Predictors of outcome in first-episode schizophrenia over the first 4 years of illness

Psychological Medicine

Volumn 38, Issue 8, 2008, Pages 1141-1146

  Whitty, P ^a   Clarke, M ^b   McTigue, O ^b   Browne, S ^b   Kamali, M ^b   Kinsella, A ^b   Larkin, C ^b,c   O'Callaghan, E ^b,c,d  

^a ADELAIDE AND MEATH HOSPITAL   (Ireland)

^b St John of God Hospitaller Services Ireland   (Ireland)

^c UNIVERSITY COLLEGE DUBLIN   (Ireland)

^d DETECT   (Ireland)

Author keywords

First episode; Outcome; Psychosis

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS; DISEASE DURATION; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; NEGATIVE SYNDROME; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; POSITIVE SYNDROME; PROGNOSIS; RATING SCALE; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; REMISSION; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SCHIZOPHRENIFORM DISORDER;

ADULT; DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HUMANS; MALE; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SCHIZOPHRENIC PSYCHOLOGY; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; TIME FACTORS; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 46749128192     PISSN: 00332917     EISSN: 14698978     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S003329170800336X     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Addington D, Addington J, Patten S (2003). Symptom outcome 1 year after admission to an early psychosis program. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 48, 204-207.
2. Addington J, Van Mastrigt S, Addington D (2004). Duration of untreated psychosis: impact on 2-year outcome. Psychological Medicine 34, 277-284.
3. Addington J, Addington D (2005). Patterns of premorbid functioning in first episode psychosis: relationship to 2-year outcome. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 112, 40-46.
4. APA (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edn (DSM-IV). American Psychiatric Association: Washington DC.
5. Bachrach LL (2000). Psychosocial rehabilitation and psychiatry in the treatment of schizophrenia - what are the boundaries? Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica (Suppl. 407) 102, 6-10.
6. Beiser M, Erickson D, Fleming JA, Iacono WG (1993). Establishing the onset of psychotic illness. American Journal of Psychiatry 150, 1349-1354.
7. Bottlender R, Strauss A, Moller H (2000). Impact of duration of symptoms prior to first hospitalization on acute outcome in 998 schizophrenic patients. Schizophrenia Research 44, 145-150.
8. Brier A, Schreiber JL, Dyer J, Pickar D (1991). National Institute of Mental Health longitudinal study of chronic schizophrenia, prognosis and predictors of outcome. Archives of General Psychiatry 48, 239-246.
9. Browne S, Larkin C, O'Callaghan E (1999). Outcome studies in schizophrenia. Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 16, 140-144.
10. Clarke M, Whitty P, Browne S, McTigue O, Kamali M, Gervin M, Kinsella A, Waddington JL, Larkin C, O'Callaghan E (2006). Untreated illness and outcome of psychosis. British Journal of Psychiatry 189, 235-240.
11. DeQuardo JR, Goldman RS, Tandon R, McGrath-Giroux M, Kim L (1995). Comparison of indices of premorbid function in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research 15, 283-290.
12. Green MF (1996). What are the functional consequences of neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenia? American Journal of Psychiatry 153, 321-330.
13. Harvey PD, Bertisch H, Friedman JI, Marcus S, Parrella M, White L, Davis KL (2003). The course and functional decline in geriatric patients with schizophrenia: cognitive-functional and clinical symptoms as determinants of change. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 11, 610-619.
14. Huber G, Gross G, Schlutter R (1975). A long-term follow-up study of schizophrenia: psychiatric course of illness and prognosis. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 52, 49-57.
15. Jonsson H, Nyman AK (1984). Prediction of outcome in schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 69, 274-291.
16. Kay SR, Fiszbein A, Opler LA (1987). The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin 13, 261-276.
17. Larsen TK, Moe LC, Vibe-Hansen L, Johannessen JO (2000). Premorbid functioning versus duration of untreated psychosis in 1-year outcome in first-episode psychosis. Schizophrenia Research 45, 1-9.
18. Lastra I, Vazquez-Barquero JL, Herrera Castanedo S, Cuesta MJ, Vazquez-Bourgon ME, Dunn G (2000). The classification of first episode schizophrenia: a cluster-analytical approach. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 102, 26-31.
