Exploring the retrieval dynamics of delayed and final free recall: Further evidence for temporal-contextual search

Journal of Memory and Language

Volumn 59, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 223-236

  Unsworth, Nash ^a  

^a University of Georgia ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

Free recall; Search; Temporal context

Indexed keywords

EID: 46749147524     PISSN: 0749596X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jml.2008.04.002     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Anderson J.R., and Bower G.H. Recognition and retrieval processes in free recall. Psychological Review 79 (1972) 97-123
2. Baddeley A.D. Human memory theory and practice (1990), Oxford University Press, Oxford
3. Bennett R.W. Proactive interference in short-term memory: Fundamental forgetting processes. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 14 (1975) 123-144
4. Bower G.H. Stimulus-sampling theory of encoding variability. In: Melton A.W., and Martin E. (Eds). Coding processes in human memory (1972), John Wiley and Sons, New York 85-121
5. Brown G.D.A., Neath I., and Chater N. A temporal ratio model of memory. Psychological Review 114 (2007) 539-576
6. Brown G.D.A., Preece T., and Hulme C. Oscillator-based memory for serial order. Psychological Review 107 (2000) 127-181
7. Burgess P.W., and Shallice T. Confabulation and the control of recollection. Memory 4 (1996) 359-411
8. Capaldi E.J., and Neath I. Remembering and forgetting as context discrimination. Learning & Memory 2 (1995) 107-132
9. Craik F.I.M. Types of error in free recall. Psychonomic Science 10 (1968) 353-354
10. Craik F.I.M. The fate of primary memory items in free recall. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 9 (1970) 143-148
11. Craik F.I.M., and Birtwistle J. Proactive inhibition in free recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology 91 (1971) 120-123
12. Crowder R.G. Principles of learning and memory (1976), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates., Hillsdale, NJ
13. Dalezman J.J. Effects of output order on immediate, delayed, and final free recall performance. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory 2 (1976) 597-608
14. Davelaar E.J., Goshen-Gottstein Y., Ashkenazi A., Haarmann H.J., and Usher M. The demise of short-term memory revisited: Empirical and computational investigations of recency effects. Psychological Review 112 (2005) 3-42
15. Estes W.K. Statistical theory of spontaneous recovery and regression. Psychological Review 62 (1955) 145-154
16. Friendly M., Franklin P.E., Hoffman D., and Rubin D.C. The Toronto Word Pool: Norms for imagery, concreteness, orthographic variables, and grammatical usage for 1080 words. Behavior Research Methods and Instruments 14 (1982) 375-399
17. Glanzer M., and Cunitz A.R. Two storage mechanisms in free recall. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 5 (1966) 351-360
18. Glenberg A.M., Bradley M.M., Stevenson J.A., Kraus T.A., and Renzaglia G.J. Studies of the long-term recency effect: Support for a contextually guided retrieval hypothesis. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory 9 (1983) 231-255
19. Glenberg A.M., Bradley M.M., Stevenson J.A., Kraus T.A., Tkachuk M.J., Gretz A.L., et al. A two-process account of long-term serial position effects. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory 6 (1980) 355-369
20. Gruenewald P.J., and Lockhead G.R. The free recall of category examples. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory 6 (1980) 225-240
21. Herrmann D.J., and Pearle P.M. The proper role of clusters in mathematical models of continuous recall. Journal of Mathematical Psychology 24 (1981) 139-162
22. Howard M.W., and Kahana M.J. Contextual variability and serial position effects in free recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 25 (1999) 923-941
23. Howard M.W., and Kahana M.J. When does semantic similarity help episodic retrieval?. Journal of Memory and Language 46 (2002) 85-98
24. Howard M.W., and Kahana M.J. A distributed representation of temporal context. Journal of Mathematical Psychology 46 (2002) 269-299
25. Howard M.W., Youker T.E., and Venkatadass V.S. The persistence of memory: Contiguity effects across hundreds of seconds. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 15 (2008) 58-63
26. Kahana M.J. Associative retrieval processes in free recall. Memory & Cognition 24 (1996) 103-109
27. Kahana M.J., Howard M.W., and Polyn S.M. Associative retrieval processes in episodic memory. In: Roediger H.L. (Ed). Learning and memory: A comprehensive reference (2008), Academic Press, Oxford 476-490
