging of front row player. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2007; 10(Suppl 1):43-4.
2. Quarrie KL, Gianotti SM, Hopkins WG, et al. Effect of a nationwide injury prevention programme on serious spinal injuries in New Zealand rugby. BMJ 2007; 334:1150-3.
3. Mclntosh AS. Rugby injuries. In: Maffulli N, Caine DJ, eds. Epidemiology of pediatric sports injuries: team sports. Basel: Karger Med Sport Science. 2005;120-39.
4. Mclntosh AS, McCrory P. Preventing head and neck injury. Br J Sports Med 2005; 39:314-8.
5. International Rugby Board. IRB laws of the game - rugby union. Ireland: International Rugby Board, 2007.
6. Armour KS, Clatworthy BJ, Bean AR, et al. Spinal injuries in New Zealand rugby and rugby league: a twenty year survey. N Z Med J 1997; 110:462-5.
7. Fuller CW, Brooks JHM, Kemp SPT. Spinal injuries in professional rugby union: a prospective cohort study. Clin J Sports Med 2007; 17:10-6.
8. Quarrie KL, Cantu RC, Chalmers DJ. Rugby union injuries to the cervical spine and spinal cord. Sports Med 2002; 32:633-53.
9. Wetzlar MJ, Akpata T, Laughlin W, et al. Occurrence of cervical spine injuries during the rugby scrum. 2nd World Congress on Sports Trauma/22nd Annual meeting of the AOSSM. Lake Buena Vista, Florida, 1996.
10. Haylen PT. Spinal injuries in rugby union, 1970-2003: lessons and responsibilities. Med J Aust 2004; 181:48-50.
11. Berry JG, Harrison JE, Yeo JD, et al. Cervical spinal cord injury in rugby union and rugby league: are incidence rates declining in NSW? Aust N ZJ Public Health 2006; 30:268-74.
12. International Rugby Board. Scrum law changes, http://www.irb.com/ newsmedia/mediazone/pressrelease/newsid=278652.html#scrum+law+change (Accessed 6 December 2006).
13. International Rugby Board. IRB announces scrum initiative, http://www.irb.com/newsmedia/mediazone/pressrelease/newsid=278652. html#irb+announces+scrum+initiative (Accessed 17 November 2006).
14. Milburn PD. The biomechanics of rugby scrummaging. Wollongong: University of Wollongong, 1990.
15. Milburn PD. Biomechanics of rugby union scrummaging. Sports Med 1993; 16:168-79.
16. Du Toit DE, Olivier PE, Buys FJ. Kinetics of full scrum and staggered scrum engagement in under 19 schoolboy rugby union players. S Afr J Res Sport Phys Educ Recreation 2005; 27:15-28.
17. Anderson TE, Engebretsen L, Bahr R. Rule violations as a cause of injuries in male Norwegian professional football. Sports Med 2004; 32 62.
18. Yesalis CE, Cowart VS. The steroids game. Auckland: Human Kinetics, 1998.
19. Stannard JP, Bucknell AL. Rupture of the triceps tendon associated with steroid injections. Am J Sports Med 1993; 21:482-5.
20. Clark SC, Jones MW, Choudhury RR, et al. Bilateral patellar tendon rupture secondary to repeated local steroid injections. J Accid Emerg Med 1995; 12:300-1.
21. Jorgensen U. Regulations and officiating in injury prevention. In: Renstrom PAFH, ed. Sports injuries. Basic principles of prevention and care. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1993;213-9.
22. Cross MJ. General prevention of injuries in sport. In: Renstrom PAFH, ed. Sports injuries. Basic principles of prevention and care. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1993;334-42.
23. Quarrie KL, Gianotti SM, Chalmers DJ, et al. An evaluation of mouthguard requirements and dental injuries in New Zealand rugby union. Br J Sports Med 2005; 39:650-1.
24. Chalmers DJ. Mouthguards: protection for the mouth in rugby union. Sports Med 1998; 25:339-49.
25. Hopkins WG. A spreadsheet for deriving a confidence interval, mechanistic inference and clinical inference from a p value. Sportscience 2007; 11:23-36.