19. Lieberman JA (1999). Is schizophrenia a neurodegenerative disorder? A clinical and neurobiological perspective. Biological Psychiatry 46, 729-739.
20. Lieberman JA, Phillips M, Gu H, Stroup S, Zhang P, Kong L, Ji Z, Koch G, Hammer RM (2003). Atypical and conventional antipsychotic drugs in treatment-naïve first-episode schizophrenia: a 52-week randomized controlled trial of clozapine vs chlorpromazine. Neuropsychopharmacology 28, 995-1003.
21. Malla AK, Norman RM, Manchanda R, Townsend L (2002). Symptoms, cognition, treatment adherence and functional outcome in first-episode psychosis. Psychological Medicine 32, 1109-1119.
22. Malla A, Payne J (2005). First-episode psychosis: psychopathology, quality of life, and functional outcome. Schizophrenia Bulletin 31, 650-71.
23. Marshall M, Lewis S, Lockwood A, Drake R, Jones P, Croudace T (2005). Association between duration of untreated psychosis and outcome in cohorts of first-episode patients. Archives of General Psychiatry 62, 975-983.
24. Melle I, Larsen TK, Haahr U, Friis S, Johannessen JO, Opjordsmoen S, Simonsen E, Rund BR, Valgum P, McGlashan T (2004). Reducing the duration of untreated first-episode psychosis: effects on clinical presentation. Archives of General Psychiatry 61, 143-150.
25. Menezes NM, Arenovich T, Zipursky RB (2006). A systematic review of longitudinal outcome studies of first-episode psychosis. Psychological Medicine 36, 1349-1362.
26. Norman R, Malla A (2001). Duration of untreated psychosis: a critical examination of the concept and its importance. Psychological Medicine 31, 381-400.
27. Olin SC, Mednick SA, Cannon T, Jacobsen B, Parnas J, Schulsinger F, Schulsinger H (1998). School teacher ratings predictive of psychiatric outcome 25 years later. British Journal of Psychiatry 172, 7-13.
28. Robinson D, Woerner MG, Alvir JM, Bilder R, Goldman R, Geisler S, Koreen A, Sheitman B, Chakos M, Mayerhoff D, Lieberman JA (1999b). Predictors of relapse following response from a first episode of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry 56, 241-247.
29. Robinson DG, Woerner MG, Alvir JM, Geisler S, Koreen A, Sheitman B, Chakos M, Mayerhoff D, Bilder R, Goldman R, Lieberman JA (1999a). Predictors of treatment response from a first episode of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry 156, 544-549.
30. Siegel SJ, Irani F, Brensinger CM, Kohler CG, Bilker WB, Ragland JD, Kanes SJ, Gur RC, Gur RE (2006). Prognostic variables at intake and long-term level of function in schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry 163, 433-442.
31. Simonsen E, Friis S, Haahr U, Johannessen JO, Larsen TK, Melle I, Opjordsmoen S, Rund BR, Valgum P, McGlashan T (2007). Clinical epidemiologic first-episode psychosis: 1-year outcome and predictors. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 116, 54-61.
32. Singh S, Croudace T, Amin S, Kwiecinski R, Medley I, Jones P (2000). Three-year outcome in first-episode psychoses in an established community psychiatric service. British Journal of Psychiatry 176, 210-216.
33. Spitzer RL, Williams JB, Gibbon M, First MB (1995). Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV - Patient Edition (SCID-P). American Psychiatric Press: Washington DC.
34. Stirling J, White C, Lewis S, Hopkins R, Tantam D, Huddy A, Montague L (2003). Neurocognitive function and outcome in first-episode schizophrenia: a 10 year follow-up of an epidemiological cohort. Schizophrenia Research 65, 75-86.
35. Strauss JS, Carpenter WT (1972). The prediction of outcome in schizophrenia I. Characteristics of outcome. Archives of General Psychiatry 27, 739-746.
36. Wiersma D, Nienhuis F, Sloof CJ, Giel R (1998). Natural course of schizophrenic disorders: a 15 year follow-up of a Dutch incidence cohort. Schizophrenia Bulletin 24, 75-85.
37. Wieselgren IM, Lindstrom LH (1996). A prospective 1-5 year outcome study in first-admitted and readmitted schizophrenic patients; relationship to heredity, premorbid adjustment, duration of disease and education level at index admission and neuroleptic treatment. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 93, 9-19.
38. Whitty P, Clarke M, McTigue O, Browne S, Kamali M, Larkin C, O'Callaghan E (2005). Diagnostic stability four years after a first episode of psychosis. Psychiatric Services 56, 1084-1088.
39. Whitty P, Lydon C, Turner N, O'Callaghan E (2006). The influence of psychosocial rehabilitation on patients with a first episode of psychosis. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 10, 17-27.