28. Kincaid J.P., and Wickens D.D. Temporal gradient of release from proactive inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology 86 (1970) 313-316
29. Lee C.L., and Estes W.K. Item and order information in short-term memory: Evidence for multilevel perturbation processes. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory 7 (1981) 149-169
30. Loess H., and Waugh N.C. Short-term memory and inter-trial interval. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 6 (1967) 455-460
31. McGeoch J.A. Forgetting and the law of disuse. Psychological Review 39 (1932) 352-370
32. Mensink G., and Raaijmakers J.G.W. A model for interference and forgetting. Psychological Review 95 (1988) 434-455
33. Moscovitch M. Memory and working with memory: A component process model based on modules and central systems. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 4 (1992) 257-267
34. Moscovitch M. Memory and working with memory: Evaluation of a component process model and comparisons with other models. In: Schacter D.L., and Tulving E. (Eds). Memory systems 1994 (1994), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA 269-310
35. Moscovitch M., and Winocur R. The frontal cortex and working with memory. In: Stuss D.T., and Knight R.T. (Eds). Principles of frontal lobe function (2002), Oxford University Press, New York 188-209
36. Murdock B.B. The serial position effect of free recall. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 64 (1962) 482-488
37. Murdock B.B. Human memory: Theory and data (1974), Lawrence Erlbaum and Associates, Potomac, MD
38. Neath I. Contextual and distinctive processes and serial position functions. Journal of Memory and Language 32 (1993) 820-840
39. Norman D.A., and Bobrow D.G. Descriptions: An intermediate stage in memory retrieval. Cognitive Psychology 11 (1979) 107-123
40. Patterson K.E., Meltzer R.H., and Mandler G. Inter-response times in categorized free recall. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 10 (1971) 417-426
41. Raaijmakers J.G.W., and Shiffrin R.M. SAM: A theory of probabilistic search of associative memory. In: Bower G. (Ed). The psychology of learning and motivation Vol. 14 (1980), Academic Press, New York
42. Raymond B.J. Short-term storage and long-term storage in free recall. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 8 (1969) 567-574
43. Rohrer D., and Wixted J.T. An analysis of latency and interresponse time in free recall. Memory & Cognition 22 (1994) 511-524
44. Rundus D. Negative effects of using list items as recall cues. Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior 12 (1973) 43-50
45. Shiffrin R.M. Memory search. In: Norman D.A. (Ed). Models of human memory (1970), Academic Press, New York 375-447
46. Sirotin Y.B., Kimball D.R., and Kahana M.J. Going beyond a single list: Modeling the effects of prior experience on episodic free recall. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 12 (2005) 787-805
47. Tulving E. Theoretical issues in free recall. In: Dixon T.R., and Horton D.L. (Eds). Verbal behavior and general behavior theory (1968), Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ 2-36
48. Tulving E. Elements of episodic memory (1983), Oxford University Press, New York
49. Tulving E., and Thomson D. Encoding specificity and retrieval processes in episodic memory. Psychological Review 80 (1973) 352-372
50. Unsworth N. Individual differences in working memory capacity and episodic retrieval: Examining the dynamics of delayed and continuous distractor free recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition 33 (2007) 1020-1034
51. Unsworth N., and Engle R.W. The nature of individual differences in working memory capacity: Active maintenance in primary memory and controlled search from secondary memory. Psychological Review 114 (2007) 104-132
52. Watkins M.J. Engrams as cuegrams and forgetting as cue over-load: A cueing approach to the structure of memory. In: Puff C.R. (Ed). Memory organization and structure (1979), Academic Press, New York 347-372
53. Williams M.D., and Hollan J.D. The process of retrieval from very long-term memory. Cognitive Science 5 (1981) 87-119
54. Wixted J.T., and Rohrer D. Proactive interference and the dynamics of free recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 19 (1993) 1024-1039
55. Wixted J.T., and Rohrer D. Analyzing the dynamics of free recall: An integrative review of the empirical literature. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 1 (1994) 89-106
56. Zaromb F.M., Howard M.W., Dolan E.D., Sirotin Y.B., Tully M., Wingfield A., et al. Temporal associations and prior-list intrusions in free recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition 32 (2006) 792-804