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Christensen, V.2
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0043180400
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N. R. Council, Ed. (National Academy Press, Washington, DC)
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National Research Council, Effects of Trawling and Dredging on Seafloor Habitat, N. R. Council, Ed. (National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 2002).
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Effects of Trawling and Dredging on Seafloor Habitat
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6
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4644371031
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National Research Council, Sustaining Marine Fisheries, N. R. Council, Ed. (National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 2002).
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Sustaining Marine Fisheries
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8
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4644289219
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note
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NMFS defines major stocks as those having annual landings >200,000 pounds (90,909 kg).
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9
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4644235128
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note
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The database for commercial landings is available at www.st.nmfs.gov/st1/ commercial/; the database for recreational landings is available at www.st.nmfs. gov/st1/recreational/queries/index.html. Note NMFS disclaimers on these sites.
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10
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4644227491
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note
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Materials and methods are available as supporting material on Science Online.
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11
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4644269369
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note
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The South Atlantic refers to the Atlantic off the southeastern United States.
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12
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4644243299
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U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA/NMFS, Silver Spring, MD
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NMFS, "Annual report to Congress on the status of U.S. fisheries, 2003" (U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA/NMFS, Silver Spring, MD, 2004).
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(2004)
Annual Report to Congress on the Status of U.S. Fisheries, 2003
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13
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4644310161
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note
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Although NMFS listed Pacific hake (Merluccius productus) as overfished in 2003 (12), they reversed the designation in March 2004. Thus, we excluded this species from the populations of concern. Pacific hake is an industrial fishery comprising 25% of the Pacific Coast landings. It has virtually no recreational value.
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14
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0032758154
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M. R. Collins, J. C. McGovern, G. R. Sedberry, H. S. Meister, R. Perdieck, N. Am. J. Fish. Manage. 19, 828 (1999).
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Collins, M.R.1
McGovern, J.C.2
Sedberry, G.R.3
Meister, H.S.4
Perdieck, R.5
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18
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4644339472
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U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA/NMFS, Gloucester, MA
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M. H. Malchoff, Technical Report No. NA36FD0102 (U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA/NMFS, Gloucester, MA, 1995).
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(1995)
Technical Report No. NA36FD0102
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Malchoff, M.H.1
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19
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0036861292
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J. C. McGovern, M. R. Collins, O. Pashuk, H. S. Meister, N. Am. J. Fish. Manage. 22, 1151 (2002).
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(2002)
N. Am. J. Fish. Manage.
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, pp. 1151
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McGovern, J.C.1
Collins, M.R.2
Pashuk, O.3
Meister, H.S.4
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34
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0030812939
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P. M. Vitousek, H. A. Mooney, J. Lubchenco, J. M. Melillo, Science 277, 494 (1997).
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Science
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Vitousek, P.M.1
Mooney, H.A.2
Lubchenco, J.3
Melillo, J.M.4
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38
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4644237247
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note
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We thank the following for providing assistance: D. Van Voorhees, L. Donniger-Few (MRFSS, Silver Spring, MD); J. MacClellan (Alaska Fish and Game); T. Kerns (Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission); G. Kobyinski, J. Robertson, J. Paulo Serpa (California Department of Fish and Game); S. Atran (Gulf of Mexico FMC); D. Donaldson, R. Lukens (Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission); C. Evans, B. Dixon, D. Vaughan (NMFS, Beaufort); J. Poffenberger (NMFS, Miami); M. Fogarty, S. Murawski (NMFS, Woods Hole); J. Palmer (NOAA and Northeast Fisheries Science Center); L. Paramore (North Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries); J. O'Leary (New England FMC); J. Seabourne (Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife); W. Daspit (Pacific Fisheries Information Network); W. Van Buskirk (Recreational Fisheries Information Network); K. Iverson (South Atlantic FMC); J. Bennett, P. Phares (NOAA Southeast Fisheries Science Center); M. Fisher, V. Swan (Texas Parks and Wildlife); D. Gombert, L. Hoines, G. Lippert, M. Stanley (Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife); and J. O'Driscoll and J. McMillon (Florida State University). R. Myers (Dalhousie University), R. Hilborn (University of Washington), and three anonymous reviewers who provided comments on the manuscript. This study was supported by The Pew Charitable Trusts.
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